Novel control of lactate dehydrogenase from the freeze
... posttranslational modification (PTM) of LDH as a mechanism influencing enzyme function/properties in response to the stresses of freezing and dehydration. PTMs can have strong effects on enzymes including altering activity, kinetic parameters, protein stability, protein–protein or subunit–subunit in ...
... posttranslational modification (PTM) of LDH as a mechanism influencing enzyme function/properties in response to the stresses of freezing and dehydration. PTMs can have strong effects on enzymes including altering activity, kinetic parameters, protein stability, protein–protein or subunit–subunit in ...
Organic Chemistry/Fourth Edition: e-Text
... SDS gel electrophoresis permits proteins in a mixture to be separated according to their molecular weight. On an analytical scale, it is used to estimate the molecular weight of a protein by comparing its electrophoretic mobility with that of proteins of known molecular weight. Later, in Section 27. ...
... SDS gel electrophoresis permits proteins in a mixture to be separated according to their molecular weight. On an analytical scale, it is used to estimate the molecular weight of a protein by comparing its electrophoretic mobility with that of proteins of known molecular weight. Later, in Section 27. ...
A generalized stoichiometric model of C3, C2, C2
... for integrating knowledge at the systems level (Morandini, 2013; Singh et al., 2014). Classical photosynthetic models have allowed the simulation of leaf-level assimilation in C3, C2, C2+C4, and C4 plants using a mechanistic description based on Rubisco PEPC kinetics (von Caemmerer, 1989, 2000, 201 ...
... for integrating knowledge at the systems level (Morandini, 2013; Singh et al., 2014). Classical photosynthetic models have allowed the simulation of leaf-level assimilation in C3, C2, C2+C4, and C4 plants using a mechanistic description based on Rubisco PEPC kinetics (von Caemmerer, 1989, 2000, 201 ...
Catalytic Mechanism and Regulation of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases
... al., 1996; Yan et al., 1996, 1998; Scholich et al., 1997; Sunahara et al., 1997). Such soluble enzymes also can be activated by the diterpene forskolin, derived from the root of the Indian plant Coleus forskolhii (Seamon and Daly, 1986). The tertiary structure of the cyclase domain has been elucidat ...
... al., 1996; Yan et al., 1996, 1998; Scholich et al., 1997; Sunahara et al., 1997). Such soluble enzymes also can be activated by the diterpene forskolin, derived from the root of the Indian plant Coleus forskolhii (Seamon and Daly, 1986). The tertiary structure of the cyclase domain has been elucidat ...
ADP
... Glurose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first key enzyme for the pathway. All hydrogen atoms coming from two times of dehydrogenation are accepted by NADP+ to generate NADPH + H+ Ribose-5-phosphate is a very important intermediate molecule during the pentose phosphate pathway. ...
... Glurose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first key enzyme for the pathway. All hydrogen atoms coming from two times of dehydrogenation are accepted by NADP+ to generate NADPH + H+ Ribose-5-phosphate is a very important intermediate molecule during the pentose phosphate pathway. ...
Biochemical characterization of the initial steps of the Kennedy
... The zwitterionic glycerophospholipids GPCho (glycerophosphocholine) and GPEtn (glycerophosphoethanolamine) are the two most abundant phospholipid species in eukaryotic cells and many bacteria [1]. In the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei, the agent of African sleeping sickness, GPCho accounts f ...
... The zwitterionic glycerophospholipids GPCho (glycerophosphocholine) and GPEtn (glycerophosphoethanolamine) are the two most abundant phospholipid species in eukaryotic cells and many bacteria [1]. In the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma brucei, the agent of African sleeping sickness, GPCho accounts f ...
Biochemistry 1997 Baird
... important for acidification of urine (Liljas et al., 1972; Sato et al., 1990; Sly et al., 1983; 1985a,b) while membrane-bound CA IV is located in the apical plasma membranes of the brush border in the proximal convoluted tubule and the thick ascending limb of Henle (Brown et al., 1990). CA IV plays ...
... important for acidification of urine (Liljas et al., 1972; Sato et al., 1990; Sly et al., 1983; 1985a,b) while membrane-bound CA IV is located in the apical plasma membranes of the brush border in the proximal convoluted tubule and the thick ascending limb of Henle (Brown et al., 1990). CA IV plays ...
