Socializing Naturalized Philosophy of Science
... where a cognitive phenomenon is accounted for in terms of an internal psychological mechanism. For example, mechanisms have been proposed that underlie deductive logic, abductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, pattern recognition, past tense verb learning and so on. I turn to a more detailed examin ...
... where a cognitive phenomenon is accounted for in terms of an internal psychological mechanism. For example, mechanisms have been proposed that underlie deductive logic, abductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, pattern recognition, past tense verb learning and so on. I turn to a more detailed examin ...
9/5/2006 - University of Pittsburgh
... ii.Basic claim: sovereignty of natural science within its proper domain gives it no claim to hegemony over other domains of discourse and inquiry. In particular, the human, hermeneutic sciences properly employ different methods, and use different concepts, in pursuit of what is and must be recogniza ...
... ii.Basic claim: sovereignty of natural science within its proper domain gives it no claim to hegemony over other domains of discourse and inquiry. In particular, the human, hermeneutic sciences properly employ different methods, and use different concepts, in pursuit of what is and must be recogniza ...
Becky Clay Dr. Doug Deaver 4-14
... meaning of value completely, as well as answer any questions about its existence, would require a thorough exploration of the philosophy of love, law, religion, and ethics, the social and political philosophy of things, as well as the beauty and art of things. The fourth and final division of philos ...
... meaning of value completely, as well as answer any questions about its existence, would require a thorough exploration of the philosophy of love, law, religion, and ethics, the social and political philosophy of things, as well as the beauty and art of things. The fourth and final division of philos ...
PDF
... followers of similar ideologies is that conventional researchers are so intolerant of their work, while they themselves do not object to activity of a more conventional and traditional type. Other fashionable thinkers of a related nature take a rather different line. They maintain that traditional s ...
... followers of similar ideologies is that conventional researchers are so intolerant of their work, while they themselves do not object to activity of a more conventional and traditional type. Other fashionable thinkers of a related nature take a rather different line. They maintain that traditional s ...
File
... own from reading books and teaching himself. His strengths were definitely Logical and Mathematical. In fact, the booklet we are reading by Michael Emerson states on page 7 that his talents for math and science were clear very early in school. Einstein also enjoyed philosophy and wanted to understan ...
... own from reading books and teaching himself. His strengths were definitely Logical and Mathematical. In fact, the booklet we are reading by Michael Emerson states on page 7 that his talents for math and science were clear very early in school. Einstein also enjoyed philosophy and wanted to understan ...
What`s in a word: philosophy, theology and thinking?
... As an informal educator and one who has been practically involved in helping young people to think about what they ought to be doing with their lives, what is worth living for, and the need for public action, I found much in the book with which I can agree. The book is in three parts, the first two ...
... As an informal educator and one who has been practically involved in helping young people to think about what they ought to be doing with their lives, what is worth living for, and the need for public action, I found much in the book with which I can agree. The book is in three parts, the first two ...
this PDF file - Spontaneous Generations
... French historians of philosophy in particular, see a significantly different picture. Just a list of book titles should suffice to show the trend: Paul Veyne’s seminal Did the Greeks Believe in their Myths? (1983–answer to the title’s question: not literally); Marcel Detienne’s The Creation of Mytho ...
... French historians of philosophy in particular, see a significantly different picture. Just a list of book titles should suffice to show the trend: Paul Veyne’s seminal Did the Greeks Believe in their Myths? (1983–answer to the title’s question: not literally); Marcel Detienne’s The Creation of Mytho ...
Does a Postmodernist Philosophy of Mathematics Make Sense
... exercise as one might tend to think. Indeed, these movements have long been associated with sciences. In fact, it has been argued that modernism began either by Richard Dedekind’s introduction of the idea of cuts to define irrational numbers in 1872, or by Stephan Boltzmann’s introduction of statis ...
... exercise as one might tend to think. Indeed, these movements have long been associated with sciences. In fact, it has been argued that modernism began either by Richard Dedekind’s introduction of the idea of cuts to define irrational numbers in 1872, or by Stephan Boltzmann’s introduction of statis ...
What is good science and how far can it go? Luis Fernando
... of science has been searching for some middle ground where reason, observation and objectivity have an appropriate place but where the human factor is at least that—a factor.” (Ratzsch 2000, Chapter 3, last paragraph). Now do we, as scientists, search for truth, or do we simply try to find a reason ...
... of science has been searching for some middle ground where reason, observation and objectivity have an appropriate place but where the human factor is at least that—a factor.” (Ratzsch 2000, Chapter 3, last paragraph). Now do we, as scientists, search for truth, or do we simply try to find a reason ...
The Emergence of Conventionalism - Philsci
... with regard to some crucial theoretical questions there may be no fact of the matter. These ideas are connected via the concept of discretion. When theories are underdetermined by fact, we can have alternative theories that differ in their content, or are even inconsistent with one another, but are, ...
... with regard to some crucial theoretical questions there may be no fact of the matter. These ideas are connected via the concept of discretion. When theories are underdetermined by fact, we can have alternative theories that differ in their content, or are even inconsistent with one another, but are, ...
