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CO2 and O2 Distribution in Rubisco Suggests the
CO2 and O2 Distribution in Rubisco Suggests the

... This indicates that O2 is hardly soluble in any environment, whereas CO2 is. Residues That Have a High Affinity for CO2. Virtually all residues are in contact with a gas molecule within 20 ns, but the interior of the subunit is less accessible than the surface. This needs to be considered when attempt ...
molecular dynamics studies of the stability of co2
molecular dynamics studies of the stability of co2

... hydrates can be decomposed when there exists an under-saturated liquid water phase surrounding the hydrates within the HSF pressure and temperature. This process can be called dissolution, as the hydrate dissolves in to water and gas and thus the saturated concentrations are reestablished[4-6]. Rehd ...
1. 1. Overview of Bioorganic Chemistry
1. 1. Overview of Bioorganic Chemistry

... species to catalyze chemical reactions and also to serve as ligands for metal ions in important catalytic processes. For example, such a species is the preferred ligand in the metathesis catalyst that was part of the work winning Robert Grubbs a recent Nobel Prize in chemistry. Thus, we saw informat ...
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology
Enzyme Mechanisms - Illinois Institute of Technology

... some portion of the time in which a reaction is being monitored, the concentration of the enzyme-substrate complex is nearly constant. Thus in the general reaction E + S  ES  E + P where E is the enzyme, S is the substrate, ES is the enzyme-substrate complex (or "enzymeintermediate complex"), and ...
Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Protein Folding
Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Protein Folding

... polypeptide is converted into a compact folded structure that typically constitutes its functional form. The process has been characterized extensively in-vitro in dilute buffer solutions over the last few decades. However, invivo, it occurs inside living cells whose cytoplasm is filled with a pleth ...
Tetrazine−trans-cyclooctene Mediated Conjugation of Antibodies to
Tetrazine−trans-cyclooctene Mediated Conjugation of Antibodies to

... the commercial availability of antibodies allows our method to be extended to the setup of various other biosensing platforms. Moreover, the described conjugation scheme can be easily adapted for loading other types of cargos, as iEDDA reactions have been shown to be compatible with a wide range of ...
Click Anywhere to Continue
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Enzymes
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Metallocene Organoactinide Complexes
Metallocene Organoactinide Complexes

... Cp3 UL [50, 51]. Later, it has been reported that these ligands support most members of the actinide series from thorium to californium to form complexes of the type (η5 -C5 H5 )3 An (An = actinide). These complexes exhibit a wide variety of novel structures and reactivities, including uranium–carbo ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrate Metabolism

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... Ans. It is an equilibrium in which all the reactants and products are in same phase. Example: H2(g)+I2(g)  2HI(g) 9) What is heterogeneous equilibrium? given an example Ans. It is an equilibrium in which reactants and products are in different phases. Example: CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) +CO2 (g) 10) State l ...
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Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
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Conformational changes in actin–myosin isoforms probed by Ni(II
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... complexes are inactive (Lheureux and Chaussepied, 1995), we do not expect a high resolution structure of an actin–myosin complex soon. To assist, therefore, in confirming the data obtained with the nucleotide-free myosin motor domain, and its relevance to actin binding, we have taken a solution-based ...
visual problems - Western Oregon University
visual problems - Western Oregon University

... 12.38. Use the standard molar entropies in Appendix 4 to calculate the ∆S° value for each of the following reactions of sulfur compounds. a. H2S(g) + 3/2 O2(g) → H2O(g) + SO2(g) b. 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) c. SO3(g) + H2O(ℓ) → H2SO4(aq) d. S(g) + O2(g) → SO2(g) 12.39. Ozone Layer The following re ...
Steven`s project - The University of Texas at Dallas
Steven`s project - The University of Texas at Dallas

... How Rosetta Works Rosetta, like many other software packages for protein folding, uses a series of energy minimization functions [2]. These functions help to determine whether or not a configuration of the protein is plausible (through use of various weights assigned due to probabilities), or even p ...
Catalytic and transport cycles of ABC exporters
Catalytic and transport cycles of ABC exporters

