![Molecules of Life](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002416046_1-ace477bd69b3e81ec73667d04288d448-300x300.png)
The Basics of Cellular Respiration
... It is named for Hans Krebs who discovered it in 1953. (It is also called the citric acid cycle” because citric acid is formed at the start of the cycle.) ...
... It is named for Hans Krebs who discovered it in 1953. (It is also called the citric acid cycle” because citric acid is formed at the start of the cycle.) ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... Three-dimensional bends and kinks in secondary structure due to the interactions between R-groups ...
... Three-dimensional bends and kinks in secondary structure due to the interactions between R-groups ...
Lecture 20 The Redox Sequence
... There is an ideal sequence of redox reactions driven by e- rich organic matter that is based on the energy available for the microbes that mediate the reactions. In this sequence organic matter is combusted in order by O2 → NO3 → MnO2 → Fe2O3 → SO42- (decreasing energy yield). Most of these reaction ...
... There is an ideal sequence of redox reactions driven by e- rich organic matter that is based on the energy available for the microbes that mediate the reactions. In this sequence organic matter is combusted in order by O2 → NO3 → MnO2 → Fe2O3 → SO42- (decreasing energy yield). Most of these reaction ...
L10v02b_-_citric_acid_cycle.stamped_doc
... [00:01:15.70] There are two steps where we lose carbon as carbon dioxide and five energy generating steps when we produce either NADH, or FADH2, or GTP, which although not as common as a ATP, is still used very often in energy requiring and regulatory processes. Now NADH and FADH2 both function as e ...
... [00:01:15.70] There are two steps where we lose carbon as carbon dioxide and five energy generating steps when we produce either NADH, or FADH2, or GTP, which although not as common as a ATP, is still used very often in energy requiring and regulatory processes. Now NADH and FADH2 both function as e ...
Year 9 Chemical Sciences Program Term 3 Course 2 2017
... All matter is made of atoms that are composed of protons, neutrons and electrons; natural radioactivity arises from the decay of nuclei in atoms. (ACSSU177) describing and modelling the structure of atoms in terms of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons comparing the mass and charge of p ...
... All matter is made of atoms that are composed of protons, neutrons and electrons; natural radioactivity arises from the decay of nuclei in atoms. (ACSSU177) describing and modelling the structure of atoms in terms of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons comparing the mass and charge of p ...
Final Exam Practice-2017
... 20. Examine the Lewis structure for propanal, C3H6O. Which of the following descriptions about its structure is correct? a) This is a correct Lewis structure b) There are too many electrons in this diagram. The lone pair on carbon should be removed. c) There are too many electrons in this diagram. T ...
... 20. Examine the Lewis structure for propanal, C3H6O. Which of the following descriptions about its structure is correct? a) This is a correct Lewis structure b) There are too many electrons in this diagram. The lone pair on carbon should be removed. c) There are too many electrons in this diagram. T ...
I. Introduction to class
... catabolism is available for work, the rest is lost as heat. Energy transformations are inefficient. ...
... catabolism is available for work, the rest is lost as heat. Energy transformations are inefficient. ...
What are the general types of reactions?
... • Same types of atoms before and after a reaction • Same number of each type of atom before and after ...
... • Same types of atoms before and after a reaction • Same number of each type of atom before and after ...
File
... phosphorylate two molecules of ADP. Two pyruvate molecules are formed by removing two phosphate groups from each molecule. These phosphate groups are given to ADP molecules and form ATP. ...
... phosphorylate two molecules of ADP. Two pyruvate molecules are formed by removing two phosphate groups from each molecule. These phosphate groups are given to ADP molecules and form ATP. ...
Summary from Organic Chemistry Packet:
... • Recognize the terms cis-, trans- isomers – Unsaturated molecules – Orientation around the double bond ...
... • Recognize the terms cis-, trans- isomers – Unsaturated molecules – Orientation around the double bond ...
FREE Sample Here
... 13) Helium (He) has an atomic number of 2. It is chemically stable because it A) is neutral in electrical charge. B) will form a covalent bond with another He atom. C) readily ionizes to react with other atoms. D) lacks electrons, thus the He atom is stable. E) has a full outer electron shell. ...
