Active Infection and RIG-I Signaling Influenza A Virus Infection Is
... The initial lines of defense in the respiratory tract include alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, tissue-resident alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. However, the role of mast cells during respiratory infections is an understudied area (7). Mast cells are tissue-sentinel ...
... The initial lines of defense in the respiratory tract include alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, tissue-resident alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells. However, the role of mast cells during respiratory infections is an understudied area (7). Mast cells are tissue-sentinel ...
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and dermatological - HAL
... restricted to PDC (9). Thereby MDC and PDC do not express the same set of TLR, but their expression is complementary and allows the recognition of a large panel of pathogenic motifs. New therapeutic molecules targeting TLR are currently in development and can prompt DC danger signal recognition and ...
... restricted to PDC (9). Thereby MDC and PDC do not express the same set of TLR, but their expression is complementary and allows the recognition of a large panel of pathogenic motifs. New therapeutic molecules targeting TLR are currently in development and can prompt DC danger signal recognition and ...
In Vitro Antigen-induced Antibody Responses to Hepatitis B Surface
... secreted anti-HBs IgG was detectable at this point (P > 0.2). There was, however, a striking induction of anti-HBs IgG production by HBsAg (P < 0.01). This antigen-induced antiHBs IgG response was not part of an overall polyclonal response because the total amounts of IgG in the unstimulated (contro ...
... secreted anti-HBs IgG was detectable at this point (P > 0.2). There was, however, a striking induction of anti-HBs IgG production by HBsAg (P < 0.01). This antigen-induced antiHBs IgG response was not part of an overall polyclonal response because the total amounts of IgG in the unstimulated (contro ...
T Cell Receptor (TCR)
... - Class-II MHC => peptides from extracellular (exogenous) proteins from phagocytosis => CD4 T cells 3. APCs serve two key functions for T cell activation: 1st function => process & present Ag peptides w/MHC to T cells 2nd function => provide 2nd co-stimulatory signals, ex. cytokines & surface molecu ...
... - Class-II MHC => peptides from extracellular (exogenous) proteins from phagocytosis => CD4 T cells 3. APCs serve two key functions for T cell activation: 1st function => process & present Ag peptides w/MHC to T cells 2nd function => provide 2nd co-stimulatory signals, ex. cytokines & surface molecu ...
Adhesion Proteins PCOL 582
... Chemokines produced by the antigenpresenting cell (APC) and signals induced by the TCR when it recognizes antigen both act on integrins and lead to their clustering and to conformational changes that increase the affinity of the integrins for their ligands. As a result, the integrins bind with high ...
... Chemokines produced by the antigenpresenting cell (APC) and signals induced by the TCR when it recognizes antigen both act on integrins and lead to their clustering and to conformational changes that increase the affinity of the integrins for their ligands. As a result, the integrins bind with high ...
Here - European Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Society
... the category “immunology, microbiology and virology”. All this is meant to emphasize that immunology is very close to our hearts. Needless to say that many of us have had a strong and long-standing interest in macrophages and dendritic cells. This year´s EMDS meeting focusses on the interaction of m ...
... the category “immunology, microbiology and virology”. All this is meant to emphasize that immunology is very close to our hearts. Needless to say that many of us have had a strong and long-standing interest in macrophages and dendritic cells. This year´s EMDS meeting focusses on the interaction of m ...
Lymphatic System - El Camino College
... Right Lymphatic duct – collects lymph from right arm, right side of head, neck and thorax. When absent, the lymphatic trunks directly open into veins of the neck. Thoracic Duct – collects lymph from rest of the body. It arises inferiorly as an extended sac – Cisterna Chyli, in front of 1st and 2nd l ...
... Right Lymphatic duct – collects lymph from right arm, right side of head, neck and thorax. When absent, the lymphatic trunks directly open into veins of the neck. Thoracic Duct – collects lymph from rest of the body. It arises inferiorly as an extended sac – Cisterna Chyli, in front of 1st and 2nd l ...
