Key Terms:
... H+ gradient drives ATP synthesis Glycolysis is universal, anaerobic and cytosolic 2 ATP in; 4 ATP out & 2 reduced coenzymes glucose (six carbons, C6) 2 moleucles of pyruvate (three carbons, C3) Citric Acid Cycle, in the mitochondria Pyruvate crosses into mitochondrial matrix and is converted to ac ...
... H+ gradient drives ATP synthesis Glycolysis is universal, anaerobic and cytosolic 2 ATP in; 4 ATP out & 2 reduced coenzymes glucose (six carbons, C6) 2 moleucles of pyruvate (three carbons, C3) Citric Acid Cycle, in the mitochondria Pyruvate crosses into mitochondrial matrix and is converted to ac ...
The Citric Acid Cycle - Alfred State College
... Except succinate dehydrogenase, which is located in the inner membrane ...
... Except succinate dehydrogenase, which is located in the inner membrane ...
KREBS CYCLE Definition Krebs cycle (aka tricarboxylic acid cycle
... 5. Second oxidative-decarboxylation takes place. α-ketoglutarate is converted to succinyl-CoA. CO2 and NADH are produced. ...
... 5. Second oxidative-decarboxylation takes place. α-ketoglutarate is converted to succinyl-CoA. CO2 and NADH are produced. ...
Reading Guide
... 9. Isocitrate has three carboxyl groups—give a chemical rational for why only one eliminated as carbon dioxide in this step. 10. Is the enzyme -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase more like isocitrate dehydrogenase or pyruvate dehydrogenase? Explain. 11. What is substrate level phosphorylation? What is the ...
... 9. Isocitrate has three carboxyl groups—give a chemical rational for why only one eliminated as carbon dioxide in this step. 10. Is the enzyme -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase more like isocitrate dehydrogenase or pyruvate dehydrogenase? Explain. 11. What is substrate level phosphorylation? What is the ...
Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle
... formation of FADH2. Succinyl CoA releases coenzyme A, becoming succinate, the energy thus released converts GDP to GTP, which in turn converts ADP to ATP. ...
... formation of FADH2. Succinyl CoA releases coenzyme A, becoming succinate, the energy thus released converts GDP to GTP, which in turn converts ADP to ATP. ...
BIOL 101 Cellular Respiration I. Organic Molecules A. Energy input
... B. Energy retrieval 1. strip away electrons from chemical bonds 2. oxidation of food molecules - cellular respiration - 2 step process (remove e- then use) II. Glycolysis (first step) - in cytoplasm A. Splitting of glucose 1. 9 enzyme-catalyzed reactions 2. glucose → two 3-C molecules 3. pyruvate B. ...
... B. Energy retrieval 1. strip away electrons from chemical bonds 2. oxidation of food molecules - cellular respiration - 2 step process (remove e- then use) II. Glycolysis (first step) - in cytoplasm A. Splitting of glucose 1. 9 enzyme-catalyzed reactions 2. glucose → two 3-C molecules 3. pyruvate B. ...
Citric Acid Cycle 1 - Indiana University
... 1. The net effect of the eight steps of the citric acid cycle is to A) completely oxidize an acetyl group to carbon dioxide. B) convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. C) produce a citrate molecule D) produce 8 ATP for every pass through the cycle. E) More than one of the above 2. The order of prosthetic g ...
... 1. The net effect of the eight steps of the citric acid cycle is to A) completely oxidize an acetyl group to carbon dioxide. B) convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. C) produce a citrate molecule D) produce 8 ATP for every pass through the cycle. E) More than one of the above 2. The order of prosthetic g ...
Citric Acid Cycle 1
... 1. The net effect of the eight steps of the citric acid cycle is to A) completely oxidize an acetyl group to carbon dioxide. B) convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. C) produce a citrate molecule D) produce 8 ATP for every pass through the cycle. E) More than one of the above 2. The order of prosthetic gr ...
... 1. The net effect of the eight steps of the citric acid cycle is to A) completely oxidize an acetyl group to carbon dioxide. B) convert pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. C) produce a citrate molecule D) produce 8 ATP for every pass through the cycle. E) More than one of the above 2. The order of prosthetic gr ...
anaplerotic (replenishing) reactions of the tca cycle - Sigma
... The TCA Cycle is the main source of energy for cells. However, half of the intermediates on which the cycle depends are also the origin of pathways leading to important metabolites such as fatty acids , amino acids or porphyrins. If any of these intermediates are thus diverted the integrity of the c ...
... The TCA Cycle is the main source of energy for cells. However, half of the intermediates on which the cycle depends are also the origin of pathways leading to important metabolites such as fatty acids , amino acids or porphyrins. If any of these intermediates are thus diverted the integrity of the c ...
