DOC - Europa.eu
... rates. Many ecosystems are degraded to the point where they are no longer able to deliver the wide variety of services we depend on – from clean air and water to pollination of crops and protection from floods. This degradation represents enormous social and economics losses for the EU. Insect polli ...
... rates. Many ecosystems are degraded to the point where they are no longer able to deliver the wide variety of services we depend on – from clean air and water to pollination of crops and protection from floods. This degradation represents enormous social and economics losses for the EU. Insect polli ...
Introduction to Biodiversity - Ministry of Environment and Forests
... oceans. India consists of fertile river plains and high plateaus and several major rivers, including the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Indus. The climate of India is determined by the southwest monsoon between June and October, the northeast monsoon between October and November and dry northern winds betw ...
... oceans. India consists of fertile river plains and high plateaus and several major rivers, including the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Indus. The climate of India is determined by the southwest monsoon between June and October, the northeast monsoon between October and November and dry northern winds betw ...
How humans drive speciation as well as extinction
... which different species are delimited. Speciation occurs when a lineage splits into multiple reproductively isolated, genetically distinct sub-populations (cladogenesis), but vagueness in species delimitation means that there is grey area between sub-populations that have developed slightly differen ...
... which different species are delimited. Speciation occurs when a lineage splits into multiple reproductively isolated, genetically distinct sub-populations (cladogenesis), but vagueness in species delimitation means that there is grey area between sub-populations that have developed slightly differen ...
“Extinction/Endangered Species”
... zebras was discovered, the Quagga Project was started by Reinhold Rau in South Africa to recreate the quagga by selective breeding from plains zebra stock, with the eventual aim of reintroducing them to the wild. This type of breeding is also called breeding back. In early 2006, it was reported that ...
... zebras was discovered, the Quagga Project was started by Reinhold Rau in South Africa to recreate the quagga by selective breeding from plains zebra stock, with the eventual aim of reintroducing them to the wild. This type of breeding is also called breeding back. In early 2006, it was reported that ...
Dan Cogălniceanu • Biodiversity
... apparently unrelated, are all the result of our unfair, unsustainable way of life. History offers many examples of human societies that made major changes to their environment. They had to adapt to the changes they made by altering the patterns of their societies, or disappear. This has happened in ...
... apparently unrelated, are all the result of our unfair, unsustainable way of life. History offers many examples of human societies that made major changes to their environment. They had to adapt to the changes they made by altering the patterns of their societies, or disappear. This has happened in ...
Critical reading questions - College of Biological Sciences
... Figure 1. Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) breaching in Monterey Bay, Service (FWS). Threats were categorized CA. Humpbacks are listed as endangered under the ESA and vulnerable by the IUCN. as “known” (historical or ongoing) or “potential” (uncertain or future), as indiFisheries Department 2 ...
... Figure 1. Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) breaching in Monterey Bay, Service (FWS). Threats were categorized CA. Humpbacks are listed as endangered under the ESA and vulnerable by the IUCN. as “known” (historical or ongoing) or “potential” (uncertain or future), as indiFisheries Department 2 ...
Limits to evolution at range margins: when and why does adaptation
... variance is assumed to be constant across the entire range. In reality, however, the amount of segregating variance evolves under the joint effects of migration, mutation and selection. Importantly, migration among populations with different trait means increases genetic variance and so facilitates ...
... variance is assumed to be constant across the entire range. In reality, however, the amount of segregating variance evolves under the joint effects of migration, mutation and selection. Importantly, migration among populations with different trait means increases genetic variance and so facilitates ...
Biology Ch05
... traits that might be needed to improve commercial crop species. Scientists continue to find new extracts from plants and other organisms that help in the treatment of human diseases. ...
... traits that might be needed to improve commercial crop species. Scientists continue to find new extracts from plants and other organisms that help in the treatment of human diseases. ...
Pimm_pages 1..10 - Department of Geographical Sciences
... cichlid fishes in Africa’s Lake Victoria (36) Studies of modern extinction rates typically do not address the rate of generic extinctions, but direct comparisons to fossils are possible. For mammals, the rate is ~100 extinctions of genera per million genera years (13) and ~60 extinctions for birds ( ...
