... and from listening to Democritus one may wonder whether physicists really understand their own science, or if they only have a long but superficial familiarity with it. They never have in their minds that absolutely clear image Democritus described; they may well have a partial one, a perception of o ...
- Philsci-Archive
... antirealist with respect to theories. Thus Bohr referred to the state vector or the wave function as a symbolic representation. Usually symbolic language stands in contrast to literal language. Bohr associated the latter form of representation with what can be visualized in space and time. Quantum s ...
... antirealist with respect to theories. Thus Bohr referred to the state vector or the wave function as a symbolic representation. Usually symbolic language stands in contrast to literal language. Bohr associated the latter form of representation with what can be visualized in space and time. Quantum s ...
Altruistic emotional motivation: An argument in
... either, provided these motives are mediate objects of a primary self-directed motive. PE allows for sincere desires to help a person in need, but these desires can only be instrumental; they must be considered the best way to achieve a personal good – for example a fine reputation. In other words, o ...
... either, provided these motives are mediate objects of a primary self-directed motive. PE allows for sincere desires to help a person in need, but these desires can only be instrumental; they must be considered the best way to achieve a personal good – for example a fine reputation. In other words, o ...
Normative Ethics, Normative Epistemology, and Quine`s Holism
... independent course of observable nature, we can judge the morality of an act only by our moral standards themselves; adding that science \"thanks to its links with observation, retains some title to a correspondence theory of truth; but a coherence theory is evidently the lot of ethics\".15 However, ...
... independent course of observable nature, we can judge the morality of an act only by our moral standards themselves; adding that science \"thanks to its links with observation, retains some title to a correspondence theory of truth; but a coherence theory is evidently the lot of ethics\".15 However, ...
quine - University of St Andrews
... meaning – viz. those, that are true purely in virtue of the meaning of the so-called logical constants (`’, `’, `’, …) in them. ...
... meaning – viz. those, that are true purely in virtue of the meaning of the so-called logical constants (`’, `’, `’, …) in them. ...
A Triune Philosophy of Mathematics
... Is math discovered or invented? In all my non-traditional education as well as traditional community college and graduate studies and then continuing into the first eight years of my professional work, I don’t once recall having asked myself the question, “Where does math come from?” But while this ...
... Is math discovered or invented? In all my non-traditional education as well as traditional community college and graduate studies and then continuing into the first eight years of my professional work, I don’t once recall having asked myself the question, “Where does math come from?” But while this ...
![5. Conformism and analytic philosophy[11]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/010608543_1-2a375a9a0e2d6c15f2d5536910ce60fd-300x300.png)
5. Conformism and analytic philosophy[11]
... bringing these paradigms before the mind was not to provide an occasion for critical reflection, but merely to provide models to be imitated. It is against this backdrop, Havelock argues, that we are to understand the direction philosophy took in its early years, from the pre-Socratics through Plato ...
... bringing these paradigms before the mind was not to provide an occasion for critical reflection, but merely to provide models to be imitated. It is against this backdrop, Havelock argues, that we are to understand the direction philosophy took in its early years, from the pre-Socratics through Plato ...
Metaphysics as the First Philosophy
... this may not be the most plausible manner to interpret Aristotle’s views on ontological dependence. Indeed, Aristotle himself was not unaware of the various ways that ontological dependence could manifest itself (Corkum 2008, 75). So, although Aristotle can sometimes be seen to use a modal character ...
... this may not be the most plausible manner to interpret Aristotle’s views on ontological dependence. Indeed, Aristotle himself was not unaware of the various ways that ontological dependence could manifest itself (Corkum 2008, 75). So, although Aristotle can sometimes be seen to use a modal character ...
Science and Spirituality - Spiritual Heritage Education Network Inc.
... spirituality that provides the much sought-after portability of values. My discussions with the university students of Indian origin at the University of Waterloo were along these lines, and the questions they raised greatly helped me to clarify my own thinking on science and religion and many allie ...
... spirituality that provides the much sought-after portability of values. My discussions with the university students of Indian origin at the University of Waterloo were along these lines, and the questions they raised greatly helped me to clarify my own thinking on science and religion and many allie ...
Arthur`s Bentley obstinate philosophy
... would not spare my best friend if his slaughter seemed important for what I was trying to do» (cited in Ryan 1997: 780-781). Arthur Fisher Bentley, philosopher, political and social scientist, whom John Dewey considered as «one of the most genial men I’ve ever known» (cited ibid. 780), was born in 1 ...
... would not spare my best friend if his slaughter seemed important for what I was trying to do» (cited in Ryan 1997: 780-781). Arthur Fisher Bentley, philosopher, political and social scientist, whom John Dewey considered as «one of the most genial men I’ve ever known» (cited ibid. 780), was born in 1 ...
