Detoxification mechanisms (Apis mellifera) resulting in tolerance of dietary nicotine
... oxidised by a cytochrome P450-mediated reaction40. Taken together, these observations suggest that an analogous cytochrome P450-mediated pathway is present in honey bees to facilitate nicotine catabolism. In total twelve P450s were identified (Supplementary Table 3 lists all the P450s identified), b ...
... oxidised by a cytochrome P450-mediated reaction40. Taken together, these observations suggest that an analogous cytochrome P450-mediated pathway is present in honey bees to facilitate nicotine catabolism. In total twelve P450s were identified (Supplementary Table 3 lists all the P450s identified), b ...
Protein kinase inhibition: natural and synthetic variations on a theme
... a variety of motifs for regulation have been identified. These examples, summarized below, not only provide a foundation for thinking more broadly about the molecular features that regulate each kinase, but also provide wide latitude for developing inhibitors which extend beyond those obtainable usi ...
... a variety of motifs for regulation have been identified. These examples, summarized below, not only provide a foundation for thinking more broadly about the molecular features that regulate each kinase, but also provide wide latitude for developing inhibitors which extend beyond those obtainable usi ...
Molecular characteristics of sucrose synthase
... distribution within isoenzymes implicate variable biochemical functions they act. In maize, the SS1 isoform was involved in starch synthesis and dominated in the endosperm, whereas the SS2 isoenzyme was active in providing substrate for cell wall formation and glycolysis [6]. Application of gel filt ...
... distribution within isoenzymes implicate variable biochemical functions they act. In maize, the SS1 isoform was involved in starch synthesis and dominated in the endosperm, whereas the SS2 isoenzyme was active in providing substrate for cell wall formation and glycolysis [6]. Application of gel filt ...
Instructions for use Title ENZYMOLOGICAL STUDIES ON
... observed as Crabtree effect in the transient state of tumor cells. This control process has been studied more extensively and new contributions regarding it continue to appear. Krebs10,1l) marshalled the evidence against the concept that the carbohydrate synthesis proceeds by direct reversal of the ...
... observed as Crabtree effect in the transient state of tumor cells. This control process has been studied more extensively and new contributions regarding it continue to appear. Krebs10,1l) marshalled the evidence against the concept that the carbohydrate synthesis proceeds by direct reversal of the ...
Internal expression of Yarrowia NDH2
... spores carrying these deletion alleles, either by random spore analysis or by ascus dissection. As we also failed to introduce the deletion alleles directly into haploid yeast strains, it seemed that complex I was essential for vegetative growth. However, we could not exclude at this point that comp ...
... spores carrying these deletion alleles, either by random spore analysis or by ascus dissection. As we also failed to introduce the deletion alleles directly into haploid yeast strains, it seemed that complex I was essential for vegetative growth. However, we could not exclude at this point that comp ...
Lecture 008, Tissue - SuperPage for Joel R. Gober, PhD.
... different than this guy right over here or like that or like this. How many different ways can it bounce into each other in the wrong way to not make products compared to, I forgot, which was the right way. >> The other way. >> Okay. I like that, it could, they can bounce together probably a million ...
... different than this guy right over here or like that or like this. How many different ways can it bounce into each other in the wrong way to not make products compared to, I forgot, which was the right way. >> The other way. >> Okay. I like that, it could, they can bounce together probably a million ...
Identification of Aspartate- 184 as an Essential Residue in the
... an irreversible inhibitor of the catalytic subunit of CAMP-dependent protein kinase, and MgATP protected against inactivation [Toner-Webb, J., & Taylor, S. S. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 73711. This inhibition by DCCD indicated that an essential carboxyl group was present at the active site of the enzym ...
... an irreversible inhibitor of the catalytic subunit of CAMP-dependent protein kinase, and MgATP protected against inactivation [Toner-Webb, J., & Taylor, S. S. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 73711. This inhibition by DCCD indicated that an essential carboxyl group was present at the active site of the enzym ...
E. Coli MurG: A Paradigm for a Superfamily of
... present in minute quantities in bacterial cells and thus cannot be isolated readily from natural sources [3,21]. Without suitable substrates to monitor activity, it is not possible to study purified enzymes. Only one structure of an enzyme involved in the late stages of peptidoglycan synthesis was r ...
... present in minute quantities in bacterial cells and thus cannot be isolated readily from natural sources [3,21]. Without suitable substrates to monitor activity, it is not possible to study purified enzymes. Only one structure of an enzyme involved in the late stages of peptidoglycan synthesis was r ...
Correlation of an Immobilized Digestive Enzyme Assay with Poultry
... The cost of feed represents >65% of the bird arriving at a US processing plant (July 2005 Agri Stats); therefore a more precise knowledge of the nutritional value of feed ingredients would enable the formulation of diets that more closely meet amino acid requirements. In vitro and in vivo techniques ...
... The cost of feed represents >65% of the bird arriving at a US processing plant (July 2005 Agri Stats); therefore a more precise knowledge of the nutritional value of feed ingredients would enable the formulation of diets that more closely meet amino acid requirements. In vitro and in vivo techniques ...
