Assignment 2
... same conditions to be able to determine if a hypothesis or theory is valid and reliable by others. The scientific method must be bias controlled. All gathered data is expected to be documented and so others can confirm or falsify the results. Science evolves all the time. What used to be called scie ...
... same conditions to be able to determine if a hypothesis or theory is valid and reliable by others. The scientific method must be bias controlled. All gathered data is expected to be documented and so others can confirm or falsify the results. Science evolves all the time. What used to be called scie ...
Studying Latin American Philosophy
... First figure out what is the main question that the philosopher is addressing. Usually the best place to find this is in the title but sadly…not always. Then look for a thesis statement that gives you some clue where that philosopher wants to take you. Some philosophers are kind enough to use certai ...
... First figure out what is the main question that the philosopher is addressing. Usually the best place to find this is in the title but sadly…not always. Then look for a thesis statement that gives you some clue where that philosopher wants to take you. Some philosophers are kind enough to use certai ...
Aristotle on the Organization of the Sciences
... for that which is done and that which is chosen are the same. Therefore, if all thought is either practical or productive or theoretical, natural science must be theoretical, but it will theorize about such being as admits of being moved, and only about that kind of substance which in respect of its ...
... for that which is done and that which is chosen are the same. Therefore, if all thought is either practical or productive or theoretical, natural science must be theoretical, but it will theorize about such being as admits of being moved, and only about that kind of substance which in respect of its ...
Philosophical axioms of
... Philosophy is discovery • Truth exists independently; disclosed through language ...
... Philosophy is discovery • Truth exists independently; disclosed through language ...
SoccioPP_ch01 - Philosophy 1510 All Sections
... The Goal of Wisdom The chief goal of wisdom is a fundamental understanding of reality as it relates to living a good life. By combining these – and even more – branches of philosophy, a person may gain an understanding of how all knowledge is related. The attainment of wisdom involves reflection, i ...
... The Goal of Wisdom The chief goal of wisdom is a fundamental understanding of reality as it relates to living a good life. By combining these – and even more – branches of philosophy, a person may gain an understanding of how all knowledge is related. The attainment of wisdom involves reflection, i ...
Philosophy of Science
... was regulated and maintained by natural forces as opposed to Divine fiat. e. The introduction into the West of Arabic translations of Aristotle (who had developed both deductive/inductive logic) as well as their science, mathematics and alchemy. 2. Science as an epistemological system developed grad ...
... was regulated and maintained by natural forces as opposed to Divine fiat. e. The introduction into the West of Arabic translations of Aristotle (who had developed both deductive/inductive logic) as well as their science, mathematics and alchemy. 2. Science as an epistemological system developed grad ...
Test fall 2006 for TOK1024
... pseudoscience. The positivists suggested the principle of verification but Karl Popper criticized their contribution and instead suggested the principle of falsification. What is the difference between verification and falsification in this context? Try to illustrate with good examples. Thomas S Kuh ...
... pseudoscience. The positivists suggested the principle of verification but Karl Popper criticized their contribution and instead suggested the principle of falsification. What is the difference between verification and falsification in this context? Try to illustrate with good examples. Thomas S Kuh ...
Lecture Notes 6: The Idea of a Scientific Method
... every other error and sect contrary to the said Holy Church; and I swear that I will never more in future say, or assert anything, verbally nor in writing, which may give rise to a similar suspicion of me; but that if I shall know any heretic, or any one suspected of heresy, I will denounce him to t ...
... every other error and sect contrary to the said Holy Church; and I swear that I will never more in future say, or assert anything, verbally nor in writing, which may give rise to a similar suspicion of me; but that if I shall know any heretic, or any one suspected of heresy, I will denounce him to t ...
Ch. VI. Sociology of Science 1. We mentioned previously that an
... reckoning” … has any more power to destroy the objective fact of natural processes. These formulations establish the way in which the term “objective” has to be used. On the other hand, the term “relative” can be used in the following formulations: The theory of relativity established only the relat ...
... reckoning” … has any more power to destroy the objective fact of natural processes. These formulations establish the way in which the term “objective” has to be used. On the other hand, the term “relative” can be used in the following formulations: The theory of relativity established only the relat ...
This dissertation is a critique of three strands of recent
... skepticism by showing that skeptical doubts are themselves scientific. I argue that Quine’s strategy is not meant to answer skepticism by showing our beliefs to be logically justified after all, but by showing that they are at the very least pragmatically justified. Naturalized epistemology, then, c ...
