Chapter 54
... on shading and soil nutrient availability in eastern North America; this affects the distribution of other plant species ...
... on shading and soil nutrient availability in eastern North America; this affects the distribution of other plant species ...
Duffy 2008 Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
... (Balvanera et al. 2006; Cardinale et al. 2006). These analyses revealed evidence that mixtures of species produce more biomass and use more resources, on average, than do single species. This pattern is surprisingly consistent across taxa, trophic levels, and habitats. Even within more realistic, mu ...
... (Balvanera et al. 2006; Cardinale et al. 2006). These analyses revealed evidence that mixtures of species produce more biomass and use more resources, on average, than do single species. This pattern is surprisingly consistent across taxa, trophic levels, and habitats. Even within more realistic, mu ...
Functional traits and remnant populations of plants in abandoned
... Many studies on biodiversity have been concerned with semi-natural grasslands, as they are the main remnants of the traditional agricultural landscape in Scandinavia. Species richness in these habitats is threatened by extinction, as habitat area decreases and is fragmented. However, development of ...
... Many studies on biodiversity have been concerned with semi-natural grasslands, as they are the main remnants of the traditional agricultural landscape in Scandinavia. Species richness in these habitats is threatened by extinction, as habitat area decreases and is fragmented. However, development of ...
Biodiversity: an introduction - European Commission
... abundance are known as keystone species. The niches and interactions of such species affect their ecosystem as a whole. Changes in the abundance and distribution of keystone species can thus have profound effects on the status of other species and indeed the pertaining ecosystem. ...
... abundance are known as keystone species. The niches and interactions of such species affect their ecosystem as a whole. Changes in the abundance and distribution of keystone species can thus have profound effects on the status of other species and indeed the pertaining ecosystem. ...
A patch-dynamic framework for food web metacommunities
... where each consumer species is either a specialist (i.e., has a single potential prey) or where the interactions between generalist consumers, and each of their resources are indistinguishable (all prey are interchangeable). We circumvent these limitations by presenting a framework that tracks the c ...
... where each consumer species is either a specialist (i.e., has a single potential prey) or where the interactions between generalist consumers, and each of their resources are indistinguishable (all prey are interchangeable). We circumvent these limitations by presenting a framework that tracks the c ...
Conservation Strategies for Species Affected by Apparent Competition
... management of species’ abundances, however, is a controversial topic for at least 3 reasons. First, those charged with the conservation of species may be hesitant to manage species’ abundances because of increasing public opposition to, for example, active control of native predators (Orians et al. ...
... management of species’ abundances, however, is a controversial topic for at least 3 reasons. First, those charged with the conservation of species may be hesitant to manage species’ abundances because of increasing public opposition to, for example, active control of native predators (Orians et al. ...
Habitat destruction and metacommunity size in pen
... patterns of species’ relative abundance. Studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between local abundance and regional distribution (Brown 1984; Gaston, Blackburn & Lawton 1997), so most species are believed to be on a continuum between locally rare and having narrow distributions to locall ...
... patterns of species’ relative abundance. Studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between local abundance and regional distribution (Brown 1984; Gaston, Blackburn & Lawton 1997), so most species are believed to be on a continuum between locally rare and having narrow distributions to locall ...
applying species diversity theory to land management
... scales, but it is often not clear how these ideas relate to one another, or how they apply across scales. Consequently, it has been difficult to use diversity theory as a basis for understanding patterns at the intermediate (landscape) scales at which biodiversity is managed. Here, we present a fram ...
... scales, but it is often not clear how these ideas relate to one another, or how they apply across scales. Consequently, it has been difficult to use diversity theory as a basis for understanding patterns at the intermediate (landscape) scales at which biodiversity is managed. Here, we present a fram ...
Effect of Reproductive Rate on Minimum Habitat Requirements of
... across species (Kareiva and Wennergren 1995, Bascompte and Sole 1996, Doncaster et al. 1996, Gibbs 1998, With and King 1999, Fahrig 2001; C. H. Flather, M. Bevers, E. Cam, J. Nichols, and J. Sauer, unpublished manuscript). Modeling studies suggest that it depends on landscape factors such as the qua ...
