Species diversity: from global decreases to local
... Many ecologists and evolutionary biologists expect global diversity to decrease dramatically in the years ahead, likening these reductions to the mass extinction events that occurred in past geological eras [1– 4]. Some projections estimate that more than half of current species could become extinct ...
... Many ecologists and evolutionary biologists expect global diversity to decrease dramatically in the years ahead, likening these reductions to the mass extinction events that occurred in past geological eras [1– 4]. Some projections estimate that more than half of current species could become extinct ...
PART
... 1. Rates of speciation on average slightly exceed rates of extinction. 2. Approximately 99% of all species that have ever lived are extinct. 3. Speciation rates represent an ongoing process of geographic expansion of populations followed by geographic fragmentation. 4. Speciation rates vary greatly ...
... 1. Rates of speciation on average slightly exceed rates of extinction. 2. Approximately 99% of all species that have ever lived are extinct. 3. Speciation rates represent an ongoing process of geographic expansion of populations followed by geographic fragmentation. 4. Speciation rates vary greatly ...
The Business of Biodiversity - Wentworth Group of Concerned
... edge species that are generally common elsewhere, the emphasis may have shifted to option 1. In the 1990s the notion of conserving a representative sample of habitats gained popularity. This philosophy underpins vegetation clearance legislation in some states and was a fundamental plank of the Regio ...
... edge species that are generally common elsewhere, the emphasis may have shifted to option 1. In the 1990s the notion of conserving a representative sample of habitats gained popularity. This philosophy underpins vegetation clearance legislation in some states and was a fundamental plank of the Regio ...
Origin matters: alien consumers inflict greater damage on prey
... that examined predator–prey interactions among terrestrial vertebrates, Salo et al. (2007) found that alien predators had twice the impact of native predators. They acknowledge that their results may have been influenced by strong impacts recorded in Australia – an isolated region with few large nat ...
... that examined predator–prey interactions among terrestrial vertebrates, Salo et al. (2007) found that alien predators had twice the impact of native predators. They acknowledge that their results may have been influenced by strong impacts recorded in Australia – an isolated region with few large nat ...
Why are there so many species in the tropics?
... There is, however, one natural feature of this country, the interest and grandeur of which may be fully appreciated in a single walk: it is the ‘virgin forest’. Here no one who has any feeling of the magnificent and the sublime can be disappointed; the sombre shade, scarce illumined by a single dire ...
... There is, however, one natural feature of this country, the interest and grandeur of which may be fully appreciated in a single walk: it is the ‘virgin forest’. Here no one who has any feeling of the magnificent and the sublime can be disappointed; the sombre shade, scarce illumined by a single dire ...
Keystone species and food webs - Philosophical Transactions of the
... terms that makes objective studies more difficult. All of them acknowledge that there is a need for clarifying the most important species in ecosystems. Although, we should also delineate a difference between species that are important for nature (e.g. for maintaining ecosystem functions) and specie ...
... terms that makes objective studies more difficult. All of them acknowledge that there is a need for clarifying the most important species in ecosystems. Although, we should also delineate a difference between species that are important for nature (e.g. for maintaining ecosystem functions) and specie ...
Effect of Parity on Productivity and Sustainability of
... bottom up forces, where the populations are resource limited by the lowestlevel species. An example of bottom up control occurs in aquatic ecosystems in temperate climate zones. The phytoplankton in the water grow rapidly during the spring when sunlight increases and the water is nutrient rich from ...
... bottom up forces, where the populations are resource limited by the lowestlevel species. An example of bottom up control occurs in aquatic ecosystems in temperate climate zones. The phytoplankton in the water grow rapidly during the spring when sunlight increases and the water is nutrient rich from ...
- Wiley Online Library
... et al. 2013, p. 432). Pleistocene rewilding seeks to restore ecosystems to pre-human conditions, and its main underlying assumption is that humans were responsible for the extinction of many large-bodied organisms in the late Pleistocene (Donlan et al. 2006). We considered only relatively large, ver ...
... et al. 2013, p. 432). Pleistocene rewilding seeks to restore ecosystems to pre-human conditions, and its main underlying assumption is that humans were responsible for the extinction of many large-bodied organisms in the late Pleistocene (Donlan et al. 2006). We considered only relatively large, ver ...
The Marsupial Lion (Thylacoleo carnifex)
... it is a tree climbing creature similar to Panthera leo. Finch has stated: “…was large and heavy and did not have the well developed subscapularis minor muscles needed to resist the anterior pull on the scapula during climbing” (1988, p270-271). The dental morphology gives significant clues to the di ...
... it is a tree climbing creature similar to Panthera leo. Finch has stated: “…was large and heavy and did not have the well developed subscapularis minor muscles needed to resist the anterior pull on the scapula during climbing” (1988, p270-271). The dental morphology gives significant clues to the di ...
Biological Diversity
... Before high-density European settlement of the region, the sheep could move freely and sometimes migrated from one mountain to another by descending into the valleys and crossing them in the winter. In this way, large numbers of sheep interbred. With the development of cattle ranches and other human ...
... Before high-density European settlement of the region, the sheep could move freely and sometimes migrated from one mountain to another by descending into the valleys and crossing them in the winter. In this way, large numbers of sheep interbred. With the development of cattle ranches and other human ...
video slide - CARNES AP BIO
... • Genetic diversity comprises – The genetic variation within a population ...