CO2 and O2 Distribution in Rubisco Suggests the
... solvent during the reaction. The transition between open and closed forms involves rigid-body domain movements, movements of several loops and of the carboxy-terminal strand.14−16 Structures of the closed form have been obtained with a tightbinding transition-state analogue, 2-carboxyarabinitol-1,5- ...
... solvent during the reaction. The transition between open and closed forms involves rigid-body domain movements, movements of several loops and of the carboxy-terminal strand.14−16 Structures of the closed form have been obtained with a tightbinding transition-state analogue, 2-carboxyarabinitol-1,5- ...
NON-RADIOACTIVE ASSAY FOR ACETYL-CoA
... production of NADH via ultraviolet light at 340 nm. The assay described herein eliminates the malate dehydrogenase step and instead employs DTNB in the citrate synthase reaction, permitting the use of visible light at 412 nm to monitor the reaction. ...
... production of NADH via ultraviolet light at 340 nm. The assay described herein eliminates the malate dehydrogenase step and instead employs DTNB in the citrate synthase reaction, permitting the use of visible light at 412 nm to monitor the reaction. ...
The Vitamin K-dependent Carboxylase*
... of a VKD blood protein is exemplified by the identification of Hemophilia B patients that have a point mutation at one of these conserved residues (e. g. R –4 N or R –1 S) in the factor IX propeptide (62, 74). In these patients, the mutated factor IX is secreted into the bloodstream with an attached ...
... of a VKD blood protein is exemplified by the identification of Hemophilia B patients that have a point mutation at one of these conserved residues (e. g. R –4 N or R –1 S) in the factor IX propeptide (62, 74). In these patients, the mutated factor IX is secreted into the bloodstream with an attached ...
PDF - Geoff McFadden`s Lab
... FNR transfers these electrons to NADP+, thereby creating reduced NADPH, which can be used either to generate ATP or as a cofactor in anabolic reactions. In darkness the reverse can occur, and NADPH is reoxidised by FNR to produce reduced ferredoxin37, which is essential for the activity of several f ...
... FNR transfers these electrons to NADP+, thereby creating reduced NADPH, which can be used either to generate ATP or as a cofactor in anabolic reactions. In darkness the reverse can occur, and NADPH is reoxidised by FNR to produce reduced ferredoxin37, which is essential for the activity of several f ...
Chapter 2 - Carbon dioxide assimilation and respiration
... In retrospect, a very observant reader of the plant biological literature of the early 1960s should have noticed that a small group of grass species, including plants like maize, had a set of very unusual but correlated properties, related in one way or another to the process of photosynthesis, tha ...
... In retrospect, a very observant reader of the plant biological literature of the early 1960s should have noticed that a small group of grass species, including plants like maize, had a set of very unusual but correlated properties, related in one way or another to the process of photosynthesis, tha ...
Glycolysis - WordPress.com
... tissues to bloodstream and then to aerobic tissues, such as liver and heart. In these aerobic tissues lactate can be catabolized further or can be converted back through gluconeogenesis. One step conversion of Pyruvate to Lactate catalysed by Lactate dehydrogenase. ...
... tissues to bloodstream and then to aerobic tissues, such as liver and heart. In these aerobic tissues lactate can be catabolized further or can be converted back through gluconeogenesis. One step conversion of Pyruvate to Lactate catalysed by Lactate dehydrogenase. ...
Current understanding of fatty acid biosynthesis and the acyl carrier
... the acyl chain is constructed from the ‘inside out’ as the additional carbon groups are added to the base of the acyl chain rather than the tip (Figure 3). The cycle is repeated until the acyl chain reaches 16–18 carbon groups in length, at which point the vast majority of acyl-ACPs are utilized in ...
... the acyl chain is constructed from the ‘inside out’ as the additional carbon groups are added to the base of the acyl chain rather than the tip (Figure 3). The cycle is repeated until the acyl chain reaches 16–18 carbon groups in length, at which point the vast majority of acyl-ACPs are utilized in ...
Mammalian CSAD and GADL1 have distinct biochemical properties
... biosynthesis of taurine. In the present study, we compared the catalytic properties, inhibitor sensitivity and expression profiles of GADL1 and CSAD in brain tissue. In mouse and human brain we observed distinct patterns of expression of the PLP-dependent decarboxylases CSAD, GADL1 and glutamic acid ...
