Stealth Nanoparticles
... carrier does not contain any drug. The high concentrations of the placebo carrier will activate the immune components, which will then be engaged in eliminating these carriers. If the drug-loaded carrier is introduced at this time, the chances of it getting recognized and eliminated by the immune sy ...
... carrier does not contain any drug. The high concentrations of the placebo carrier will activate the immune components, which will then be engaged in eliminating these carriers. If the drug-loaded carrier is introduced at this time, the chances of it getting recognized and eliminated by the immune sy ...
Avoiding Chronic Inflammation
... inflammatory response occurs when any pro-inflammatory components (PAMPS – pathogen-associated molecular patterns) are detected. The most common bacterial PAMP is lipopolysaccaride (LPS), a major cell membrane protein of a type of bacteria. The inflammatory response involves an increased blood flow ...
... inflammatory response occurs when any pro-inflammatory components (PAMPS – pathogen-associated molecular patterns) are detected. The most common bacterial PAMP is lipopolysaccaride (LPS), a major cell membrane protein of a type of bacteria. The inflammatory response involves an increased blood flow ...
Pathology of Infectious Diseases
... The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again. The image cannot be displ ...
... The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again. The image cannot be displ ...
neuroimmunology - Dr. Amr Hasan Neurology Clinic
... Naive lymphocytes :Small B and T lymphocytes that have matured, but have not yet met antigen. They leave the bone marrow and thymus--! the blood ---! secondary lymphoid organs, such as the lymph nodes. Microbial antigens are drained from the site of infection through the afferent lymphatic vessels i ...
... Naive lymphocytes :Small B and T lymphocytes that have matured, but have not yet met antigen. They leave the bone marrow and thymus--! the blood ---! secondary lymphoid organs, such as the lymph nodes. Microbial antigens are drained from the site of infection through the afferent lymphatic vessels i ...
The Immune System: Defenders of our Health
... that the immune system is a highly complex system with specific structures. These activities are designed to allow creativity while also requiring a higher level of intellectual demand. At the end of this unit, the students should develop a basic understanding of the types of cells in the human immu ...
... that the immune system is a highly complex system with specific structures. These activities are designed to allow creativity while also requiring a higher level of intellectual demand. At the end of this unit, the students should develop a basic understanding of the types of cells in the human immu ...
MHC class II Pathway
... cells and dendritic cells, and thymic epithelial cells. In MHC class II phagocytes such as macrophages and immature dendritic cells uptake entities by phagocytosis into phagosomes which fuse with lysosomes whose acidic enzymes cleave the uptaken protein into many different peptides interaction with ...
... cells and dendritic cells, and thymic epithelial cells. In MHC class II phagocytes such as macrophages and immature dendritic cells uptake entities by phagocytosis into phagosomes which fuse with lysosomes whose acidic enzymes cleave the uptaken protein into many different peptides interaction with ...
NAME: Clifford V. Harding, MD, PhD POSITION TITLE: Kahn
... has a long-standing productive NIH-funded research program on the cell biology of antigen presenting cells (APCs) and their regulation by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) or HIV. He has over 190 publications on topics in immunology, cell biology and infec ...
... has a long-standing productive NIH-funded research program on the cell biology of antigen presenting cells (APCs) and their regulation by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) or HIV. He has over 190 publications on topics in immunology, cell biology and infec ...
PDF （434KB）
... selectively expressed in the epithelial cells of the small intestine, regulates Th17 responses in the small intestine by controlling ATP levels. E-NPP3 is rapidly induced on activated basophils and mast cells, and regulates ATP-dependent activation in basophils and mast cells to prevent chronic alle ...
... selectively expressed in the epithelial cells of the small intestine, regulates Th17 responses in the small intestine by controlling ATP levels. E-NPP3 is rapidly induced on activated basophils and mast cells, and regulates ATP-dependent activation in basophils and mast cells to prevent chronic alle ...
The predominant surface glycoproteins of thymocytes and
... B lymphocytes can bind antigen directly with their immunoglobulin receptors but require interactions with macrophages and T l y m p h o c y t e s to trigger cell division and differentiation tO produce antibody-secreting cells and memory cells (2). T lymphocytes a p p e a r to r e c o g n i z e anti ...
... B lymphocytes can bind antigen directly with their immunoglobulin receptors but require interactions with macrophages and T l y m p h o c y t e s to trigger cell division and differentiation tO produce antibody-secreting cells and memory cells (2). T lymphocytes a p p e a r to r e c o g n i z e anti ...
271 Advances in Environmental Biology, 4(2): 271-276, 2010 ISSN 1995-0756
... basophilic and neutrophilic cells [9]. Granulocytes have the ability to phagocytose microbial pathogens and they contain a mixture of hydrolytic enzymes that contribute to intracellular killing. They are often more active phagocytes than hyalinocytes. Hyalinocytes are smaller than granulocytes. Some ...
... basophilic and neutrophilic cells [9]. Granulocytes have the ability to phagocytose microbial pathogens and they contain a mixture of hydrolytic enzymes that contribute to intracellular killing. They are often more active phagocytes than hyalinocytes. Hyalinocytes are smaller than granulocytes. Some ...
