chapter 2 the origin and chemistry of life
... Draw, use transparencies, slides or video to illustrate the different isomeric forms of the hexose sugars glucose, fructose, and galactose, and reasons for their different characteristics. Show how the structures fit into enzymes and why different enzymes would be needed to interact with different i ...
... Draw, use transparencies, slides or video to illustrate the different isomeric forms of the hexose sugars glucose, fructose, and galactose, and reasons for their different characteristics. Show how the structures fit into enzymes and why different enzymes would be needed to interact with different i ...
Cloning Using Plasmid Vectors
... Unique restriction sites May have additional features such as mob sites, RNA polymerase promoters, etc. ...
... Unique restriction sites May have additional features such as mob sites, RNA polymerase promoters, etc. ...
METABOLISM BACTERIAL METABOLISM
... reactions can occur when atoms, ions, and molecules collide. • Activation energy is needed to disrupt electronic configurations. • Reaction rate is the frequency of collisions with enough energy to bring about a reaction. • Reaction rate can be increased by increasing temperature, pressure, and reac ...
... reactions can occur when atoms, ions, and molecules collide. • Activation energy is needed to disrupt electronic configurations. • Reaction rate is the frequency of collisions with enough energy to bring about a reaction. • Reaction rate can be increased by increasing temperature, pressure, and reac ...
Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... Fermentation is partial oxidation of glucose Produces very little ATP Uses pyruvate or derivative as terminal electron acceptor Other organisms may use other organic molecules as terminal electron acceptor ...
... Fermentation is partial oxidation of glucose Produces very little ATP Uses pyruvate or derivative as terminal electron acceptor Other organisms may use other organic molecules as terminal electron acceptor ...
Chemistry of Life
... – Vitamin D: needed for strong bones and teeth – Cortisone: reduces swelling – Testosterone: secondary sexual characteristics in men – Estrogen: secondary sexual characteristics in women – Progesterone: allows women to be pregnant ...
... – Vitamin D: needed for strong bones and teeth – Cortisone: reduces swelling – Testosterone: secondary sexual characteristics in men – Estrogen: secondary sexual characteristics in women – Progesterone: allows women to be pregnant ...
TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE
... • The tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle) is a focal end point for the oxidation of carbohydrate, fat and amino acids via acetyl coenzyme A. • Pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. • The reactions of the TCA cycle generate carbon diox ...
... • The tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle) is a focal end point for the oxidation of carbohydrate, fat and amino acids via acetyl coenzyme A. • Pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. • The reactions of the TCA cycle generate carbon diox ...
ap sample5lab2 - Biology Junction
... Exercise 2A: To observe the reaction of catalase and hydrogen peroxide, transfer 10mL of 1.5% H2O2 into a 50mL beaker and add 1mL of fresh catalase. Observe the reaction and record results on Table 1. Next, the effect of boiling catalase needs to be demonstrated. Place 5mL of fresh catalase into a t ...
... Exercise 2A: To observe the reaction of catalase and hydrogen peroxide, transfer 10mL of 1.5% H2O2 into a 50mL beaker and add 1mL of fresh catalase. Observe the reaction and record results on Table 1. Next, the effect of boiling catalase needs to be demonstrated. Place 5mL of fresh catalase into a t ...
Metabolism: Energy, Enzymes, and Regulation
... ergy. Living cells carry out three major types of work, and all are essential to life processes. Chemical work involves the synthesis of complex biological molecules required by cells from much simpler precursors; energy is needed to increase the molecular complexity of a cell. Molecules and ions of ...
... ergy. Living cells carry out three major types of work, and all are essential to life processes. Chemical work involves the synthesis of complex biological molecules required by cells from much simpler precursors; energy is needed to increase the molecular complexity of a cell. Molecules and ions of ...
Study Guide
... Find all assignments, lectures, and handouts listed above and revisit them. Review Enzymes Quiz – go through all questions without looking at original answers. Connect all of the above terms/concepts together. a. One way to do this would be to pick three terms and form a sentence that uses all three ...
... Find all assignments, lectures, and handouts listed above and revisit them. Review Enzymes Quiz – go through all questions without looking at original answers. Connect all of the above terms/concepts together. a. One way to do this would be to pick three terms and form a sentence that uses all three ...
2-4_EnergyProd_FabinyiB
... contains enzyme complexes, that are part of the oxidative phosphorylation, and transport proteins. It has a restricted permeability, highly regulated, that doesn’t even allow ions to pass through. The matrix contains proteins, enzymes and mitochondrial DNA. The citric acid cycle, the beta-oxidation ...
... contains enzyme complexes, that are part of the oxidative phosphorylation, and transport proteins. It has a restricted permeability, highly regulated, that doesn’t even allow ions to pass through. The matrix contains proteins, enzymes and mitochondrial DNA. The citric acid cycle, the beta-oxidation ...
Chapter 1
... Protists (multiple kingdoms) 100 µm are unicellular eukaryotes and their relatively simple multicellular relatives.Pictured here is an assortment of protists inhabiting pond water. Scientists are currently debating how to split the protists into several kingdoms that better represent evolution and d ...
