NIH Public Access
... disease. We will now discuss in detail studies that have shown the mechanisms by which colonizing bacteria stimulate appropriate programming of mucosal immunity. ...
... disease. We will now discuss in detail studies that have shown the mechanisms by which colonizing bacteria stimulate appropriate programming of mucosal immunity. ...
The level of monocyte turnover predicts disease progression in the
... certain opportunistic infections in AIDS such as Pneumocystis carinii (P carinii) and Cryptococcus neoformans is supportive of such a hypothesis. Both of these agents are present in the environment, and humans are continuously exposed to them without any sign of infection. The fact that greater than ...
... certain opportunistic infections in AIDS such as Pneumocystis carinii (P carinii) and Cryptococcus neoformans is supportive of such a hypothesis. Both of these agents are present in the environment, and humans are continuously exposed to them without any sign of infection. The fact that greater than ...
chapter 2 antigen/antibody interactions
... by coating them onto SRBC or latex or other particles; the resulting clumping by antibody is known as passive agglutination. Precipitation. Interaction of antibody with a soluble antigen to form an insoluble complex, e.g., with BSA (bovine serum albumin). In liquid - the precipitate can be recovered ...
... by coating them onto SRBC or latex or other particles; the resulting clumping by antibody is known as passive agglutination. Precipitation. Interaction of antibody with a soluble antigen to form an insoluble complex, e.g., with BSA (bovine serum albumin). In liquid - the precipitate can be recovered ...
The presence of cytotoxic autoantibody to lacrimal gland cells
... these mice develop foci of mononuclear cell infiltration in the lacrimal and salivary glands, which closely resemble the lesions seen in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. We studied the cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses of NZB/W mice to lacrimal gland cells. Lacrimal gland acinar ...
... these mice develop foci of mononuclear cell infiltration in the lacrimal and salivary glands, which closely resemble the lesions seen in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. We studied the cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses of NZB/W mice to lacrimal gland cells. Lacrimal gland acinar ...
Lethal influenza infection in the absence of the natural killer cell
... HeLa cells in the lung were quantified by flow cytometry 5 h after injection into the tail vein. Thus, it seems that in vitro killing of tumor Representative of three independent experiments. cells is not affected by a lack of Ncr1, despite their recognition by NCR1-Ig. However, although NK cells ha ...
... HeLa cells in the lung were quantified by flow cytometry 5 h after injection into the tail vein. Thus, it seems that in vitro killing of tumor Representative of three independent experiments. cells is not affected by a lack of Ncr1, despite their recognition by NCR1-Ig. However, although NK cells ha ...
ASTRAGALUS AND IMMUNITY
... Almost everyone in the U.S., at one time or another is checked with the tuberculin skin test to make certain they are not infected with tuberculosis (TB). In this terrible disease, lung tissue is slowly destroyed by TB organisms. Other organs can be infected as well, such as the brain, kidneys, live ...
... Almost everyone in the U.S., at one time or another is checked with the tuberculin skin test to make certain they are not infected with tuberculosis (TB). In this terrible disease, lung tissue is slowly destroyed by TB organisms. Other organs can be infected as well, such as the brain, kidneys, live ...
Role of IL-12 in HIV infection and vaccine
... though that most opportunistic infections occur at late stages of HIV infection, following extensive erosion of immune competency of the host, a stage during which primate studies have shown limited clinical benefit of IL-12 therapy alone. It may be possible to explore combination therapies, using a ...
... though that most opportunistic infections occur at late stages of HIV infection, following extensive erosion of immune competency of the host, a stage during which primate studies have shown limited clinical benefit of IL-12 therapy alone. It may be possible to explore combination therapies, using a ...
Janeway's Immunology
... Adhesion molecules play an important role in supporting contact between leukocytes and inflammed tissue during migration and ...
... Adhesion molecules play an important role in supporting contact between leukocytes and inflammed tissue during migration and ...
L-Arginine Exacerbates Experimental Cerebral Malaria by
... accepted that CM results from a combination of sequestering infected red blood cells in the cerebral blood vessels and a vigorous host pro-inflammatory response mediated by cytokines and effector cells (Hearn et al. 2000; Belnoue et al. 2002; Nitcheu et al. 2003; Franke-Fayard et al. 2005; Pais and ...
... accepted that CM results from a combination of sequestering infected red blood cells in the cerebral blood vessels and a vigorous host pro-inflammatory response mediated by cytokines and effector cells (Hearn et al. 2000; Belnoue et al. 2002; Nitcheu et al. 2003; Franke-Fayard et al. 2005; Pais and ...
Two models of multiple sclerosis: Experimental allergic
... animals and similar frequency of infection, pathological alterations can be distinguished into three main categories in different strains. In general, SJL mice present the most destructive lesions, DBA mice present lesions of intermediate severity, and SWR, NZW, RIII/SJ, and some of the BALB/c mice ...
... animals and similar frequency of infection, pathological alterations can be distinguished into three main categories in different strains. In general, SJL mice present the most destructive lesions, DBA mice present lesions of intermediate severity, and SWR, NZW, RIII/SJ, and some of the BALB/c mice ...