... ers, other topologies ranging from five to ten α‑helices per TMD have been observed [13,14]. Thus the TMDs of importers and exporters cannot be easily interchanged in models of transport. It is best to consider the coupling mechanisms of these proteins in three distinct groups on the basis of their ...
Biochemistry 499
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... enzymes involved in reversible phosphorylation, especially the protein phosphatases. There are relatively few Ser/Thr phosphatases in the cell and one catalytic subunit must counterbalance the activity of many different protein kinases. Thus protein phosphatases are subjected to spatial and temporal ...
Enzymologychapter13 - Panama College of Cell Science
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... likelihood of simultaneous collision of three molecules is very, very small.) When the overall stoichiometry of a reaction is greater than two (for example, as in A ! B ! C → or 2A ! B  →), the reaction almost always proceeds via unimolecular or bimolecular elementary steps, and the overall rate o ...
Dynamics in the Active Site of -Secretase: A Network Analysis of
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... given by Zi = ∑ jcij, i.e., the number of times the node i is visited, where cij, the edge capacity from node j to node i, is proportional to the number of direct transitions from j to i observed along a trajectory. Detailed balance is not imposed, and a comparison of networks with and without detai ...
21 More About Amines • Heterocyclic Compounds
21 More About Amines • Heterocyclic Compounds

... not as good a leaving group as Cl-, Br -, or I -. As a result, a partial negative charge builds up on the carbon from which the proton is being removed. This gives the transition state a carbanion-like structure rather than an alkene-like structure. By removing a proton from the b -carbon bonded to ...
Unit 3 2 Basic Mole Conversions and Mole Maps
Unit 3 2 Basic Mole Conversions and Mole Maps

... We've introduced the issues of balancing in light of the Law of the Conservation of Matter. Now, very briefly, I would like to introduce the role of the balanced equation in terms of stoichiometry. I am quite aware that you may not yet know how to balance an equation ... but I wish to discuss what a ...
Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanisms
Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanisms

... The formation of a transition state is accompanied by losses in translational entropy as well as rotational entropy. Enzymatic reactions take place within the confines of the enzyme active-site wherein the substrate and catalytic groups on the enzyme act as one molecule. Therefore, there is no loss ...
SensiFAST™ Two-Step Real-Time RT-PCR
SensiFAST™ Two-Step Real-Time RT-PCR

... RT reaction is diluted into the real-time PCR in the second ...
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Multi-state modeling of biomolecules

Multi-state modeling of biomolecules refers to a series of techniques used to represent and compute the behaviour of biological molecules or complexes that can adopt a large number of possible functional states.Biological signaling systems often rely on complexes of biological macromolecules that can undergo several functionally significant modifications that are mutually compatible. Thus, they can exist in a very large number of functionally different states. Modeling such multi-state systems poses two problems: The problem of how to describe and specify a multi-state system (the ""specification problem"") and the problem of how to use a computer to simulate the progress of the system over time (the ""computation problem""). To address the specification problem, modelers have in recent years moved away from explicit specification of all possible states, and towards rule-based formalisms that allow for implicit model specification, including the κ-calculus, BioNetGen, the Allosteric Network Compiler and others. To tackle the computation problem, they have turned to particle-based methods that have in many cases proved more computationally efficient than population-based methods based on ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, or the Gillespie stochastic simulation algorithm. Given current computing technology, particle-based methods are sometimes the only possible option. Particle-based simulators further fall into two categories: Non-spatial simulators such as StochSim, DYNSTOC, RuleMonkey, and NFSim and spatial simulators, including Meredys, SRSim and MCell. Modelers can thus choose from a variety of tools; the best choice depending on the particular problem. Development of faster and more powerful methods is ongoing, promising the ability to simulate ever more complex signaling processes in the future.
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