... Protists (multiple kingdoms) 100 µm are unicellular eukaryotes and their relatively simple multicellular relatives.Pictured here is an assortment of protists inhabiting pond water. Scientists are currently debating how to split the protists into several kingdoms that better represent evolution and d ...
Lecture_5a_ Catalysis . ppt - University of Massachusetts
... attack by the oxygen atom of the Ser195 hydroxyl group on the carbonyl carbon atom of the susceptible bond. The carbon-oxygen bond of this carbonyl group becomes a single bond, and the oxygen atom acquires a net negative charge. The four atoms now bonded to the carbonyl carbon are arranged as a tetr ...
... attack by the oxygen atom of the Ser195 hydroxyl group on the carbonyl carbon atom of the susceptible bond. The carbon-oxygen bond of this carbonyl group becomes a single bond, and the oxygen atom acquires a net negative charge. The four atoms now bonded to the carbonyl carbon are arranged as a tetr ...
- Science Publishing Corporation
... Enzyme becomes saturated with substrate and a higher concentration of substrate does not increase the reaction rate [7]. ...
... Enzyme becomes saturated with substrate and a higher concentration of substrate does not increase the reaction rate [7]. ...
PotuS!977m - BioMedSearch
... KS+ and pBkjescriptil KS-, varying in the orientation of their polylinker (KS versus SK) and fl origin (+ versus -) have been generated. These vectors were designed to facilitate rapid mapping of DNA inserts. The mapping technique, based on a strategy described by Wahl at at (ref. 1), requires the p ...
... KS+ and pBkjescriptil KS-, varying in the orientation of their polylinker (KS versus SK) and fl origin (+ versus -) have been generated. These vectors were designed to facilitate rapid mapping of DNA inserts. The mapping technique, based on a strategy described by Wahl at at (ref. 1), requires the p ...
51 - Lab Times
... cially available restricsystem are methyltranstion enzymes belong to ferases and restriction type II and only one to endonucleases. The fortype III and IV, respecmer recognise speciftively (REBASE doesn’t ic DNA sequences and Fast and accurate cuts like the ones list a single type I restrictransfer ...
... cially available restricsystem are methyltranstion enzymes belong to ferases and restriction type II and only one to endonucleases. The fortype III and IV, respecmer recognise speciftively (REBASE doesn’t ic DNA sequences and Fast and accurate cuts like the ones list a single type I restrictransfer ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 1: Structure and Function in Biochemistry
... When a ligand binds to a protein, it alters the balance of internal forces in the protein. Since protein structure is based on relatively weak forces, proteins have a degree of flexibility, and the protein will adjust its overall shape or conformation when a ligand such as a substrate or effector b ...
... When a ligand binds to a protein, it alters the balance of internal forces in the protein. Since protein structure is based on relatively weak forces, proteins have a degree of flexibility, and the protein will adjust its overall shape or conformation when a ligand such as a substrate or effector b ...
3.1 The Molecules of Life--From Structure to Function A. What Is An
... 3. Fats are formed by the attachment of one (mono-), two (di-), or three (tri-) fatty acids to a glycerol. a. They are a rich source of energy, yielding more than twice the energy per weight basis as carbohydrates. ...
... 3. Fats are formed by the attachment of one (mono-), two (di-), or three (tri-) fatty acids to a glycerol. a. They are a rich source of energy, yielding more than twice the energy per weight basis as carbohydrates. ...
Back to the Future: Molecular Biology Meets Metabolism
... obvious, it helps us consider the question of how newly discovered enzymes are regulated. During the symposium a number of presentations were devoted to the study of enzymes that acetylate and de-acetylate polypeptide substrates. Take, for example, the family of histone acetyl transferase (HAT) enzy ...
... obvious, it helps us consider the question of how newly discovered enzymes are regulated. During the symposium a number of presentations were devoted to the study of enzymes that acetylate and de-acetylate polypeptide substrates. Take, for example, the family of histone acetyl transferase (HAT) enzy ...
Chapter 2
... tertiary structure – 3-D folding due to hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bridges quaternary structure – some proteins are composed of more than 1 polypeptide chain held together like tertiary structures enzymes – protein catalysts; most common catalysts in body very specific – ...
... tertiary structure – 3-D folding due to hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bridges quaternary structure – some proteins are composed of more than 1 polypeptide chain held together like tertiary structures enzymes – protein catalysts; most common catalysts in body very specific – ...
Chapter 2
... The identification of a microbial source of an enzyme is by no means the end of the story. The properties of the enzyme must be determined; i.e. temperature for optimum productivity, temperature stability profile, pH optimum and stability, kinetic constants (Km, Vmax), whether there is substrate or ...
... The identification of a microbial source of an enzyme is by no means the end of the story. The properties of the enzyme must be determined; i.e. temperature for optimum productivity, temperature stability profile, pH optimum and stability, kinetic constants (Km, Vmax), whether there is substrate or ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.