Carl F. Craver, Explaining what? Review of explaining the brain
... have labeled factivity as the requirement that an account of explanation distinguish ‘‘loosely constrained conjectures’’ from ‘‘real components, activities, and organizational features’’ (p. 112), and describes these as two ends of a spectrum on which lie various ‘‘how-plausibly models’’, models whi ...
... have labeled factivity as the requirement that an account of explanation distinguish ‘‘loosely constrained conjectures’’ from ‘‘real components, activities, and organizational features’’ (p. 112), and describes these as two ends of a spectrum on which lie various ‘‘how-plausibly models’’, models whi ...
Behold the Non-Rabbit: Kant, Quine, Laruelle
... examine the way in which these concepts are intertwined in the work of three very different philosophers. More precisely, I will be fore grounding the theme of individuation but only in order to use it as a lens through which to focus on the way in which the relation between theory and experience is ...
... examine the way in which these concepts are intertwined in the work of three very different philosophers. More precisely, I will be fore grounding the theme of individuation but only in order to use it as a lens through which to focus on the way in which the relation between theory and experience is ...
1 The Aristotelian Method and Aristotelian Metaphysics
... confuse us. Quite simply, ‘affections of the soul’ are thoughts, or, if you like, propositions, whether or not they have been uttered. So, Aristotle suggests that while these propositions can be uttered in a number of ways, say in different languages, the correspondence relation from ‘affections of ...
... confuse us. Quite simply, ‘affections of the soul’ are thoughts, or, if you like, propositions, whether or not they have been uttered. So, Aristotle suggests that while these propositions can be uttered in a number of ways, say in different languages, the correspondence relation from ‘affections of ...
1 - Valpo Blogs
... Nor am I convinced that this is a straightforward matter of equivocation. There must be some difference in meaning between the two propositions, of course, but equivocation is usually understood to involve a difference in the meanings of individual terms or concepts, and I’m not sure that an adequat ...
... Nor am I convinced that this is a straightforward matter of equivocation. There must be some difference in meaning between the two propositions, of course, but equivocation is usually understood to involve a difference in the meanings of individual terms or concepts, and I’m not sure that an adequat ...
the liberalism of karl popper
... giving a list of candidate sociological laws or hypotheses, he goes on to remark: “Nothing is here assumed about the strength of the available evidence in favour of these hypotheses, whose formulations certainly leave much room for improvement.”25 Dr Freeman has rightly emphasized that it is an inex ...
... giving a list of candidate sociological laws or hypotheses, he goes on to remark: “Nothing is here assumed about the strength of the available evidence in favour of these hypotheses, whose formulations certainly leave much room for improvement.”25 Dr Freeman has rightly emphasized that it is an inex ...
Semantic Paradoxes and Abductive Methodology The Relevance of the Liar University Press)
... come to the semantic paradoxes. Suppose that we are confronted with a Liar-like derivation of an absurd conclusion. We want a diagnosis which tells us where the derivation goes wrong. Roughly speaking, we want to know which step goes from true to false, or at least to untrue (this is only rough, in ...
... come to the semantic paradoxes. Suppose that we are confronted with a Liar-like derivation of an absurd conclusion. We want a diagnosis which tells us where the derivation goes wrong. Roughly speaking, we want to know which step goes from true to false, or at least to untrue (this is only rough, in ...
Offensive Political Theory - Department of Political Science
... them to decide whether to publish articles. Its book review editors use them to decide whether a title should be sent out for review in those journals. Its departments use them to decide whether someone’s work counts as political science and thus that they are worth hiring or promoting.16 If it were ...
... them to decide whether to publish articles. Its book review editors use them to decide whether a title should be sent out for review in those journals. Its departments use them to decide whether someone’s work counts as political science and thus that they are worth hiring or promoting.16 If it were ...
PDF
... can be relevant to theoretical reasoning, namely, by being relevant to what to reason theoretically about. A related point is that reasoning uses resources like time and concentration (Simon, 1957; Gigerenzer et al., 1999). You have limited resources and reasoning about one issue keeps you from cons ...
... can be relevant to theoretical reasoning, namely, by being relevant to what to reason theoretically about. A related point is that reasoning uses resources like time and concentration (Simon, 1957; Gigerenzer et al., 1999). You have limited resources and reasoning about one issue keeps you from cons ...
Can the Science of Well-Being Be Objective?
... be mostly about the science of well-‐being. It is worth concentrating on well-‐being for several reasons. First of all, well-‐being is arguably the most prominent of the recent mixed projects in science ...
... be mostly about the science of well-‐being. It is worth concentrating on well-‐being for several reasons. First of all, well-‐being is arguably the most prominent of the recent mixed projects in science ...
06_chapter 2
... natures or cause, but there is no clear explanation of this doctrine. Like Aristotle, Bacon also considered that true science is knowledge of causes. Aristotle's distinction of four causes is apparently accepted by Bacon because for him this distinction is a correct account of the different ways in ...