Review Article Thyroid dysfunction: an autoimmune aspect
... [42] Moser M, Murphy KM. Dendritic cell regulation of TH1-TH2 development. Nat Immunol 2000; ...
... [42] Moser M, Murphy KM. Dendritic cell regulation of TH1-TH2 development. Nat Immunol 2000; ...
The Regulatory Role of Invariant NKT Cells in Tumor Immunity
... NKT Cells: Classification and Subsets In contrast with conventional T cells, which recognize protein-derived antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, the T-cell receptors (TCR) on NKT cells recognize both exogenous and endogenous lipids presented in ...
... NKT Cells: Classification and Subsets In contrast with conventional T cells, which recognize protein-derived antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, the T-cell receptors (TCR) on NKT cells recognize both exogenous and endogenous lipids presented in ...
Penetration of Stratified Mucosa Cytolysins Augment Superantigen
... of TSST-1 to penetrate the mucosa. Ex vivo porcine tissue is an excellent model of human vaginal tissue; vaginal tissue from both human and pig is a nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with intercellular lipids, including ceramides, glucosyl ceramides, and cholesterol located in the surfac ...
... of TSST-1 to penetrate the mucosa. Ex vivo porcine tissue is an excellent model of human vaginal tissue; vaginal tissue from both human and pig is a nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with intercellular lipids, including ceramides, glucosyl ceramides, and cholesterol located in the surfac ...
Mucus Properties and Goblet Cell Quantification in Mouse, Rat and
... them to the immune cells in the subepithelial dome of the patch [11,15,16]. Uptake and transport of antigen and bacteria over the FAE is increased compared to regular villus epithelium, which results in higher amounts of transported material reaching the subepithelial dome [16]. Transepithelial tran ...
... them to the immune cells in the subepithelial dome of the patch [11,15,16]. Uptake and transport of antigen and bacteria over the FAE is increased compared to regular villus epithelium, which results in higher amounts of transported material reaching the subepithelial dome [16]. Transepithelial tran ...
Regulation of macrophage development and function in peripheral
... Macrophages are key components of the innate immune system that reside in tissues, where they function as immune sentinels. They are uniquely equipped to sense and respond to tissue invasion by infectious microorganisms and tissue injury through various scavenger, pattern recognition and phagocytic ...
... Macrophages are key components of the innate immune system that reside in tissues, where they function as immune sentinels. They are uniquely equipped to sense and respond to tissue invasion by infectious microorganisms and tissue injury through various scavenger, pattern recognition and phagocytic ...
Immune memory in CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells
... and all the released CD4+ cells were pooled and washed five times by centrifugation at 200 g for 1 min, to remove any residual Dynabeads. An aliquot of CD4+ cells was taken for fluorescence-activated cell sorter ( FACS ) analysis to check purity. The remainder were counted and resuspended at 10×106/ ...
... and all the released CD4+ cells were pooled and washed five times by centrifugation at 200 g for 1 min, to remove any residual Dynabeads. An aliquot of CD4+ cells was taken for fluorescence-activated cell sorter ( FACS ) analysis to check purity. The remainder were counted and resuspended at 10×106/ ...
Review IL-23 and IL-27
... the laboratory of Fernando Bazan and Robert Kastelein at DNAX Research Institute. One of these sequences was a novel four-helix bundle cytokine, which we named p19, with an overall sequence identity of approximately 40% to the p35 subunit of IL-12. Initial attempts to purify p19 from the supernatant ...
... the laboratory of Fernando Bazan and Robert Kastelein at DNAX Research Institute. One of these sequences was a novel four-helix bundle cytokine, which we named p19, with an overall sequence identity of approximately 40% to the p35 subunit of IL-12. Initial attempts to purify p19 from the supernatant ...
Role of Innate Immunity in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 and Type 2
... not removed in time by macrophages, which may trigger innate immune responses. Such events may occur in NOD mice that have defects in phagocytic capability (7). Indeed, it was observ ed that, when left untreated for more than 36 hr, apoptotic insulinoma cells undergo secondary necrosis characterize ...
... not removed in time by macrophages, which may trigger innate immune responses. Such events may occur in NOD mice that have defects in phagocytic capability (7). Indeed, it was observ ed that, when left untreated for more than 36 hr, apoptotic insulinoma cells undergo secondary necrosis characterize ...
NIH Public Access
... responses to discriminate between harmless commensal organisms and harmful pathogens. Eukaryotic cells sense microbial products using receptors that recognize various evolutionarily conserved microbial components termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pAMps), which include lipopolysaccharide ...
... responses to discriminate between harmless commensal organisms and harmful pathogens. Eukaryotic cells sense microbial products using receptors that recognize various evolutionarily conserved microbial components termed pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pAMps), which include lipopolysaccharide ...
IgG plasma cells display a unique spectrum of
... long-lived plasma cells are localized in the bone marrow.2,3 Migration of newly formed plasma cells from the lymph nodes and spleen to bone marrow is therefore an important step in the maintenance of a long-term antibody response to a pathogen. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow containing plasma cell ...
... long-lived plasma cells are localized in the bone marrow.2,3 Migration of newly formed plasma cells from the lymph nodes and spleen to bone marrow is therefore an important step in the maintenance of a long-term antibody response to a pathogen. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow containing plasma cell ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.