... • Genetic diversity comprises – The genetic variation within a population ...
ThemeGallery PowerTemplate
... extinction. They may have been unable to coexist because both fed on bacteria floating in the medium. P. caudatum and P. bursaria were able to coexist, although they were clearly in competition— the carrying capacity of both species was ...
... extinction. They may have been unable to coexist because both fed on bacteria floating in the medium. P. caudatum and P. bursaria were able to coexist, although they were clearly in competition— the carrying capacity of both species was ...
Threatened Species Conservation Regulation 2010
... characteristics of its component species: (a) for critically endangered ecological communities—a very large reduction in ecological function, or (b) for endangered ecological communities—a large reduction in ecological function, or (c) for vulnerable ecological communities—a moderate reduction in ec ...
... characteristics of its component species: (a) for critically endangered ecological communities—a very large reduction in ecological function, or (b) for endangered ecological communities—a large reduction in ecological function, or (c) for vulnerable ecological communities—a moderate reduction in ec ...
The Extinction of the Glaucus Macaw
... the eye. The information on location and the establishment of cattle may not seem overly important, but when this information is combined with studies of populations of Hyacinth and Lear's Macaws the mystery begins to unravel. From an ecological point of view, the Andorhynchus macaws can be consider ...
... the eye. The information on location and the establishment of cattle may not seem overly important, but when this information is combined with studies of populations of Hyacinth and Lear's Macaws the mystery begins to unravel. From an ecological point of view, the Andorhynchus macaws can be consider ...
How many parasites? - Princeton University
... species than do those in temperate zones (23–25), whereas tropical fish species have less diverse gut parasites than do their temperate counterparts (26, 27). The monogeneans predominantly live on the skin and gills of fish and are either transmitted directly by physical contact between hosts (in th ...
... species than do those in temperate zones (23–25), whereas tropical fish species have less diverse gut parasites than do their temperate counterparts (26, 27). The monogeneans predominantly live on the skin and gills of fish and are either transmitted directly by physical contact between hosts (in th ...
Beaver reintroduction in Hungary
... Nowadays, alarmed by the global decrease in biodiversity, conservation experts all over the world are launching reintroduction and propagation projects to assist the survival of certain species or restore damaged ecosystems. The first beaver reintroduction project started in 1922 in Sweden. More tha ...
... Nowadays, alarmed by the global decrease in biodiversity, conservation experts all over the world are launching reintroduction and propagation projects to assist the survival of certain species or restore damaged ecosystems. The first beaver reintroduction project started in 1922 in Sweden. More tha ...
Rutgers Model United Nations 4 - Institute for Domestic and
... and building materials and unsustainable production practices may result in the extinction of these species. This convention responded to the potential extinction of various internationally traded species. Currently, its three appendices protect over thirty thousand species.8 It implements a series ...
... and building materials and unsustainable production practices may result in the extinction of these species. This convention responded to the potential extinction of various internationally traded species. Currently, its three appendices protect over thirty thousand species.8 It implements a series ...
Genetics in conservation management: Revised recommendations
... (Flather et al., 2011), but the alternative is usually unscientific conservation decisions made at the political and bureaucratic levels, especially in poorer countries and for non-charismatic species (Brook et al., 2011). The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN ...
... (Flather et al., 2011), but the alternative is usually unscientific conservation decisions made at the political and bureaucratic levels, especially in poorer countries and for non-charismatic species (Brook et al., 2011). The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN ...
Predicting distributions of species richness and species size in
... habitat disturbance level over time was more rapid and more extensive than the increase in habitat fertility, owing especially to widespread and persistent disturbances from human activities. If we assume, therefore, that habitats with very high disturbance have greater historical commonness than ha ...
... habitat disturbance level over time was more rapid and more extensive than the increase in habitat fertility, owing especially to widespread and persistent disturbances from human activities. If we assume, therefore, that habitats with very high disturbance have greater historical commonness than ha ...
Speciation
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
MacArthur and Wilson`s Radical Theory
... develop that include ecological drift as well as niche differences among species. However, regardless of the form that future ecological theories ultimately take, it will no longer be acceptable for these theories to ignore ecological drift. I begin with a brief review and critique of the original t ...
... develop that include ecological drift as well as niche differences among species. However, regardless of the form that future ecological theories ultimately take, it will no longer be acceptable for these theories to ignore ecological drift. I begin with a brief review and critique of the original t ...
Community Ecology
... on shading and soil nutrient availability in eastern North America; this affects the distribution of other plant species ...
... on shading and soil nutrient availability in eastern North America; this affects the distribution of other plant species ...
Chapter 54
... on shading and soil nutrient availability in eastern North America; this affects the distribution of other plant species ...
... on shading and soil nutrient availability in eastern North America; this affects the distribution of other plant species ...
ppt - eweb.furman.edu
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
... - How/why is a new adaptive zone colonized? 1. Evolve a new way of life that allows the organism to use new resources, or old resources in a new way (adaptations to land… adaptations for flight…) 2. Colonize an uninhabited area (islands) – these are “ecological vacuums”, too… 3. Be released from com ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.