... across species (Kareiva and Wennergren 1995, Bascompte and Sole 1996, Doncaster et al. 1996, Gibbs 1998, With and King 1999, Fahrig 2001; C. H. Flather, M. Bevers, E. Cam, J. Nichols, and J. Sauer, unpublished manuscript). Modeling studies suggest that it depends on landscape factors such as the qua ...
Chapter 57 – Conservation Biology
... 1. If 99% of the species that ever existed are now extinct, why is there such concern over the extinction rates over the last several centuries? Answer—Although it is true that extinction is a natural part of the existence of a species, several pieces of evidence suggest that current rates of extinc ...
... 1. If 99% of the species that ever existed are now extinct, why is there such concern over the extinction rates over the last several centuries? Answer—Although it is true that extinction is a natural part of the existence of a species, several pieces of evidence suggest that current rates of extinc ...
An allometric approach to quantify the extinction vulnerability of
... non-carnivorous birds. Carnivorous mammals were found to have higher extinction risks than non- carnivores, while birds were more prone to extinction than mammals. These results are explained by the allometric relationships, predicting the vulnerable species groups to have lower intrinsic populati ...
... non-carnivorous birds. Carnivorous mammals were found to have higher extinction risks than non- carnivores, while birds were more prone to extinction than mammals. These results are explained by the allometric relationships, predicting the vulnerable species groups to have lower intrinsic populati ...
Evidence for the Role of Infectious Disease in Species Extinction
... Threatened and Endangered Species and literature indexed in the ISI Web of Science to assess the role of infectious disease in global species loss. Infectious disease was listed as a contributing factor in <4% of species extinctions known to have occurred since 1500 (833 plants and animals) and as c ...
... Threatened and Endangered Species and literature indexed in the ISI Web of Science to assess the role of infectious disease in global species loss. Infectious disease was listed as a contributing factor in <4% of species extinctions known to have occurred since 1500 (833 plants and animals) and as c ...
introduction to invasive alien species
... about 150 years ago. It has gradually spread from port areas in eastern and southern Africa ever since. They are now found from Cairo to Cape Town and most urban areas and many rural areas in between. In East Africa it has slowly moved inland from the coast and is still spreading westwards. For exam ...
... about 150 years ago. It has gradually spread from port areas in eastern and southern Africa ever since. They are now found from Cairo to Cape Town and most urban areas and many rural areas in between. In East Africa it has slowly moved inland from the coast and is still spreading westwards. For exam ...
Teacher: Jeannie Sparks Grade: 12th e. Science For the Week of
... cycles and evaluate the effects of abiotic factors on the local ecosystem. ...
... cycles and evaluate the effects of abiotic factors on the local ecosystem. ...
Impact of biodiversity loss on production in
... understanding of these for large marine ecosystems (LME) remains vague13. Direct experimental studies in large ecosystems are prohibitive and the interpretation of comparative analyses in this context, including the problem of controlling for confounding variables, is an issue of ongoing debate4,6,1 ...
... understanding of these for large marine ecosystems (LME) remains vague13. Direct experimental studies in large ecosystems are prohibitive and the interpretation of comparative analyses in this context, including the problem of controlling for confounding variables, is an issue of ongoing debate4,6,1 ...
Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate
... and short-faced bears disappeared at 35.4 and 24.8 kyr BP, respectively. A coalescence analysis of DNA sequences suggests that bison populations began to decline in size in Beringia at roughly this time (e.g., 35–40 kyr BP) and attributed bison demise to climate change rather than human impacts (Sha ...
... and short-faced bears disappeared at 35.4 and 24.8 kyr BP, respectively. A coalescence analysis of DNA sequences suggests that bison populations began to decline in size in Beringia at roughly this time (e.g., 35–40 kyr BP) and attributed bison demise to climate change rather than human impacts (Sha ...
How research on phylogenetic diversity and evolution can
... “mobilized” taxonomy/systematics: 1. Ramping up efforts to discover and name species 2. At the same time, finding better ways to do bestpossible assessments and decision-making with the taxonomic and other data that is available at any given time You can protect what you don’t know... ...