... natures or cause, but there is no clear explanation of this doctrine. Like Aristotle, Bacon also considered that true science is knowledge of causes. Aristotle's distinction of four causes is apparently accepted by Bacon because for him this distinction is a correct account of the different ways in ...
Ethics of terminology
... • The only concept of meaning that Peirce employed is the one defined in his “maxim of pragmatism”: “In order to ascertain the meaning of an intellectual conception one should consider what practical consequences might conceivably result by necessity from the truth of that conception; and the sum of ...
... • The only concept of meaning that Peirce employed is the one defined in his “maxim of pragmatism”: “In order to ascertain the meaning of an intellectual conception one should consider what practical consequences might conceivably result by necessity from the truth of that conception; and the sum of ...
From Number Mysticism to the Maßformel:
... or vividness of recollections and fantasies, as well as different stages of consciousness and different intensities of individual thoughts. … Consequently, the higher mental processes can - in much the same way as sensory processes - be measured quantitatively, and the activity of the mind can be m ...
... or vividness of recollections and fantasies, as well as different stages of consciousness and different intensities of individual thoughts. … Consequently, the higher mental processes can - in much the same way as sensory processes - be measured quantitatively, and the activity of the mind can be m ...
SCIENTIFIC REALISM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE AND
... theoretical statements, while keeping to SR’s ontological commitments. One way to formulate this alternative position is instrumentalism. According to instrumentalism, theoretical commitments can be abandoned in favour of the observable consequences of a theory. Instrumentalism therefore rejects th ...
... theoretical statements, while keeping to SR’s ontological commitments. One way to formulate this alternative position is instrumentalism. According to instrumentalism, theoretical commitments can be abandoned in favour of the observable consequences of a theory. Instrumentalism therefore rejects th ...
Simmel and Weber as ideal- typical founders of sociology
... become impossible to eradicate. In order to attain any goal in the domain of science, one has to be a specialist nowadays, a Fachmensch, in possession of extremely precise and specific esoteric factual knowledge, however dry and insignificant these detailed facts may be. It is true that Weber mentio ...
... become impossible to eradicate. In order to attain any goal in the domain of science, one has to be a specialist nowadays, a Fachmensch, in possession of extremely precise and specific esoteric factual knowledge, however dry and insignificant these detailed facts may be. It is true that Weber mentio ...
"Kant, Naturphilosophie, and Oersted`s Discovery of
... a definite lawlike relationship between electrical and magnetic phenomena. The quite general question of whether there is in science such a thing as a “logic of discovery” can in this case be given a more precise formulation. Why was Oersted, rather than another of the many scientists interested in ...
... a definite lawlike relationship between electrical and magnetic phenomena. The quite general question of whether there is in science such a thing as a “logic of discovery” can in this case be given a more precise formulation. Why was Oersted, rather than another of the many scientists interested in ...
Philosophy of science
Philosophy of science is a branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of science. This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology, and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and truth.There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of science, including whether science can reveal the truth about unobservable things and whether scientific reasoning can be justified at all. In addition to these general questions about science as a whole, philosophers of science consider problems that apply to particular sciences (such as biology or physics). Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy itself.While relevant philosophical thought dates back at least to the time of Aristotle, philosophy of science emerged as a distinct discipline only in the middle of the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivism movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Thomas Kuhn's book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) brought into the mainstream the word ""paradigm"", meaning the set of concepts that define a scientific discipline in a particular period. In his book, Kuhn challenged the established view of ""scientific progress as a gradual, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on rationally chosen experimental frameworks"".In the 21st century, someTemplate:Which? thinkers seek to ground science in axiomatic assumptions, such as the uniformity of nature. Many philosophers of science, however, take a coherentist approach to science, in which a theory is validated if it makes sense of observations as part of a coherent whole. Still others, and Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994) in particular, argue that there is no such thing as the ""scientific method"", so all approaches to science should be allowed, including explicitly supernatural ones. (Feyerabend remains in the minority among philosophers of science.) Another approach to thinking about science involves studying how knowledge is created from a sociological perspective, an approach represented by scholars like David Bloor and Barry Barnes. Finally, a tradition in Continental philosophy approaches science from the perspective of a rigorous analysis of human experience.Philosophies of the particular sciences range from questions about the nature of time raised by Einstein's general relativity, to the implications of economics for public policy. A central theme is whether one scientific discipline can be reduced to the terms of another. That is, can chemistry be reduced to physics, or can sociology be reduced to individual psychology? The general questions of philosophy of science also arise with greater specificity in some particular sciences. For instance, the question of the validity of scientific reasoning is seen in a different guise in the foundations of statistics. The question of what counts as science and what should be excluded arises as a life-or-death matter in the philosophy of medicine. Additionally, the philosophies of biology, of psychology, and of the social sciences explore whether the scientific studies of human nature can achieve objectivity or are inevitably shaped by values and by social relations.