... skepticism by showing that skeptical doubts are themselves scientific. I argue that Quine’s strategy is not meant to answer skepticism by showing our beliefs to be logically justified after all, but by showing that they are at the very least pragmatically justified. Naturalized epistemology, then, c ...
FoNS, Hist/Phil Module, Lecture 2
... Question: What is the relationship between these theories (especially as they apply to the exact same region of space-time; e.g., your suitemate)? “Completed Science”/ “The end of Science” ...
... Question: What is the relationship between these theories (especially as they apply to the exact same region of space-time; e.g., your suitemate)? “Completed Science”/ “The end of Science” ...
second order science: logic, strategies, methods
... Second order science • The idea of second order science is more relevant for the social sciences than the physical sciences • But science itself is a social process • And even physical theories are used within a social context • Cybernetics is a theory of information and regulation in somewhat the ...
... Second order science • The idea of second order science is more relevant for the social sciences than the physical sciences • But science itself is a social process • And even physical theories are used within a social context • Cybernetics is a theory of information and regulation in somewhat the ...
Philosophies of difference : a critical introduction to non
... Philosophies of difference : a critical introduction to non-philosophy Author: ...
... Philosophies of difference : a critical introduction to non-philosophy Author: ...
Philosophy: The Passion to Understand
... is emphasized and the scientific method and sense perception are deemphasized Plato, Socrates…dialogue Kant…a priori and a posteriori Jane Roland Martin…continuing conversation and the female voice ...
... is emphasized and the scientific method and sense perception are deemphasized Plato, Socrates…dialogue Kant…a priori and a posteriori Jane Roland Martin…continuing conversation and the female voice ...
What is scientific realism
... 5. A scientific theory may be approximately true even inferentially unsuccessful. 6. The history of at least the mature sciences shows progressive approximation to a true account of the physical world. 7. The theoretical claims of scientific theories are to be read literally, and so read are definit ...
... 5. A scientific theory may be approximately true even inferentially unsuccessful. 6. The history of at least the mature sciences shows progressive approximation to a true account of the physical world. 7. The theoretical claims of scientific theories are to be read literally, and so read are definit ...
Scientific Revolution – Document Packet #1
... principles of hydrostatics; English trading companies employed experts who used new methods of drawing charts. Not far removed from the economic motives were those of the physicians and surgeons, who revolutionized anatomy and physiology, and did much more good than harm with their new medicines and ...
... principles of hydrostatics; English trading companies employed experts who used new methods of drawing charts. Not far removed from the economic motives were those of the physicians and surgeons, who revolutionized anatomy and physiology, and did much more good than harm with their new medicines and ...
Yvonne Förster - InterCultural Philosophy
... we really think or work in an intercultural way? When does something count as another culture? Does interculturality always entail other languages, other cultures of thought? And if so, how could someone working in Philosophy and not being linguist successfully realize an intercultural approach? An ...
... we really think or work in an intercultural way? When does something count as another culture? Does interculturality always entail other languages, other cultures of thought? And if so, how could someone working in Philosophy and not being linguist successfully realize an intercultural approach? An ...
Review of “Who Rules in Science?”, by James Robert Brown
... The bulk of Brown’s book is an investigation of the extent to which science does or does not make good on its central claim: to provide reasonably reliable (though not infallible) objective knowledge of the world. In so doing, he provides an admirably clear introduction to most of the central debat ...
... The bulk of Brown’s book is an investigation of the extent to which science does or does not make good on its central claim: to provide reasonably reliable (though not infallible) objective knowledge of the world. In so doing, he provides an admirably clear introduction to most of the central debat ...
Lecture Notes Intro Fall 03 - U of L Class Index
... Area where we study questions of deepest principle; often study questions where we don't even know what would constitute an adequate answer (such as "what is the nature of the good," "what is consciousness?”). Rethinking of basic principles by which we live and cope with the world; hence I view it a ...
... Area where we study questions of deepest principle; often study questions where we don't even know what would constitute an adequate answer (such as "what is the nature of the good," "what is consciousness?”). Rethinking of basic principles by which we live and cope with the world; hence I view it a ...
10 Thinking Philosophically Across the Sciences: Analogies, Models
... mechanisms examined within one scientific field depend upon or feed into mechanisms from other domains, and methodological, because mechanisms at work in many domains may share material or organizational similarities that allow for the use of common tools for discovery and representation. Recent wor ...
... mechanisms examined within one scientific field depend upon or feed into mechanisms from other domains, and methodological, because mechanisms at work in many domains may share material or organizational similarities that allow for the use of common tools for discovery and representation. Recent wor ...