... “mobilized” taxonomy/systematics: 1. Ramping up efforts to discover and name species 2. At the same time, finding better ways to do bestpossible assessments and decision-making with the taxonomic and other data that is available at any given time You can protect what you don’t know... ...
Chapter-9-Wildlife-Biology-and-Management
... • Habitat destruction occurs as a result of many human activities – Construction, farming, mining, timber harvesting, and pollution ...
... • Habitat destruction occurs as a result of many human activities – Construction, farming, mining, timber harvesting, and pollution ...
On the integration of biotic interaction and
... Finally, species are not isolated, they are embedded within complex networks of ecological interactions. While interactions define community ecology, they are less informative for biogeography (Peterson 2003). Theory predicts that interactions in small community modules (2–4 species) should influenc ...
... Finally, species are not isolated, they are embedded within complex networks of ecological interactions. While interactions define community ecology, they are less informative for biogeography (Peterson 2003). Theory predicts that interactions in small community modules (2–4 species) should influenc ...
1 What is biodiversity?
... and viruses also remain largely unexamined. Many of the species occurring on the island doubtless have associated parasites, but these also are mostly unknown. Indeed, there is a total of more than 500 species inhabiting Marion Island (Fig. 1.1). Each of these species embraces a diverse range of evo ...
... and viruses also remain largely unexamined. Many of the species occurring on the island doubtless have associated parasites, but these also are mostly unknown. Indeed, there is a total of more than 500 species inhabiting Marion Island (Fig. 1.1). Each of these species embraces a diverse range of evo ...
Experimental Zoogeography of Islands
... colonist. This definition says nothing about whether food and a breeding site exist; a species whose propagule lands on one of our islands is a colonist even if it is doomed to quick extinction for purely physical reasons (e.g., the absence of a suitable nest site in the Rhizophora for a given speci ...
... colonist. This definition says nothing about whether food and a breeding site exist; a species whose propagule lands on one of our islands is a colonist even if it is doomed to quick extinction for purely physical reasons (e.g., the absence of a suitable nest site in the Rhizophora for a given speci ...
University of Groningen The Serengeti food web de Visser
... 3. We study the topological changes in this food web that result from the simulated IUCN-based species-loss sequence representing current species vulnerability to human disturbances in and around this savanna ecosystem. We then compare this realistic extinction scenario with other extinction sequenc ...
... 3. We study the topological changes in this food web that result from the simulated IUCN-based species-loss sequence representing current species vulnerability to human disturbances in and around this savanna ecosystem. We then compare this realistic extinction scenario with other extinction sequenc ...
Assisted colonization as a climate change adaptation tool
... disturbance regimes and changes to soil, hydrological and other conditions, altering both biotic and abiotic interactions (Fischer & Lindenmayer 2007). In addition, these modified habitats generally preclude effective species migration and gene flow by fragmenting populations among a matrix of land- ...
... disturbance regimes and changes to soil, hydrological and other conditions, altering both biotic and abiotic interactions (Fischer & Lindenmayer 2007). In addition, these modified habitats generally preclude effective species migration and gene flow by fragmenting populations among a matrix of land- ...
Leibold et al. 2004
... communities where isolation at certain spatial scales and habitat area has been shown to influence species diversity, although other community properties have not been studied as extensively. Similarly, ponds and lakes often have biotas that are strongly bounded by terrestrial habitat, but again the ...
... communities where isolation at certain spatial scales and habitat area has been shown to influence species diversity, although other community properties have not been studied as extensively. Similarly, ponds and lakes often have biotas that are strongly bounded by terrestrial habitat, but again the ...
The metacommunity concept
... communities where isolation at certain spatial scales and habitat area has been shown to influence species diversity, although other community properties have not been studied as extensively. Similarly, ponds and lakes often have biotas that are strongly bounded by terrestrial habitat, but again the ...
... communities where isolation at certain spatial scales and habitat area has been shown to influence species diversity, although other community properties have not been studied as extensively. Similarly, ponds and lakes often have biotas that are strongly bounded by terrestrial habitat, but again the ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.