021709.M1-Immuno.AllergySelfStudy
... Eosinophils have a bilobed nucleus and stain pink with the dye eosin. In panel b, the arrows note eosinophils that are partially degranulated. Their degranulation results in the release of rather ...
... Eosinophils have a bilobed nucleus and stain pink with the dye eosin. In panel b, the arrows note eosinophils that are partially degranulated. Their degranulation results in the release of rather ...
Sept15_lecture8a_immunology
... they can make collective guesses at almost anything antigenic on the surface of the earth, but they must do their work one notion at a time. They carry specific information in the surface receptors, presented in the form of a question: is there, anywhere out there, my particular molecular configurat ...
... they can make collective guesses at almost anything antigenic on the surface of the earth, but they must do their work one notion at a time. They carry specific information in the surface receptors, presented in the form of a question: is there, anywhere out there, my particular molecular configurat ...
Innate Immune Responses of the Dental Pulp to Caries
... rate than vital human teeth further supports the protective role of dentinal fluid pressure (12). The composition of dentinal fluid is not fully determined, but it is considered to be serum-derived tissue fluid containing serum proteins and immunoglobulins (Igs) (13). There is a dynamic change of lo ...
... rate than vital human teeth further supports the protective role of dentinal fluid pressure (12). The composition of dentinal fluid is not fully determined, but it is considered to be serum-derived tissue fluid containing serum proteins and immunoglobulins (Igs) (13). There is a dynamic change of lo ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
... 5. Non-specific vs. antigen specific For example, regarding the cytokine production ; Drakes et al., Infect Immunol, 2004 : human DC produce IL-10, not IL-12p70 Mohamadzadeh et al., PNAS, 2005 : human DC, produce IL-12p70, but not IL-12 ...
... 5. Non-specific vs. antigen specific For example, regarding the cytokine production ; Drakes et al., Infect Immunol, 2004 : human DC produce IL-10, not IL-12p70 Mohamadzadeh et al., PNAS, 2005 : human DC, produce IL-12p70, but not IL-12 ...
Micro 532 Exam 1995
... The destructive activity of the complement system is limited to the location of its activation due to the short half-lives of the components and the presence of competitive inhibitors. ...
... The destructive activity of the complement system is limited to the location of its activation due to the short half-lives of the components and the presence of competitive inhibitors. ...
Graves` Disease - The Interaction of Lymphocytes and Thyroid Cells
... archetype for organ-specific autoimmune disorders, very important to our understanding the mechanisms responsible for progression of autoimmunity. It has been known for years that hyperthyroidism in Graves’disease is induced by immunological reaction, in which TSH receptor antibodies bind to the rec ...
... archetype for organ-specific autoimmune disorders, very important to our understanding the mechanisms responsible for progression of autoimmunity. It has been known for years that hyperthyroidism in Graves’disease is induced by immunological reaction, in which TSH receptor antibodies bind to the rec ...
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide 27
... study, we found that PACAP27, but not PACAP38, specifically stimulated intracellular calcium mobilization and ERK phosphorylation in human neutrophils. Moreover, formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) was identified as a PACAP27 receptor, and PACAP27 was found to selectively stimulate intracellular ...
... study, we found that PACAP27, but not PACAP38, specifically stimulated intracellular calcium mobilization and ERK phosphorylation in human neutrophils. Moreover, formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) was identified as a PACAP27 receptor, and PACAP27 was found to selectively stimulate intracellular ...
Bordetella pertussis
... Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) and lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) synergistically evoke ciliary damage by initiating the release of destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as nitric oxide (NO) via interleukin 1 (IL-1) induced type II nitric oxide synthases (inducible NOS, or iNOS) activation in mucus- ...
... Tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) and lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) synergistically evoke ciliary damage by initiating the release of destructive reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as nitric oxide (NO) via interleukin 1 (IL-1) induced type II nitric oxide synthases (inducible NOS, or iNOS) activation in mucus- ...
Macrophage Polarization at the Crossroad Between HIV
... Several authors have investigated the role of cytokines, chemokines, and bacterial products on either the susceptibility of human monocyte–derived macrophages (MDM) to HIV-1 infection or on the functional polarization of these cells. In vitro, HIV-1 infection has been reported to drive human MDM tow ...
... Several authors have investigated the role of cytokines, chemokines, and bacterial products on either the susceptibility of human monocyte–derived macrophages (MDM) to HIV-1 infection or on the functional polarization of these cells. In vitro, HIV-1 infection has been reported to drive human MDM tow ...
Homeostasis in Infected Epithelia: Stem Cells Take
... line of defense against pathogens. Because they contact the external nonsterile environment, barrier epithelia constantly face environmental assaults and thus have developed evolutionarily conserved defense mechanisms that ensure host survival and pathogen clearance, in particular the local producti ...
... line of defense against pathogens. Because they contact the external nonsterile environment, barrier epithelia constantly face environmental assaults and thus have developed evolutionarily conserved defense mechanisms that ensure host survival and pathogen clearance, in particular the local producti ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.