Forms.
... causes of nature, [he] has merely looked for the explanations of a few particular effects, and he has thereby built without foundations” But ultimately, it was Galileo (not Descartes) that pushed the Scientific Revolution forward. ...
... causes of nature, [he] has merely looked for the explanations of a few particular effects, and he has thereby built without foundations” But ultimately, it was Galileo (not Descartes) that pushed the Scientific Revolution forward. ...
"Social Science and the Quest for a Just Society"
... -3theologians. But no, he insisted that here too the philosophers could offer the answer, which for Kant was located in the concept of the categorical imperative. However, in the process of secularizing knowledge, the philosophers enshrined doubt, and this proved to be their own subsequent undoing. ...
... -3theologians. But no, he insisted that here too the philosophers could offer the answer, which for Kant was located in the concept of the categorical imperative. However, in the process of secularizing knowledge, the philosophers enshrined doubt, and this proved to be their own subsequent undoing. ...
philosophy
... What is Æsthetics? Æsthetics is the study of art. It includes what art consists of, as well as the purpose behind it. Does art consist of music, literature, and painting? Or does it include a good engineering solution, or a beautiful sunset? These are the questions that aimed at in esthetics. It als ...
... What is Æsthetics? Æsthetics is the study of art. It includes what art consists of, as well as the purpose behind it. Does art consist of music, literature, and painting? Or does it include a good engineering solution, or a beautiful sunset? These are the questions that aimed at in esthetics. It als ...
01. Philosophy, its main categories and problems
... What is Æsthetics? Æsthetics is the study of art. It includes what art consists of, as well as the purpose behind it. Does art consist of music, literature, and painting? Or does it include a good engineering solution, or a beautiful sunset? These are the questions that aimed at in esthetics. It als ...
... What is Æsthetics? Æsthetics is the study of art. It includes what art consists of, as well as the purpose behind it. Does art consist of music, literature, and painting? Or does it include a good engineering solution, or a beautiful sunset? These are the questions that aimed at in esthetics. It als ...
Modeling in Philosophy of Science
... P(Ei|¬Mi)/P(Ei|Mi) (for i = 1,…, n+1). If (i) all models are supported with the same strength of evidence (i.e. x1 = x2 = … = xn+1), (ii) the prior probabilities of both theories are the same (i.e. P(T) = P(T’)), and (iii) T’ is more coherent than T according to the procedure developed in Bovens and ...
... P(Ei|¬Mi)/P(Ei|Mi) (for i = 1,…, n+1). If (i) all models are supported with the same strength of evidence (i.e. x1 = x2 = … = xn+1), (ii) the prior probabilities of both theories are the same (i.e. P(T) = P(T’)), and (iii) T’ is more coherent than T according to the procedure developed in Bovens and ...
Descartes vision of Philosophy Methodic Doubt and the Cogito
... • About method: what is the best/appropriate way to acquire knowledge and learn the truth? Is it by group efforts, based on shared beliefs and common-knowledge, and relying on agreement and universal acceptance? [Socratic Dialectic] Or is it by individual efforts that shun the views of others and bo ...
... • About method: what is the best/appropriate way to acquire knowledge and learn the truth? Is it by group efforts, based on shared beliefs and common-knowledge, and relying on agreement and universal acceptance? [Socratic Dialectic] Or is it by individual efforts that shun the views of others and bo ...
s and abstracts for the Pitt-London Workshop in the Philosophy of
... debates about such things as confirmation or explanation in philosophy of science? This essay makes a case for the centrality of historical investigation in the philosophy of science. I will defend what I term the ‘phylogenetic’ approach to the philosophy of science. I will argue that since the fou ...
... debates about such things as confirmation or explanation in philosophy of science? This essay makes a case for the centrality of historical investigation in the philosophy of science. I will defend what I term the ‘phylogenetic’ approach to the philosophy of science. I will argue that since the fou ...
The Brotherhood of Doctrines - The Institute of General Semantics
... classification I shall take the relationship between the observer and the observed. This relationship is clearly fundamental because there can be no "observer" without something to observe, and also no "observed" without somebody making the observation. To put it otherwise there is no such thing as ...
... classification I shall take the relationship between the observer and the observed. This relationship is clearly fundamental because there can be no "observer" without something to observe, and also no "observed" without somebody making the observation. To put it otherwise there is no such thing as ...
Sophie`s World
... What is the most important thing in life? If we ask someone living on the edge of starvation, the answer is food. If we ask someone dying of cold, the answer is warmth. If we put the same question to someone who feels lonely and isolated, the answer will probably be the company of other people. But ...
... What is the most important thing in life? If we ask someone living on the edge of starvation, the answer is food. If we ask someone dying of cold, the answer is warmth. If we put the same question to someone who feels lonely and isolated, the answer will probably be the company of other people. But ...
