Enzymes
... • A protein’s secondary structure consists of regular, repeated patterns in different regions in the polypeptide chain. • This shape is influenced primarily by hydrogen bonds arising from the amino acid sequence (the primary structure). • The two common secondary structures are the a helix and the b ...
... • A protein’s secondary structure consists of regular, repeated patterns in different regions in the polypeptide chain. • This shape is influenced primarily by hydrogen bonds arising from the amino acid sequence (the primary structure). • The two common secondary structures are the a helix and the b ...
carbohydrate metabolism
... - finally complete oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A to water and carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle. • Glycolysis (Greek: glyco,sugar; lysis, splitting) is the sequence of chemical reactions by which glucose, a six-carbon sugar is cleaved to two molecules of pyruvate, a three-carbon acid. Also kn ...
... - finally complete oxidation of acetyl coenzyme A to water and carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle. • Glycolysis (Greek: glyco,sugar; lysis, splitting) is the sequence of chemical reactions by which glucose, a six-carbon sugar is cleaved to two molecules of pyruvate, a three-carbon acid. Also kn ...
The Chemistry of Life
... • All proteins have either 3 or 4 structural levels – Primary Structure: Refers to the sequence of amino acids that form the polypeptides – Hydrogen bonds single groups in a polypeptide chain result in a folded region referred as the secondary ...
... • All proteins have either 3 or 4 structural levels – Primary Structure: Refers to the sequence of amino acids that form the polypeptides – Hydrogen bonds single groups in a polypeptide chain result in a folded region referred as the secondary ...
5-Metabolism of Pyrimidine Nucleotides
... Step-2: dUMP is then methylated to form dTMP Step-3 & 4: dTMP is then phosphorylated with ATP in two rounds to form dTTP ...
... Step-2: dUMP is then methylated to form dTMP Step-3 & 4: dTMP is then phosphorylated with ATP in two rounds to form dTTP ...
role of aldehyde oxidase and keto
... the Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) (EC 1.2.3.1) which are structurally conserved proteins belonging to the family of molybdoflavoenzymes along with xanthine oxido reductase (XOR), the key enzyme in the catabolism of purines (1,2). In their catalytically active form, both AOXs and XORs are dimers of identi ...
... the Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) (EC 1.2.3.1) which are structurally conserved proteins belonging to the family of molybdoflavoenzymes along with xanthine oxido reductase (XOR), the key enzyme in the catabolism of purines (1,2). In their catalytically active form, both AOXs and XORs are dimers of identi ...
Lecture 22 Urea Cycle, Gluconeogenesis and Glyoxalate
... 2. Are the urea cycle and the TCA cycle run at the same time, since they use the same intermediates? Answer: Since the urea cycle just uses a part of the TCA cycle to regenerate aspartate, so this does not require “running” of the cycle and could even be accomplished in the total absence of acetyl-C ...
... 2. Are the urea cycle and the TCA cycle run at the same time, since they use the same intermediates? Answer: Since the urea cycle just uses a part of the TCA cycle to regenerate aspartate, so this does not require “running” of the cycle and could even be accomplished in the total absence of acetyl-C ...
lecture 02b
... and is not consumed in the reaction, but can be re-used. Enzymes are biological catalysts; 99.99% of them are proteins. Enzymes are very specific; a different one is required for each type of chemical reaction. Because the 3-D shape of an enzyme is critical for its function, anything that alters tha ...
... and is not consumed in the reaction, but can be re-used. Enzymes are biological catalysts; 99.99% of them are proteins. Enzymes are very specific; a different one is required for each type of chemical reaction. Because the 3-D shape of an enzyme is critical for its function, anything that alters tha ...
Lesson 3
... • Raising gene dose simply increase the product, from products involving the activity of one or a few genes, such as enzymes. • This may be beneficial if the fermentation product is cell biomass or a primary metabolite. ...
... • Raising gene dose simply increase the product, from products involving the activity of one or a few genes, such as enzymes. • This may be beneficial if the fermentation product is cell biomass or a primary metabolite. ...
Document
... The catalytic cycle of enzyme action can be described in the following steps. a. First the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme fitting into the active site. b. the binding of the substrate induces the enzyme to alter its shape, fitting more tightly around the substrate c. the active si ...
... The catalytic cycle of enzyme action can be described in the following steps. a. First the substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme fitting into the active site. b. the binding of the substrate induces the enzyme to alter its shape, fitting more tightly around the substrate c. the active si ...
Ch_9 Control of Respiration
... balance the supply of raw materials with the products produced these molecules become feedback regulators they control enzymes at strategic points in ...
... balance the supply of raw materials with the products produced these molecules become feedback regulators they control enzymes at strategic points in ...
Objectives_Set1
... Describe the hepatic fructose and galactose pathways and identify their metabolic endproduct that is an intermediate of glycolysis. Citric Acid Cycle ...
... Describe the hepatic fructose and galactose pathways and identify their metabolic endproduct that is an intermediate of glycolysis. Citric Acid Cycle ...
RespirationWrapUp
... balance the supply of raw materials with the products produced these molecules become feedback regulators they control enzymes at strategic points in ...
... balance the supply of raw materials with the products produced these molecules become feedback regulators they control enzymes at strategic points in ...
Hydrogel-Encapsulated Fluorophore-Enzyme Conjugates for Direct
... fluorescence. Ratiometric analysis of the SNAFL-1 fluorescent acidic and basic emission peaks revealed a linear increase in relative fluorescence for concentrations of paraoxon between 0.4 and 10 µM and positive but nonlinear correlation above 35 µM of paraoxon, similar to earlier biosensor results ...
... fluorescence. Ratiometric analysis of the SNAFL-1 fluorescent acidic and basic emission peaks revealed a linear increase in relative fluorescence for concentrations of paraoxon between 0.4 and 10 µM and positive but nonlinear correlation above 35 µM of paraoxon, similar to earlier biosensor results ...
Proteins - RMC Science Home
... Contain hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen The main function of proteins is to build and maintain tissues. Can also be used for energy but ONLY if carbohydrate and fat stores are depleated. ...
... Contain hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen The main function of proteins is to build and maintain tissues. Can also be used for energy but ONLY if carbohydrate and fat stores are depleated. ...
Computational protein design enables a novel one
... (FLS); SI Appendix, Fig. S4 and Table S2]. The identity and position of the additional mutated side chains was clear in the electron density, and the overall conformation of the protein backbone and active site was similar to the Des1 construct (RMSD of ∼0.4 Å across all main chain atoms). FLS has a ...
... (FLS); SI Appendix, Fig. S4 and Table S2]. The identity and position of the additional mutated side chains was clear in the electron density, and the overall conformation of the protein backbone and active site was similar to the Des1 construct (RMSD of ∼0.4 Å across all main chain atoms). FLS has a ...
Development and Validation of a Generic
... Methylation is a ubiquitous covalent modification used to control the function of diverse biomolecules including hormones, neurotransmitters, xenobiotics, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) are currently of high interest as drug targets because of their role in epi ...
... Methylation is a ubiquitous covalent modification used to control the function of diverse biomolecules including hormones, neurotransmitters, xenobiotics, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) are currently of high interest as drug targets because of their role in epi ...
Enzyme Mechanisms
... Subtilisin: externals very different from mammalian serine proteases; triad same ...
... Subtilisin: externals very different from mammalian serine proteases; triad same ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.