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Sample exam 1
Sample exam 1

... site. Explain how this takes part in the mechanism of the cleavage. The guanidino group is shown below: ...
SBI 4U Unit 1 Questions
SBI 4U Unit 1 Questions

... All essential unit questions are to be handed in at the beginning of class on the day of our unit test. Please be sure to answer all questions in your own words. You are expected to use class notes and your text to answer all questions. Feel free to use additional internet sources to help with your ...
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... roles in the cell, both on their own and as building blocks of macromolecules. The classes of small molecules that play significant roles in biology are ...
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Macromolecule Notes - Ms. Dooley`s Science Class
Macromolecule Notes - Ms. Dooley`s Science Class

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Macromolecule Notes Powerpoint

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Biochem 462 - public.asu.edu
Biochem 462 - public.asu.edu

... required for the complete oxidation of one 16 carbon fatty acid. Please do this in three steps (you need to explain your reasoning for full credit). If you cannot do one step, make an assumption and do the next one. a) Determine the number of FADH2, NADH and acetyl CoA molecules generated by beta ox ...
proteins and protein structure
proteins and protein structure

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basic components of living things
basic components of living things

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Human Mitochondrial DNA
Human Mitochondrial DNA

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AP Biology Review – Unit 1
AP Biology Review – Unit 1

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20141031093018

... Active site (and R groups of its amino acids) can lower EA and speed up a reaction by • acting as a template for substrate orientation, • stressing the substrates and stabilizing the transition state, • providing a favorable microenvironment, • participating directly in the catalytic reaction. ...
Semester 1 AP Biology Exam Review Guide Directions: Use this as
Semester 1 AP Biology Exam Review Guide Directions: Use this as

... 3. What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism? Together, these reactions are referred to as metabolism. 4. Draw a picture of an enzyme catalyzed reaction and label the following. V. Substrate, active site, enzyme, enzyme-substrate complex, products 5. Why do enzymes follow the so-called ...
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enzyme activity
enzyme activity

... How do abiotic or biotic factors influence the rates of enzymatic reactions? ■BACKGROUND Enzymes are the catalysts of biological systems. They speed up chemical reactions in biological systems by lowering the activation energy, the energy needed for molecules to begin reacting with each other. Enzym ...
Industrial_201502
Industrial_201502

... must be applied (Slip Op. Pp 11-14). The use of intrinsic evidence and extrinsic evidence by the district court impacts the standard of review. In those situations when the district court reviews only evidence intrinsic to the patent, the judge’s determination is solely a determination of law and th ...
Free energy
Free energy

... Substrate Specificity of Enzymes • The reactant that an enzyme acts on is called the enzyme’s substrate • The enzyme binds to its substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex • The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds • Induced fit of a substrate brings chemical group ...
Basic Chemistry and Cell Structure
Basic Chemistry and Cell Structure

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Enzyme



Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.
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