001-004 INTRO-SUMARIO 2015.indd
... something that philosophers aim to understand. The second reason for thinking that the project of constructing normative philosophical theories about the scientific method makes sense comes from within philosophy itself. In the twentieth century, logic became more and more of a mathematical discipli ...
... something that philosophers aim to understand. The second reason for thinking that the project of constructing normative philosophical theories about the scientific method makes sense comes from within philosophy itself. In the twentieth century, logic became more and more of a mathematical discipli ...
Διαφάνεια 1
... respect among scientists and towards experimental subjects 6. Considerations concerning the necessity and importance of rating these principles 7. Conclusion ...
... respect among scientists and towards experimental subjects 6. Considerations concerning the necessity and importance of rating these principles 7. Conclusion ...
My first university was in my home town, Durban, in the mid
... My first university was in my home town, Durban, in the mid-1960s. I was doing a mathematics degree but most of my friends were doing arts subjects. Sartre and Marx were the thinkers of the moment and my friends would press their (mostly illegal) writings on me. Ideologically I was entirely sympathe ...
... My first university was in my home town, Durban, in the mid-1960s. I was doing a mathematics degree but most of my friends were doing arts subjects. Sartre and Marx were the thinkers of the moment and my friends would press their (mostly illegal) writings on me. Ideologically I was entirely sympathe ...
Letter to Physics Today in reply to Peter Saulson`s review of my book
... I am saddened that Saulson did. But let us suppose, just hypothetically, that the book’s tone is every bit as vile as Saulson claims. So what? In what way would that affect the validity or invalidity of my arguments? Quite simply, I did not write the book to be nice or nasty to anyone, but rather to ...
... I am saddened that Saulson did. But let us suppose, just hypothetically, that the book’s tone is every bit as vile as Saulson claims. So what? In what way would that affect the validity or invalidity of my arguments? Quite simply, I did not write the book to be nice or nasty to anyone, but rather to ...
Philosophy of science
Philosophy of science is a branch of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science. The central questions of this study concern what qualifies as science, the reliability of scientific theories, and the ultimate purpose of science. This discipline overlaps with metaphysics, ontology, and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and truth.There is no consensus among philosophers about many of the central problems concerned with the philosophy of science, including whether science can reveal the truth about unobservable things and whether scientific reasoning can be justified at all. In addition to these general questions about science as a whole, philosophers of science consider problems that apply to particular sciences (such as biology or physics). Some philosophers of science also use contemporary results in science to reach conclusions about philosophy itself.While relevant philosophical thought dates back at least to the time of Aristotle, philosophy of science emerged as a distinct discipline only in the middle of the 20th century in the wake of the logical positivism movement, which aimed to formulate criteria for ensuring all philosophical statements' meaningfulness and objectively assessing them. Thomas Kuhn's book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) brought into the mainstream the word ""paradigm"", meaning the set of concepts that define a scientific discipline in a particular period. In his book, Kuhn challenged the established view of ""scientific progress as a gradual, cumulative acquisition of knowledge based on rationally chosen experimental frameworks"".In the 21st century, someTemplate:Which? thinkers seek to ground science in axiomatic assumptions, such as the uniformity of nature. Many philosophers of science, however, take a coherentist approach to science, in which a theory is validated if it makes sense of observations as part of a coherent whole. Still others, and Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994) in particular, argue that there is no such thing as the ""scientific method"", so all approaches to science should be allowed, including explicitly supernatural ones. (Feyerabend remains in the minority among philosophers of science.) Another approach to thinking about science involves studying how knowledge is created from a sociological perspective, an approach represented by scholars like David Bloor and Barry Barnes. Finally, a tradition in Continental philosophy approaches science from the perspective of a rigorous analysis of human experience.Philosophies of the particular sciences range from questions about the nature of time raised by Einstein's general relativity, to the implications of economics for public policy. A central theme is whether one scientific discipline can be reduced to the terms of another. That is, can chemistry be reduced to physics, or can sociology be reduced to individual psychology? The general questions of philosophy of science also arise with greater specificity in some particular sciences. For instance, the question of the validity of scientific reasoning is seen in a different guise in the foundations of statistics. The question of what counts as science and what should be excluded arises as a life-or-death matter in the philosophy of medicine. Additionally, the philosophies of biology, of psychology, and of the social sciences explore whether the scientific studies of human nature can achieve objectivity or are inevitably shaped by values and by social relations.