... cichlid fishes in Africa’s Lake Victoria (36) Studies of modern extinction rates typically do not address the rate of generic extinctions, but direct comparisons to fossils are possible. For mammals, the rate is ~100 extinctions of genera per million genera years (13) and ~60 extinctions for birds ( ...
Evolution: the source of Earth`s biodiversity Genetic variation
... • Extinction is irreversible: once a species is lost, it is lost forever • Humans profoundly affect rates of extinction • Extinction occurs when the environment changes too rapidly for natural selection to keep up • Many other factors also cause extinction - Severe weather - New species - Specialize ...
... • Extinction is irreversible: once a species is lost, it is lost forever • Humans profoundly affect rates of extinction • Extinction occurs when the environment changes too rapidly for natural selection to keep up • Many other factors also cause extinction - Severe weather - New species - Specialize ...
Colony–colony interactions between highly invasive ants
... behavioural interactions (Cerdá, Arnan, & Retana, 2013). In the case of interactions between multiple invasive ant species, this is not possible because they usually do not co-occur in the same areas yet, although they may interact in the future. To circumvent this difficulty, studies have used beha ...
... behavioural interactions (Cerdá, Arnan, & Retana, 2013). In the case of interactions between multiple invasive ant species, this is not possible because they usually do not co-occur in the same areas yet, although they may interact in the future. To circumvent this difficulty, studies have used beha ...
![Conservation biology as a profession[edit]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000226038_1-05c49ceb5ea1e28cf988051086edd157-300x300.png)
Conservation biology as a profession[edit]
... closely to ecology in researching the dispersal, migration, demographics, effective population size, inbreeding depression, and minimum population viability of rare or endangered species.[12] To better understand the restoration ecology of native plant and animal communities, the conservation biolog ...
... closely to ecology in researching the dispersal, migration, demographics, effective population size, inbreeding depression, and minimum population viability of rare or endangered species.[12] To better understand the restoration ecology of native plant and animal communities, the conservation biolog ...
species - TavistockCollegeScience
... Large proportion of species on earth have not been named. Many species are undiscovered – or known, but not yet named Estimate of total number of species - 5 million to 100 million – recent estimates - 14 million. Discrepancies in estimates due to: •Different techniques used to make estimates •Lack ...
... Large proportion of species on earth have not been named. Many species are undiscovered – or known, but not yet named Estimate of total number of species - 5 million to 100 million – recent estimates - 14 million. Discrepancies in estimates due to: •Different techniques used to make estimates •Lack ...
Chapter 12 Communities and Populations Worksheets
... Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. 1. The population is the unit of natural selection and ____________. 2. The purpose of migration usually is to find food, mates, or other ____________. 3. Species that live in ____________ environments are likely to be K-selected. 4. Population ___________ ...
... Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. 1. The population is the unit of natural selection and ____________. 2. The purpose of migration usually is to find food, mates, or other ____________. 3. Species that live in ____________ environments are likely to be K-selected. 4. Population ___________ ...
Food web structure and the evolution of ecological communities
... system itself may be inherently unstable and subject to large scale avalanches of extinctions (Bak & Sneppen, 1993; Solé et al. 1997). Theoretical models of macro-evolution and extinction have been reviewed recently by Drossel (2001). It is not surprising that changes in the non-living environment ...
... system itself may be inherently unstable and subject to large scale avalanches of extinctions (Bak & Sneppen, 1993; Solé et al. 1997). Theoretical models of macro-evolution and extinction have been reviewed recently by Drossel (2001). It is not surprising that changes in the non-living environment ...
... fungi). While each of the individual physical and biological processes plays a role, ultimately it is the integrated sum of the processes, the environment’s invasibility, that is the local driver of diversity. The primary effect of an environment’s invasibility on local diversity is as a filter of ...
Saving the World`s Terrestrial Megafauna
... some species show resilience by adapting to new scenarios under certain conditions (Chapron et al. 2014), livestock production, human population growth, and cumulative land-use impacts can trigger new conflicts or exacerbate existing ones, leading to additional declines. According to the Food and A ...