Autocatalytic Sets in E. coli Metabolism
... reactions within the set of catalyzed reactions. Moreover, by grouping these reactions with the same generic catalyst (Protein or RNA), we are simplifying the network’s catalyst space without losing biological information. iv) Reactions for which the E. coli enzyme is unknown were assigned to anothe ...
... reactions within the set of catalyzed reactions. Moreover, by grouping these reactions with the same generic catalyst (Protein or RNA), we are simplifying the network’s catalyst space without losing biological information. iv) Reactions for which the E. coli enzyme is unknown were assigned to anothe ...
PhoR, PhoP and MshC: Three essential proteins of Mycobacterium
... have been achieved. Using the malachite green assay PhoRin was confirmed to spontaneously dephosphorylate. The DNA binding activity of PhoP was assessed using fluorescence polarization, though no binding was observed. To observe the complexation of PhoRin and PhoP, a pull-down method was developed ...
... have been achieved. Using the malachite green assay PhoRin was confirmed to spontaneously dephosphorylate. The DNA binding activity of PhoP was assessed using fluorescence polarization, though no binding was observed. To observe the complexation of PhoRin and PhoP, a pull-down method was developed ...
TETHERING: Fragment-Based Drug Discovery
... reversibly to IL-2 (72). We determined the structure of the complex between 1 and IL-2 to pinpoint the binding site’s location and the specific interactions between 1 and IL-2 (5). The X-ray structure revealed a striking transformation: The surface of unliganded IL-2 is relatively flat and offers no ...
... reversibly to IL-2 (72). We determined the structure of the complex between 1 and IL-2 to pinpoint the binding site’s location and the specific interactions between 1 and IL-2 (5). The X-ray structure revealed a striking transformation: The surface of unliganded IL-2 is relatively flat and offers no ...
Cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding acidophilic amylase
... Agnano 101 (Buonocore et at., 1976) and A-2 (Kanno, 1986), and from Bacillus sp. 11-1s (Uchino, 1982). The pH optima of the three enzymes ranged from 2-0 to 3.5, temperature optima between 70 and 75 "C and apparent molecular masses from 54 to 68 kDa. The molecular mass of the B. acidocaldarius ATCC ...
... Agnano 101 (Buonocore et at., 1976) and A-2 (Kanno, 1986), and from Bacillus sp. 11-1s (Uchino, 1982). The pH optima of the three enzymes ranged from 2-0 to 3.5, temperature optima between 70 and 75 "C and apparent molecular masses from 54 to 68 kDa. The molecular mass of the B. acidocaldarius ATCC ...
Cloning and functional characterization of temperature responsive
... renewable bio‐products for pharmaceutical and industrial purposes. However, castor oil production does not meet the increase of its world consumption due to the use of cultivars with low genetic potential to adapt to some environmental conditions like harsh temperatures. Castor bean utilises stora ...
... renewable bio‐products for pharmaceutical and industrial purposes. However, castor oil production does not meet the increase of its world consumption due to the use of cultivars with low genetic potential to adapt to some environmental conditions like harsh temperatures. Castor bean utilises stora ...
Biochemical Thermodynamics - Research Centers | Center for
... small molecules that serve in some functional role in biological organisms. Many are vitamins or are derived from vitamins; a vitamin is defined as an organic molecule that is necessary for metabolism but cannot be synthesized by the organism. Thus the same compound may be a vitamin for one organism ...
... small molecules that serve in some functional role in biological organisms. Many are vitamins or are derived from vitamins; a vitamin is defined as an organic molecule that is necessary for metabolism but cannot be synthesized by the organism. Thus the same compound may be a vitamin for one organism ...
Investigating the Role of ADP-forming Acetyl-CoA
... TCA cycle. Anaerobic fermentation pathways are then used for the primary flow of carbon (1). Acetate assimilation as an alternative carbon source may occur under certain conditions such as when glucose is diminished (1). Acetate is typically activated to form acetyl-CoA, a central metabolic intermed ...
... TCA cycle. Anaerobic fermentation pathways are then used for the primary flow of carbon (1). Acetate assimilation as an alternative carbon source may occur under certain conditions such as when glucose is diminished (1). Acetate is typically activated to form acetyl-CoA, a central metabolic intermed ...
The Role of Amino Acids
... versatility. The precise amino acid content, and the sequence of those amino acids, of a specific protein, is determined by the sequence of the bases in the gene that encodes that protein. The chemical properties of the amino acids of proteins determine the biological activity of the protein. Protei ...
... versatility. The precise amino acid content, and the sequence of those amino acids, of a specific protein, is determined by the sequence of the bases in the gene that encodes that protein. The chemical properties of the amino acids of proteins determine the biological activity of the protein. Protei ...
Isolation and Fractionation 2
... Hence for some applications, synthetic gradient media are used which are dense but exert a low osmotic pressure. Hence, the use of Percoll, which is a colloidal suspension of silica particles coated with poly-vinylpyrrolidone, and because it is a colloid rather than a true solute, it exerts a neglig ...
... Hence for some applications, synthetic gradient media are used which are dense but exert a low osmotic pressure. Hence, the use of Percoll, which is a colloidal suspension of silica particles coated with poly-vinylpyrrolidone, and because it is a colloid rather than a true solute, it exerts a neglig ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.