Immunology Lecture 3 Feb 7 2013
... The two classes of MHC molecule are expressed differentially on cells Expression of MHC class I by all cells (except erythrocytes) allows them to be under constant surveillance by CD8 T cells for infection by intracellular pathogens. ...
... The two classes of MHC molecule are expressed differentially on cells Expression of MHC class I by all cells (except erythrocytes) allows them to be under constant surveillance by CD8 T cells for infection by intracellular pathogens. ...
Chapter 10 Lymphatic and Immune Systems Chapter Objectives
... The major structures of the lymphatic system are the lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph fluid, tonsils and adenoids, spleen, thymus and lymphocytes. This system has its own vessels and fluids but does not have its own cells. Blood cells that are specialized fill this role. The functions of the lympha ...
... The major structures of the lymphatic system are the lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph fluid, tonsils and adenoids, spleen, thymus and lymphocytes. This system has its own vessels and fluids but does not have its own cells. Blood cells that are specialized fill this role. The functions of the lympha ...
Physiology Ch. 35 p445-450 [4-25
... -even in people with other Rh antigens, they can still cause transfusion reactions, just milder -85% of white people are Rh positive and 15% Rh negative -95% of black americans are Rh positive, and 100% of African blacks are Rh positive Rh Immune Response – when RBC containing Rh factor injected int ...
... -even in people with other Rh antigens, they can still cause transfusion reactions, just milder -85% of white people are Rh positive and 15% Rh negative -95% of black americans are Rh positive, and 100% of African blacks are Rh positive Rh Immune Response – when RBC containing Rh factor injected int ...
miRNA-124 in Immune System and Immune Disorders
... microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding single-stranded molecules with 18–25 nt, involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression (1, 2). miRNA biogenesis is initiated via transcription by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-m ...
... microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding single-stranded molecules with 18–25 nt, involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression (1, 2). miRNA biogenesis is initiated via transcription by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-m ...
Invasion of Salmonella into human intestinal epithelial cells is
... majority of Yersinia and Salmonella pass through the intestinal epithelium mainly via specialized M cells w29, 30x, but these cells are difficult to cultivate in vitro. The fate of the bacteria internalized by M cells is usually to be phagocytosed by the macrophages residing in the invaginations of ...
... majority of Yersinia and Salmonella pass through the intestinal epithelium mainly via specialized M cells w29, 30x, but these cells are difficult to cultivate in vitro. The fate of the bacteria internalized by M cells is usually to be phagocytosed by the macrophages residing in the invaginations of ...
Immune System: An Overview
... fungi), cancer, and any foreign material which enters the body. The general causes are congenital birth defects involving an incomplete or absent immune system, use of immunosuppressive drugs or chemicals, radiation treatment, cancers (e.g., Hodgkin’s disease), and AIDS. Individuals who overwork or ...
... fungi), cancer, and any foreign material which enters the body. The general causes are congenital birth defects involving an incomplete or absent immune system, use of immunosuppressive drugs or chemicals, radiation treatment, cancers (e.g., Hodgkin’s disease), and AIDS. Individuals who overwork or ...
Nature_and_role_of_inflammation _
... nervous system. Gorillas display their strength and courage before a fight by beating the chest with its hands over the breastbone. This is the innate reaction to stimulate the thymus gland. The modern view of the thymus gland is the belief that it is the ‘brain’ of the immune system of the body. It ...
... nervous system. Gorillas display their strength and courage before a fight by beating the chest with its hands over the breastbone. This is the innate reaction to stimulate the thymus gland. The modern view of the thymus gland is the belief that it is the ‘brain’ of the immune system of the body. It ...
misdirected reactions of the immune system autoimmunity
... * Different from receptors on T and B cells * Effector function becomes operational immediately following antigen binding * Cell proliferation and differentiation not required ...
... * Different from receptors on T and B cells * Effector function becomes operational immediately following antigen binding * Cell proliferation and differentiation not required ...
HLA
... antigen binding and contact with T cell receptors. Extracellulary located peptide binding cleft • polymorphic (predominantly in the cleft). • Nonpolymorphic part of the molecule contains binding sites for the T cell molecules CD4 and CD8 ...
... antigen binding and contact with T cell receptors. Extracellulary located peptide binding cleft • polymorphic (predominantly in the cleft). • Nonpolymorphic part of the molecule contains binding sites for the T cell molecules CD4 and CD8 ...
Presentation
... • We have to add new entities as self entities but not implicated in the immune process in order to check if the system simulated is dangerous for self entities. • Again, visualization is important! We have to be able to trace all the entities : cells of the both system and molecules (have a structu ...
... • We have to add new entities as self entities but not implicated in the immune process in order to check if the system simulated is dangerous for self entities. • Again, visualization is important! We have to be able to trace all the entities : cells of the both system and molecules (have a structu ...
The Immune System - University of Arizona
... • Since there is an expanded clone of cells being stimulated the rate of antibody production is also increased during the log phase of antibody production and higher levels are achieved. • Also, since many if not all of the memory B cells will have switched to IgG (IgA or IgE) production, IgG is pro ...
... • Since there is an expanded clone of cells being stimulated the rate of antibody production is also increased during the log phase of antibody production and higher levels are achieved. • Also, since many if not all of the memory B cells will have switched to IgG (IgA or IgE) production, IgG is pro ...
Presentation
... Human cells have many surface proteins Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins Our cells in another person’s body can trigger an immune response because they are foreign Restricts donors for transplants ...
... Human cells have many surface proteins Our immune cells do not attack our own proteins Our cells in another person’s body can trigger an immune response because they are foreign Restricts donors for transplants ...
幻灯片 1 - Shandong University
... Immunosuppression: S uppression of immune responses to antigens. This can be achieved by various means, including physical, chemical---non-specificity to Ag ...