101 Basic Issues in Philosophy [OC-H] This course is an introduction
... philosophy itself. This inquiry will confront students with puzzling questions that have wide-ranging practical implications, both personally and socially, including: What is the Mind? Is it a kind of mental stuff, is it physical or is it fundamentally computer software? What is the proper theory of ...
... philosophy itself. This inquiry will confront students with puzzling questions that have wide-ranging practical implications, both personally and socially, including: What is the Mind? Is it a kind of mental stuff, is it physical or is it fundamentally computer software? What is the proper theory of ...
Normality and pathology
... complete enough to allow us to escape altogether from the necessity of acting without its guidance. ' We must live, and we must often anticipate science. In such cases we must do as we can and make use of what scientific observations are at our disposal...'" It is not the case, Durkheim argues, that ...
... complete enough to allow us to escape altogether from the necessity of acting without its guidance. ' We must live, and we must often anticipate science. In such cases we must do as we can and make use of what scientific observations are at our disposal...'" It is not the case, Durkheim argues, that ...
Integrating Science, Technology and Religion – A
... that an appropriate perspective with the Islamic spirit, namely an integrated and holistic science. With this perspective epistemologically there is no separation of religious sciences and secular sciences, there is no dichotomy or dualism, the only exists is categories. Sciences are divided into t ...
... that an appropriate perspective with the Islamic spirit, namely an integrated and holistic science. With this perspective epistemologically there is no separation of religious sciences and secular sciences, there is no dichotomy or dualism, the only exists is categories. Sciences are divided into t ...
Pursuing Wisdom
... Heraclitus argued that his predecessors failed to account for the unity in the universe. Rather he posits an underlying principle (Logos) according to which all things are unified as one. Opposites exist and are necessary for life, but they are unified in a system of balances. Logos is a kind of con ...
... Heraclitus argued that his predecessors failed to account for the unity in the universe. Rather he posits an underlying principle (Logos) according to which all things are unified as one. Opposites exist and are necessary for life, but they are unified in a system of balances. Logos is a kind of con ...
Informetrics needs a foundation in the theory of science
... The behaviorism of Skinner is a version of logical positivism attempting to predict and control human behavior in terms of “stimuli” and “responses”. It may understand itself as “objective science” but, as Chomsky’s criticism demonstrates, in the case where a human being is looking at a painting an ...
... The behaviorism of Skinner is a version of logical positivism attempting to predict and control human behavior in terms of “stimuli” and “responses”. It may understand itself as “objective science” but, as Chomsky’s criticism demonstrates, in the case where a human being is looking at a painting an ...
Eliminating Inconsistency in Science
... This point may perhaps seem unfair, after all the resources Vickers uses are wellestablished historical works, and as such, they are likely to be more reliable than could be expected from a philosopher of science. Even Vickers himself says, ‘this is not history of science; it is, rather, historicall ...
... This point may perhaps seem unfair, after all the resources Vickers uses are wellestablished historical works, and as such, they are likely to be more reliable than could be expected from a philosopher of science. Even Vickers himself says, ‘this is not history of science; it is, rather, historicall ...
Philosophy of science
Philosophy of science is a branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of science. This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology, and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and truth.There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of science, including whether science can reveal the truth about unobservable things and whether scientific reasoning can be justified at all. In addition to these general questions about science as a whole, philosophers of science consider problems that apply to particular sciences (such as biology or physics). Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy itself.While relevant philosophical thought dates back at least to the time of Aristotle, philosophy of science emerged as a distinct discipline only in the middle of the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivism movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Thomas Kuhn's book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) brought into the mainstream the word ""paradigm"", meaning the set of concepts that define a scientific discipline in a particular period. In his book, Kuhn challenged the established view of ""scientific progress as a gradual, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on rationally chosen experimental frameworks"".In the 21st century, someTemplate:Which? thinkers seek to ground science in axiomatic assumptions, such as the uniformity of nature. Many philosophers of science, however, take a coherentist approach to science, in which a theory is validated if it makes sense of observations as part of a coherent whole. Still others, and Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994) in particular, argue that there is no such thing as the ""scientific method"", so all approaches to science should be allowed, including explicitly supernatural ones. (Feyerabend remains in the minority among philosophers of science.) Another approach to thinking about science involves studying how knowledge is created from a sociological perspective, an approach represented by scholars like David Bloor and Barry Barnes. Finally, a tradition in Continental philosophy approaches science from the perspective of a rigorous analysis of human experience.Philosophies of the particular sciences range from questions about the nature of time raised by Einstein's general relativity, to the implications of economics for public policy. A central theme is whether one scientific discipline can be reduced to the terms of another. That is, can chemistry be reduced to physics, or can sociology be reduced to individual psychology? The general questions of philosophy of science also arise with greater specificity in some particular sciences. For instance, the question of the validity of scientific reasoning is seen in a different guise in the foundations of statistics. The question of what counts as science and what should be excluded arises as a life-or-death matter in the philosophy of medicine. Additionally, the philosophies of biology, of psychology, and of the social sciences explore whether the scientific studies of human nature can achieve objectivity or are inevitably shaped by values and by social relations.