Citric acid Cycle:
... a. Which way will this reaction go in standard condition, forward or backward? b. How does this reaction proceeds in forward direction? c. Calculate the G for this reaction in forward direction if concentration of oxaloacetate is 1x 10-8 M, malate 0.2 mM, and NAD+/NADH ratio in rat liver mitochondr ...
... a. Which way will this reaction go in standard condition, forward or backward? b. How does this reaction proceeds in forward direction? c. Calculate the G for this reaction in forward direction if concentration of oxaloacetate is 1x 10-8 M, malate 0.2 mM, and NAD+/NADH ratio in rat liver mitochondr ...
Exam 1 454 Study Guide
... Describe the mechanisms for NADH equivalents and other transport across the mitochondral membrane. Describe the relationship between the citric acid cycle and other metabolic pathways, e.g. gluconeogenesis and the glyoxalate cycle. Explain the meaning and significance of anapleurotic reactions ...
... Describe the mechanisms for NADH equivalents and other transport across the mitochondral membrane. Describe the relationship between the citric acid cycle and other metabolic pathways, e.g. gluconeogenesis and the glyoxalate cycle. Explain the meaning and significance of anapleurotic reactions ...
CHE 4310 Fall 2011
... 6. Show the three reactions in the citric acid cycle in which NADH is produced, including the structures. None of these reactions involves molecular oxygen (O2), but all three reactions are strongly inhibited by anaerobic conditions; explain why. ...
... 6. Show the three reactions in the citric acid cycle in which NADH is produced, including the structures. None of these reactions involves molecular oxygen (O2), but all three reactions are strongly inhibited by anaerobic conditions; explain why. ...
Slide 1
... In the presence of oxygen pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria where it enters the next major metabolic pathway for the production of ATP energy. The citric acid cycle. Aerobic. If there is no oxygen present then the pyruvate is converted to a substance called lactate. ...
... In the presence of oxygen pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria where it enters the next major metabolic pathway for the production of ATP energy. The citric acid cycle. Aerobic. If there is no oxygen present then the pyruvate is converted to a substance called lactate. ...
Metabolism Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions within an
... The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway for the aerobic oxidation of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein b ...
... The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway for the aerobic oxidation of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein b ...
The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
... the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate It enters the cycle and passes ten steps of reactions that yield energy and CO2 These reactions can only occur if oxygen is available and so are part aerobic cell respiration Prokaryotic cells – occurs in the cytoplasm Eukaryotic cells – occurs in th ...
... the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate It enters the cycle and passes ten steps of reactions that yield energy and CO2 These reactions can only occur if oxygen is available and so are part aerobic cell respiration Prokaryotic cells – occurs in the cytoplasm Eukaryotic cells – occurs in th ...
17 The Citric Acid Cycle: The latabolism of Acetyl
... oxaloacetate is needed to facilitate the conversion of a large quantity of acetyl units to CC>2, oxaloacetate may be considered to play a catalytic role. The ckric acid cycle is the mechanism by which much of the free energy liberated during the oxidation of carbohydrate, lipids, and amino acids is ...
... oxaloacetate is needed to facilitate the conversion of a large quantity of acetyl units to CC>2, oxaloacetate may be considered to play a catalytic role. The ckric acid cycle is the mechanism by which much of the free energy liberated during the oxidation of carbohydrate, lipids, and amino acids is ...
Harvesting energy (Chapter 7)
... Oxidation of pyruvate • Acetyl-CoA has a central role in metabolism • Not only are sugars broken down to acetyl-CoA, but fats are also broken down to it. In addition, some amino acids in proteins also get broken down into acetyl-CoA ...
... Oxidation of pyruvate • Acetyl-CoA has a central role in metabolism • Not only are sugars broken down to acetyl-CoA, but fats are also broken down to it. In addition, some amino acids in proteins also get broken down into acetyl-CoA ...
Chapter 12 (part 1) - University of Nevada, Reno
... • Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + Q + GDP + Pi +2 H20 HS-CoA + 3NADH + QH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 2 H+ ...
... • Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + Q + GDP + Pi +2 H20 HS-CoA + 3NADH + QH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 2 H+ ...
pptx
... – Citrate and succinyl-CoA act via product inhibition or competitive feedback inhibition – Levels of substrates OAA and acetyl-CoA determine activity of citrate synthase ...
... – Citrate and succinyl-CoA act via product inhibition or competitive feedback inhibition – Levels of substrates OAA and acetyl-CoA determine activity of citrate synthase ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.