... 13) Helium (He) has an atomic number of 2. It is chemically stable because it A) is neutral in electrical charge. B) will form a covalent bond with another He atom. C) readily ionizes to react with other atoms. D) lacks electrons, thus the He atom is stable. E) has a full outer electron shell. ...
Chapter 4
... Phenols as Antioxidants Hydroperoxides: ◦ Are unstable. ◦ Under biological conditions, they degrade to short-chain aldehydes and carboxylic acids with unpleasant "rancid" smells. ◦ Similar formation of hydroperoxides in the low-density lipoproteins deposited on the walls of arteries leads to cardio ...
... Phenols as Antioxidants Hydroperoxides: ◦ Are unstable. ◦ Under biological conditions, they degrade to short-chain aldehydes and carboxylic acids with unpleasant "rancid" smells. ◦ Similar formation of hydroperoxides in the low-density lipoproteins deposited on the walls of arteries leads to cardio ...
Practice Test Chapter 9
... B) activate the enzyme and thus slow the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. C) inhibit the enzyme and thus increase the rate of glycolysis and the concentration of citrate. D) inhibit the enzyme and thus slow the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. E) inhibit the enzyme and th ...
... B) activate the enzyme and thus slow the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. C) inhibit the enzyme and thus increase the rate of glycolysis and the concentration of citrate. D) inhibit the enzyme and thus slow the rates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. E) inhibit the enzyme and th ...
Ch. 9
... – For metals that can have more than one charge, the name of the metal is succeeded by the valency in capital Roman numerals in () parentheses OR by using the suffix –ous for the lowest valency & -ic for the highest valency ...
... – For metals that can have more than one charge, the name of the metal is succeeded by the valency in capital Roman numerals in () parentheses OR by using the suffix –ous for the lowest valency & -ic for the highest valency ...
Nucleotides, Vitamins, Cosubstrates, and Coenzymes
... reaction is then used to reduce a substrate during a subsequent metabolic reaction. The NADP+/NADPH pair participates in reductive biosynthetic reactions. NADPH acts as the reducing agent. If a vitamin is present at insufficient quantities or is completely lacking in the diet a deficiency disease o ...
... reaction is then used to reduce a substrate during a subsequent metabolic reaction. The NADP+/NADPH pair participates in reductive biosynthetic reactions. NADPH acts as the reducing agent. If a vitamin is present at insufficient quantities or is completely lacking in the diet a deficiency disease o ...
Monomers and Polymers I
... oxygen atoms. Note: In every carbohydrate there are always twice the number of hydrogen atoms as there are oxygen atoms. For example glucose: C6H12O6 . Lipids (or ‘fats’)are important components of plasma membranes. Proteins are very important in forming cellular structures, such as receptors. They ...
... oxygen atoms. Note: In every carbohydrate there are always twice the number of hydrogen atoms as there are oxygen atoms. For example glucose: C6H12O6 . Lipids (or ‘fats’)are important components of plasma membranes. Proteins are very important in forming cellular structures, such as receptors. They ...
Electrons
... 4. The oxidation number of hydrogen is____except when it is bonded to metals in binary compounds. In these cases, its oxidation number is____. 5. Group 1 metals are____, Group 2 metals are____and fluorine is always____. 6. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or ion is eq ...
... 4. The oxidation number of hydrogen is____except when it is bonded to metals in binary compounds. In these cases, its oxidation number is____. 5. Group 1 metals are____, Group 2 metals are____and fluorine is always____. 6. The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or ion is eq ...
PGS 160-167
... balloon) to create a concentration gradient. High[ ] in between and low [ ] in the center. iii. The H+ are released using ATP Synthesizing Complex. (It would be like pulling the cork in the sink.)(Fig: 9.14) iv. The H+ rush out (going from High [ ]–>Low [ ]) allowing the ATP Synthesizing Complex to ...
... balloon) to create a concentration gradient. High[ ] in between and low [ ] in the center. iii. The H+ are released using ATP Synthesizing Complex. (It would be like pulling the cork in the sink.)(Fig: 9.14) iv. The H+ rush out (going from High [ ]–>Low [ ]) allowing the ATP Synthesizing Complex to ...