... some species show resilience by adapting to new scenarios under certain conditions (Chapron et al. 2014), livestock production, human population growth, and cumulative land-use impacts can trigger new conflicts or exacerbate existing ones, leading to additional declines. According to the Food and A ...
NotesChapter7
... PVA may be used to: estimate the extinction probability for a population (Caughley & Gunn 1996, Coulson et al. 2001, Pullin 2002, Wikipedia Contributors 2006c); determine the minimum viable population (Begon et al. 1996, Cox 1997); determine minimum reserve size (Caughley & Gunn 1996) – the area nee ...
... PVA may be used to: estimate the extinction probability for a population (Caughley & Gunn 1996, Coulson et al. 2001, Pullin 2002, Wikipedia Contributors 2006c); determine the minimum viable population (Begon et al. 1996, Cox 1997); determine minimum reserve size (Caughley & Gunn 1996) – the area nee ...
How similar can co-occurring species be in the presence of
... that determine the identity and number of species and their relative abundances in any given set of geographical locations across space and time. Ecological communities result from a number of processes occurring at different spatiotemporal scales. New species arise vía speciation and immigration. S ...
... that determine the identity and number of species and their relative abundances in any given set of geographical locations across space and time. Ecological communities result from a number of processes occurring at different spatiotemporal scales. New species arise vía speciation and immigration. S ...
Kappel (2005) - the Biology Department
... Figure 1. Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) breaching in Monterey Bay, Service (FWS). Threats were categorized CA. Humpbacks are listed as endangered under the ESA and vulnerable by the IUCN. as “known” (historical or ongoing) or “potential” (uncertain or future), as indiFisheries Department 2 ...
... Figure 1. Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) breaching in Monterey Bay, Service (FWS). Threats were categorized CA. Humpbacks are listed as endangered under the ESA and vulnerable by the IUCN. as “known” (historical or ongoing) or “potential” (uncertain or future), as indiFisheries Department 2 ...
mainstreaming biodiversity
... • A total of 103 species of mammals were threatened with extinction in the ESCWA region in 2006, representing 17 per cent of the region’s species of mammals, registering an increase of 49 per cent since 2002. • A total of 145 species of birds were threatened with extinction in the ESCWA region in ...
... • A total of 103 species of mammals were threatened with extinction in the ESCWA region in 2006, representing 17 per cent of the region’s species of mammals, registering an increase of 49 per cent since 2002. • A total of 145 species of birds were threatened with extinction in the ESCWA region in ...
Benefits of biodiversity
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Bandicoots - E602S22010
... There are several species of Bandicoot around Australia, and although they can be seen during the day are generally nocturnal. Bandicoots are small creatures only about the size of a rat and eat small insects and plants. Several of the Bandicoots around Australia include the Eastern Barred Bandicoot ...
... There are several species of Bandicoot around Australia, and although they can be seen during the day are generally nocturnal. Bandicoots are small creatures only about the size of a rat and eat small insects and plants. Several of the Bandicoots around Australia include the Eastern Barred Bandicoot ...
Sinking ships: conservation options for endemic taxa threatened by
... Yet, significant genetic variation in quantitative traits alone will not guarantee a species’ ability to adapt to changes in climate, because some species may have low fecundity and/or low heritability for specific combinations of quantitative traits needed to withstand climatic change (Etterson 200 ...
... Yet, significant genetic variation in quantitative traits alone will not guarantee a species’ ability to adapt to changes in climate, because some species may have low fecundity and/or low heritability for specific combinations of quantitative traits needed to withstand climatic change (Etterson 200 ...
Chap 5 APES
... Earth has had several mass extinctions • Background extinction rate –the average rate of extinction that occurred before the appearance of humans • Fossil record indicates that for both bird and mammals one species in the world typically becomes extinct every 500-1000 years or • One to five species ...
... Earth has had several mass extinctions • Background extinction rate –the average rate of extinction that occurred before the appearance of humans • Fossil record indicates that for both bird and mammals one species in the world typically becomes extinct every 500-1000 years or • One to five species ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.