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Unit 2 Study Guide: Carbon Compounds
Unit 2 Study Guide: Carbon Compounds

... 3. I can use the periodic table to determine and depict atomic structure of various elements (including valence electrons)…use N, O, S, P, K, and Ca as examples to demonstrate your understanding! ...
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discovery of new enzymes in extreme environments through

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Table of Contents

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Enzymes - Best Friends of Flours The Miller`s Little Helpers

... in the production of pan (toast) bread, where a soft dough that precisely fills the tin is required. Proteases are also very useful in the production of cracker, biscuit or wafer flours where elasticity of the gluten is not desirable. Enzymes for biscuits, crackers and wafers Whereas a high protein ...
Unit 3 Biochemistry Chp 2 The Chemistry of Life Notes
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C485 Exam I - Chemistry Courses: About

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Answer Key for the Supplemental Problem Set #1

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SOME Important Points About Cellular Energetics by Dr. Ty C.M.

... The  citric  acid  cycle  receives  acetyl  (a  two-­‐carbon  compound)  and  combines   it  with  oxaloacetate  (a  four-­‐carbon  compound)  to  produce  citrate  (a  six-­‐ carbon  compound).  This  six  carbon  compound  is  then  broken ...
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... One strand of Dna can serve as a template for the formation of the other. Themes: I. The continuity of life is based on heritable information obtained through DNA. DNA’s complex double helix structure allows it to carry vital information of all living things. II. Cells are the basic unit of structur ...
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Structure, function, and evolution of phosphoglycerate mutases

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... i. albumin - acid & base buffer in blood d. Hormonal Function i. insulin - regulates blood glucose level ii. growth hormone - regulates human growth e. Neurotransmitter i. enkephalins - regulate pain in spinal cord f. Immunity i. antibodies - attach to foreign molecules ii. complement proteins - enh ...
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Enzyme



Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.
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