... biosynthesis of taurine. In the present study, we compared the catalytic properties, inhibitor sensitivity and expression profiles of GADL1 and CSAD in brain tissue. In mouse and human brain we observed distinct patterns of expression of the PLP-dependent decarboxylases CSAD, GADL1 and glutamic acid ...
A chitin-binding domain in a marine bacterial
... (1997)found several other similar residues among chitinbinding domains from bacterial chitinases and observed that removal of the binding domain decreased hydrolysis of unprocessed chitin by a chitinase from Clostridium paraputrificum. The role of the chitin-binding domain in hydrolysing chitin by o ...
... (1997)found several other similar residues among chitinbinding domains from bacterial chitinases and observed that removal of the binding domain decreased hydrolysis of unprocessed chitin by a chitinase from Clostridium paraputrificum. The role of the chitin-binding domain in hydrolysing chitin by o ...
Major roles of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase in
... acids, glutamate or peptone, and under starvation conditions (Barelle et al., 2006; Brock, 2009). Interestingly a fox2 mutant lacking the second enzyme of the b-oxidation pathway is also unable to utilize acetate, ethanol, lactate and oleic acid and is significantly attenuated in virulence. Therefor ...
... acids, glutamate or peptone, and under starvation conditions (Barelle et al., 2006; Brock, 2009). Interestingly a fox2 mutant lacking the second enzyme of the b-oxidation pathway is also unable to utilize acetate, ethanol, lactate and oleic acid and is significantly attenuated in virulence. Therefor ...
Plant surface lipid biosynthetic pathways and their utility for
... reviews that have focused on the chemical composition (Jetter et al., 2006), biosynthesis (Kunst et al., 2006) and biological functions of plant cuticular waxes (Bargel et al., 2006; Riederer and Müller, 2006). Plant cuticular wax composition and biosynthesis Cuticular wax composition varies betwee ...
... reviews that have focused on the chemical composition (Jetter et al., 2006), biosynthesis (Kunst et al., 2006) and biological functions of plant cuticular waxes (Bargel et al., 2006; Riederer and Müller, 2006). Plant cuticular wax composition and biosynthesis Cuticular wax composition varies betwee ...
Characterization of the Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase (SPP
... 2.4.1.14) and sucrose-phosphate phosphatase (SPP; EC 3.1.3.24). SPS catalyses the synthesis of Suc-6-P from UDP-glucose and fructose-6-phosphate (Fru6P). In the second step of the pathway, SPP catalyses the irreversible hydrolysis of Suc-6-P to sucrose and displaces the reaction catalysed by SPS in ...
... 2.4.1.14) and sucrose-phosphate phosphatase (SPP; EC 3.1.3.24). SPS catalyses the synthesis of Suc-6-P from UDP-glucose and fructose-6-phosphate (Fru6P). In the second step of the pathway, SPP catalyses the irreversible hydrolysis of Suc-6-P to sucrose and displaces the reaction catalysed by SPS in ...
DECALEPIS HAMILTONII ACETAMINOPHEN-INDUCED HEPATIC INJURY IN RATS Research Article
... Liver diseases are mainly caused by toxic chemicals, excess consumption of alcohol, infections and autoimmune disorders. Liver damage is the wide spread pathology which in most cases involves oxidative stress and is characterized by a progressive evolution from steatosis to chronic hepatitis, fibros ...
... Liver diseases are mainly caused by toxic chemicals, excess consumption of alcohol, infections and autoimmune disorders. Liver damage is the wide spread pathology which in most cases involves oxidative stress and is characterized by a progressive evolution from steatosis to chronic hepatitis, fibros ...
October 24 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science
... Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There’s got to be a better way! ...
... Glycolysis 2 ATP Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP Life takes a lot of energy to run, need to extract more energy than 4 ATP! There’s got to be a better way! ...
NMR studies of the methionine methyl groups in calmodulin
... which would allow us in principle to assign the Met methyl resonances in any form of CaM. Our approach relies on a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and 2D (~H,~3C)H M Q C N M R spectroscopy. Fig. IA shows the H M Q C spectrum of ~3C-selectively labelled Met methyl Ca42+-CaM. It is obvious th ...
... which would allow us in principle to assign the Met methyl resonances in any form of CaM. Our approach relies on a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and 2D (~H,~3C)H M Q C N M R spectroscopy. Fig. IA shows the H M Q C spectrum of ~3C-selectively labelled Met methyl Ca42+-CaM. It is obvious th ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.