Mole Equation Homework Hint: Start equations with the numbers
... Hint: Start equations with the numbers given, and pay close attention to what the question is asking you to find. Usually, the first step in most stoichiometry problems (calculation of quantities in chemical equations) is to convert the given numbers to moles. SHOW YOUR WORK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ...
... Hint: Start equations with the numbers given, and pay close attention to what the question is asking you to find. Usually, the first step in most stoichiometry problems (calculation of quantities in chemical equations) is to convert the given numbers to moles. SHOW YOUR WORK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ...
Chapters 1-4 Numbers and Measurements in Chemistry Units SI
... • Because carbon compounds can become quite large, organic compounds are described simply and unambiguously using line structures, where carbons and hydrogens are not explicitly shown. – Each corner or end of a line is a carbon. – Hydrogen y g atoms on carbon atoms are implied. p Carbon makes four b ...
... • Because carbon compounds can become quite large, organic compounds are described simply and unambiguously using line structures, where carbons and hydrogens are not explicitly shown. – Each corner or end of a line is a carbon. – Hydrogen y g atoms on carbon atoms are implied. p Carbon makes four b ...
The Chemical Context of Life PPT
... Why are covalent bonds more prevalent among biological molecules than ionic bonds? A. Ionic bonds only occur between metals and non-metals, and therefore aren't usually present in biological systems. B. You can have double covalent bonds, but not double ionic bonds, so covalent bonds provide more va ...
... Why are covalent bonds more prevalent among biological molecules than ionic bonds? A. Ionic bonds only occur between metals and non-metals, and therefore aren't usually present in biological systems. B. You can have double covalent bonds, but not double ionic bonds, so covalent bonds provide more va ...
The Chemical Context of Life
... Why are covalent bonds more prevalent among biological molecules than ionic bonds? A. Ionic bonds only occur between metals and non-metals, and therefore aren't usually present in biological systems. B. You can have double covalent bonds, but not double ionic bonds, so covalent bonds provide more va ...
... Why are covalent bonds more prevalent among biological molecules than ionic bonds? A. Ionic bonds only occur between metals and non-metals, and therefore aren't usually present in biological systems. B. You can have double covalent bonds, but not double ionic bonds, so covalent bonds provide more va ...
Radical (chemistry)
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hydroxyl_radical.png?width=300)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired valency electrons.With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make free radicals highly chemically reactive towards other substances, or even towards themselves: their molecules will often spontaneously dimerize or polymerize if they come in contact with each other. Most radicals are reasonably stable only at very low concentrations in inert media or in a vacuum.A notable example of a free radical is the hydroxyl radical (HO•), a molecule that has one unpaired electron on the oxygen atom. Two other examples are triplet oxygen and triplet carbene (:CH2) which have two unpaired electrons. In contrast, the hydroxyl anion (HO−) is not a radical, since the unpaired electron is resolved by the addition of an electron; singlet oxygen and singlet carbene are not radicals as the two electrons are paired.Free radicals may be created in a number of ways, including synthesis with very dilute or rarefied reagents, reactions at very low temperatures, or breakup of larger molecules. The latter can be affected by any process that puts enough energy into the parent molecule, such as ionizing radiation, heat, electrical discharges, electrolysis, and chemical reactions. Indeed, radicals are intermediate stages in many chemical reactions.Free radicals play an important role in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, polymerization, plasma chemistry, biochemistry, and many other chemical processes. In living organisms, the free radicals superoxide and nitric oxide and their reaction products regulate many processes, such as control of vascular tone and thus blood pressure. They also play a key role in the intermediary metabolism of various biological compounds. Such radicals can even be messengers in a process dubbed redox signaling. A radical may be trapped within a solvent cage or be otherwise bound.Until late in the 20th century the word ""radical"" was used in chemistry to indicate any connected group of atoms, such as a methyl group or a carboxyl, whether it was part of a larger molecule or a molecule on its own. The qualifier ""free"" was then needed to specify the unbound case. Following recent nomenclature revisions, a part of a larger molecule is now called a functional group or substituent, and ""radical"" now implies ""free"". However, the old nomenclature may still occur in the literature.