... Immunosuppression: S uppression of immune responses to antigens. This can be achieved by various means, including physical, chemical---non-specificity to Ag ...
ABO and Rh Blood Typing
... Plasma - The fluid remaining in separated anticoagulated tubes that contains clotting factors. Reverse typing - A blood typing procedure where patient serum is mixed with reagent A cells and reagent B cells. The results should be the opposite of forward typing. Serum - The straw-colored fluid remain ...
... Plasma - The fluid remaining in separated anticoagulated tubes that contains clotting factors. Reverse typing - A blood typing procedure where patient serum is mixed with reagent A cells and reagent B cells. The results should be the opposite of forward typing. Serum - The straw-colored fluid remain ...
The Immune System - Fall River Public Schools
... Your blood isn’t just made up of red blood cells. Your blood also has disease-fighting white blood cells. In the inflammatory response, when extra blood goes to tissue affected by a pathogen, a type of white blood cell called a phagocyte (fadge-o-sight) attacks pathogens. The phagocyte attacks patho ...
... Your blood isn’t just made up of red blood cells. Your blood also has disease-fighting white blood cells. In the inflammatory response, when extra blood goes to tissue affected by a pathogen, a type of white blood cell called a phagocyte (fadge-o-sight) attacks pathogens. The phagocyte attacks patho ...
Dysregulation of immune homeostasis in autoimmune diseases
... to induce TH17 responses in mice that do not normally have a high frequency of TH17 cells19 and can precipitate the development of arthritis in the F1 crosses of KRN T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice (K/B × N mice)20. Similarly, other microbial species in the microbiota, independent of SFB, were ...
... to induce TH17 responses in mice that do not normally have a high frequency of TH17 cells19 and can precipitate the development of arthritis in the F1 crosses of KRN T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice (K/B × N mice)20. Similarly, other microbial species in the microbiota, independent of SFB, were ...
Characterization of the Cellular Immune Responses to Rhizopus
... identified the pivotal role of TH1 immunity in the clearance of various IFDs [4], and in the clinical setting, restoring antifungal TH1 immunity by the adoptive transfer of anti-Aspergillus TH1 cells has already shown therapeutic efficacy in allogeneic HSCT recipients [12]. Interestingly, the generate ...
... identified the pivotal role of TH1 immunity in the clearance of various IFDs [4], and in the clinical setting, restoring antifungal TH1 immunity by the adoptive transfer of anti-Aspergillus TH1 cells has already shown therapeutic efficacy in allogeneic HSCT recipients [12]. Interestingly, the generate ...
A7 - Ummafrapp
... Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections, and rapidly emerging antibiotic-resistant strains are creating a serious public health concern. If immune-based therapies are to be an alternative to antibiotics, greater understanding is needed of the protective immu ...
... Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections, and rapidly emerging antibiotic-resistant strains are creating a serious public health concern. If immune-based therapies are to be an alternative to antibiotics, greater understanding is needed of the protective immu ...
Effect of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) D-Fraction on - J
... mainly by the lymphocytes that introduce tumor-specific immunity, and not by non-specific immune reactions. We examined the change in the relative proportion of activated T cells to B cells in the spleen and in the inguinal lymph node. T cell activation by D-Fraction was observed in the inguinal reg ...
... mainly by the lymphocytes that introduce tumor-specific immunity, and not by non-specific immune reactions. We examined the change in the relative proportion of activated T cells to B cells in the spleen and in the inguinal lymph node. T cell activation by D-Fraction was observed in the inguinal reg ...
Chapter 43 - Immune system
... • Cellular innate defenses in vertebrates also involve natural killer cells • These circulate through the body and detect abnormal cells • They release chemicals leading to cell death, inhibiting the spread of virally infected or cancerous cells • Many cellular innate defenses involve the lymphatic ...
... • Cellular innate defenses in vertebrates also involve natural killer cells • These circulate through the body and detect abnormal cells • They release chemicals leading to cell death, inhibiting the spread of virally infected or cancerous cells • Many cellular innate defenses involve the lymphatic ...
Chapter 22 - The Lymphatic System and Immunity
... A) At any given time, most T cells are actively attacking antigens. B) Antigen-MHC complex binding to TCRs is required but not sufficient to activate T cells. C) CD4 and CD8 proteins are alternate forms of MHC proteins that can activate T cells. D) Costimulated T cells enter a state of anergy. E) Ac ...
... A) At any given time, most T cells are actively attacking antigens. B) Antigen-MHC complex binding to TCRs is required but not sufficient to activate T cells. C) CD4 and CD8 proteins are alternate forms of MHC proteins that can activate T cells. D) Costimulated T cells enter a state of anergy. E) Ac ...
03.Lecture (3) Lymphoid system Hazem KSU 2008
... Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is an enzyme in thymic stem cells. It decreases in stage II and is lost altogether in the medulla. Several surface glycoproteins appear during differentiation. CD1 is present on stage II cortical thymocytes and is lost in the medulla. CD2 and CD7 (the pan ...
... Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is an enzyme in thymic stem cells. It decreases in stage II and is lost altogether in the medulla. Several surface glycoproteins appear during differentiation. CD1 is present on stage II cortical thymocytes and is lost in the medulla. CD2 and CD7 (the pan ...
Stealth Nanoparticles
... carrier does not contain any drug. The high concentrations of the placebo carrier will activate the immune components, which will then be engaged in eliminating these carriers. If the drug-loaded carrier is introduced at this time, the chances of it getting recognized and eliminated by the immune sy ...
... carrier does not contain any drug. The high concentrations of the placebo carrier will activate the immune components, which will then be engaged in eliminating these carriers. If the drug-loaded carrier is introduced at this time, the chances of it getting recognized and eliminated by the immune sy ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.