PPT #3: The Contributions of Political Science, Psychology, and
... ◦ The press monitors the social/political environment through the surveillance function; selects issues for coverage GATEKEEPING, FRAMING ...
... ◦ The press monitors the social/political environment through the surveillance function; selects issues for coverage GATEKEEPING, FRAMING ...
Scientific Method - FLASH Center for Computational Science
... “Greek philosophy seems to begin with a preposterous idea, with the proposition that water is the origin and mother-womb of all things. Is it really necessary to stop there and become serious ? Yes, and for three reasons: Firstly, because the proposition does enunciate something about the origin o ...
... “Greek philosophy seems to begin with a preposterous idea, with the proposition that water is the origin and mother-womb of all things. Is it really necessary to stop there and become serious ? Yes, and for three reasons: Firstly, because the proposition does enunciate something about the origin o ...
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE - ALEXIS KARPOUZOS
... amount of critical examinations and empirical tests can be accepted on a temporary basis and not permanently, until the time comes of some future test that will overthrow it. In other words, for Popper no theory is verifiable, it may only have a high degree of empirical ...
... amount of critical examinations and empirical tests can be accepted on a temporary basis and not permanently, until the time comes of some future test that will overthrow it. In other words, for Popper no theory is verifiable, it may only have a high degree of empirical ...
Lecture One (Powerpoint format) - FLASH Center for Computational
... work of Isaac Newton. Newton created a unified description of physical laws which apply equally to earthly and heavenly bodies. ...
... work of Isaac Newton. Newton created a unified description of physical laws which apply equally to earthly and heavenly bodies. ...
Bold hypothesis by Popper
... conclusively. Yet, scientists also don't want to abandon a hunch that seems useful, simply because they don't know how to verify it yet. This point is especially important for "bold" new hypotheses, because the very "boldness" of the new hypothesis could mean that it would take a lot of work before ...
... conclusively. Yet, scientists also don't want to abandon a hunch that seems useful, simply because they don't know how to verify it yet. This point is especially important for "bold" new hypotheses, because the very "boldness" of the new hypothesis could mean that it would take a lot of work before ...
The “Scientific Method”
... natural outcome. René Descartes (Principia Philosophiae, 1644) coined the word hypothesis for likely stories that appeared to account for many observations. The danger is then that people are likely to have several likely stories at hand, each capable of explaining some observations, but contradicti ...
... natural outcome. René Descartes (Principia Philosophiae, 1644) coined the word hypothesis for likely stories that appeared to account for many observations. The danger is then that people are likely to have several likely stories at hand, each capable of explaining some observations, but contradicti ...
Philosophy of Science 134E
... 1- The nature and structure of evidence. E.g., inference, etc. 2- Historical contingencies. E.g., ‘critical mass’ of talents and resources 3- Subject-matter of science. Natural phenomena are all interconnected, so that answers to one part of the “crossword puzzle” serves as clues for other parts. 4- ...
... 1- The nature and structure of evidence. E.g., inference, etc. 2- Historical contingencies. E.g., ‘critical mass’ of talents and resources 3- Subject-matter of science. Natural phenomena are all interconnected, so that answers to one part of the “crossword puzzle” serves as clues for other parts. 4- ...
Class Notes, Part 1
... if it can explain things that the old theory couldn’t, it will typically fail to explain many things that the old theory could explain. (This has been called “Kuhn loss.” The history of science is not cumulative: new theories can’t incorporate the successes of older ones, because they have a complet ...
... if it can explain things that the old theory couldn’t, it will typically fail to explain many things that the old theory could explain. (This has been called “Kuhn loss.” The history of science is not cumulative: new theories can’t incorporate the successes of older ones, because they have a complet ...
What is Philosophy?
... careful, critical thinkers can evaluate social policy proposals from an objective and impartial perspective. ...
... careful, critical thinkers can evaluate social policy proposals from an objective and impartial perspective. ...
Realism PP - Kirsten English Home
... Aristotle took Plato’s Theory of Forms in a different direction: For Aristotle: Form: That which makes a thing what it is and not something else. Does not exist by itself, only in individual cases. He spoke of “shoeness” and “appleness” and “Justice” but ONLY as they existed in INDIVIDUAL shoes, ap ...
... Aristotle took Plato’s Theory of Forms in a different direction: For Aristotle: Form: That which makes a thing what it is and not something else. Does not exist by itself, only in individual cases. He spoke of “shoeness” and “appleness” and “Justice” but ONLY as they existed in INDIVIDUAL shoes, ap ...
Philosophy - Mrs. Thiessen`s Social Studies Classes
... b. Both disciplines use logic as a tool c. Both science and philosophy are intellectual activities d. Both science and philosophy focus on the ...
... b. Both disciplines use logic as a tool c. Both science and philosophy are intellectual activities d. Both science and philosophy focus on the ...
Scientific Process – Final exam questions
... 1. List characteristics and fully describe of science versus pseudoscience 2. Develop an example of science that becomes pseudoscience. 3. Identify a topic that is frequently considered pseudoscience. Describe a research design that could be used to investigate the pseudoscience scientifically. 4. W ...
... 1. List characteristics and fully describe of science versus pseudoscience 2. Develop an example of science that becomes pseudoscience. 3. Identify a topic that is frequently considered pseudoscience. Describe a research design that could be used to investigate the pseudoscience scientifically. 4. W ...
Science at the bar
... We don’t insist that in order for something to have happened or to exist we must know what laws explain it (for example, we know evolution occurred and continues to but there are no laws in evolutionary theory). ...
... We don’t insist that in order for something to have happened or to exist we must know what laws explain it (for example, we know evolution occurred and continues to but there are no laws in evolutionary theory). ...
NAME: ENANG-EZEH FUNYI ADIAH DEPARTMENT: COMPUTER
... Does God exist? What does it mean to possess consciousness? And, what is the value of morals? It’s no coincidence that the philosophical method has much in common with the scientific method. Indeed, early science was known as “natural philosophy.” Philosophers like Aristotle developed the concepts o ...
... Does God exist? What does it mean to possess consciousness? And, what is the value of morals? It’s no coincidence that the philosophical method has much in common with the scientific method. Indeed, early science was known as “natural philosophy.” Philosophers like Aristotle developed the concepts o ...
Abstract Ancient Greece in the 7th century BC was important for the
... Abstract Ancient Greece in the 7th century BC was important for the creation of philosophy and development of science. Although geomorphology didn’t exist as an independent science in this time, there were the first attempts to explain and describe geomorphologic processes and landforms. The goal of ...
... Abstract Ancient Greece in the 7th century BC was important for the creation of philosophy and development of science. Although geomorphology didn’t exist as an independent science in this time, there were the first attempts to explain and describe geomorphologic processes and landforms. The goal of ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Slide 1
... C.P. Snow said that these two statements should be equivalent: "I know what the Second Law of Thermodynamics is," and "I have read a play of Shakespeare's." You should be acquainted with both. ...
... C.P. Snow said that these two statements should be equivalent: "I know what the Second Law of Thermodynamics is," and "I have read a play of Shakespeare's." You should be acquainted with both. ...
Philosophy of science
Philosophy of science is a branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of science. This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology, and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and truth.There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of science, including whether science can reveal the truth about unobservable things and whether scientific reasoning can be justified at all. In addition to these general questions about science as a whole, philosophers of science consider problems that apply to particular sciences (such as biology or physics). Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy itself.While relevant philosophical thought dates back at least to the time of Aristotle, philosophy of science emerged as a distinct discipline only in the middle of the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivism movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Thomas Kuhn's book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) brought into the mainstream the word ""paradigm"", meaning the set of concepts that define a scientific discipline in a particular period. In his book, Kuhn challenged the established view of ""scientific progress as a gradual, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on rationally chosen experimental frameworks"".In the 21st century, someTemplate:Which? thinkers seek to ground science in axiomatic assumptions, such as the uniformity of nature. Many philosophers of science, however, take a coherentist approach to science, in which a theory is validated if it makes sense of observations as part of a coherent whole. Still others, and Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994) in particular, argue that there is no such thing as the ""scientific method"", so all approaches to science should be allowed, including explicitly supernatural ones. (Feyerabend remains in the minority among philosophers of science.) Another approach to thinking about science involves studying how knowledge is created from a sociological perspective, an approach represented by scholars like David Bloor and Barry Barnes. Finally, a tradition in Continental philosophy approaches science from the perspective of a rigorous analysis of human experience.Philosophies of the particular sciences range from questions about the nature of time raised by Einstein's general relativity, to the implications of economics for public policy. A central theme is whether one scientific discipline can be reduced to the terms of another. That is, can chemistry be reduced to physics, or can sociology be reduced to individual psychology? The general questions of philosophy of science also arise with greater specificity in some particular sciences. For instance, the question of the validity of scientific reasoning is seen in a different guise in the foundations of statistics. The question of what counts as science and what should be excluded arises as a life-or-death matter in the philosophy of medicine. Additionally, the philosophies of biology, of psychology, and of the social sciences explore whether the scientific studies of human nature can achieve objectivity or are inevitably shaped by values and by social relations.