The Periodic Fever, Aphthous stomatitis, Pharyngitis - (BORA)
... CD8+ cells decreased during febrile episodes of PFAPA compared to the afebrile period. Levels of IgA, IgD, IgG and IgM did not differ between children with PFAPA and controls and were within age related normal levels. In paper III, 11 children with PFAPA and 16 children with tonsillar hypertrophy we ...
... CD8+ cells decreased during febrile episodes of PFAPA compared to the afebrile period. Levels of IgA, IgD, IgG and IgM did not differ between children with PFAPA and controls and were within age related normal levels. In paper III, 11 children with PFAPA and 16 children with tonsillar hypertrophy we ...
| Specific antigen(s) in sarcoidosis: a link to autoimmunity?
... was weakened when bacterial DNA was identified in sarcoidosis lesions [8, 9]. The results presented by these authors suggest that microorganisms such as propionibacteria and mycobacteria are either the cause or at least an important cofactor in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. In this issue of the E ...
... was weakened when bacterial DNA was identified in sarcoidosis lesions [8, 9]. The results presented by these authors suggest that microorganisms such as propionibacteria and mycobacteria are either the cause or at least an important cofactor in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. In this issue of the E ...
How some mycoplasmas evade host immune responses. Microbe 2
... membranes of these wall-less bacteria. These requirements reflect their relative genomic simplicity. The 580-kb genome of Mycoplasma genitalium, for example, is comparable in size to that of a large virus. Nonetheless, this highly successful group containing both commensals and pathogens withstands ...
... membranes of these wall-less bacteria. These requirements reflect their relative genomic simplicity. The 580-kb genome of Mycoplasma genitalium, for example, is comparable in size to that of a large virus. Nonetheless, this highly successful group containing both commensals and pathogens withstands ...
Activated Monocytes Impacts Presentation by Dendritic Cells and
... derived from the same common progenitor, the pre-DC (8). However, during inflammation or infection the distribution of DCs in lymphoid organs changes, and monocytes can also acquire DC-like features, such as expression of CD11c, MHC-II, and costimulatory molecules (20–22). For example, during Lister ...
... derived from the same common progenitor, the pre-DC (8). However, during inflammation or infection the distribution of DCs in lymphoid organs changes, and monocytes can also acquire DC-like features, such as expression of CD11c, MHC-II, and costimulatory molecules (20–22). For example, during Lister ...
t The Immune System in the Oldest-Old Clinical and Immunological Studies in
... The oldest-old (people aged 80 or older) constituted 5 % of the population in Sweden in 2000, an increase from 1.5 % fifty years earlier. The immune system undergoes dramatic changes at high age, sometimes referred to as “immunosenescence”. However, the natures of these changes, and in particular, t ...
... The oldest-old (people aged 80 or older) constituted 5 % of the population in Sweden in 2000, an increase from 1.5 % fifty years earlier. The immune system undergoes dramatic changes at high age, sometimes referred to as “immunosenescence”. However, the natures of these changes, and in particular, t ...
Bee Propolis: Ancient Cure for Today`s Ailments
... Anti-HIV-1 activity of propolis in CD4+ lymphocyte and microglial cellcultures. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102(1), 158-163. Retrieved September 2, 2005, from ScienceDirect database, On the World Wide Web: http://www.sciencedirect.com Hubbell, S. (1988). A Book of Bees… and How to Keep Them. New Y ...
... Anti-HIV-1 activity of propolis in CD4+ lymphocyte and microglial cellcultures. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102(1), 158-163. Retrieved September 2, 2005, from ScienceDirect database, On the World Wide Web: http://www.sciencedirect.com Hubbell, S. (1988). A Book of Bees… and How to Keep Them. New Y ...
CTLA-4-mediated regulatory phenotype of T-cells in tolerant lung recipients , S. Boniface*,
... ABSTRACT: Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is the major cause of long-term lung allograft loss resulting from an unclear immune process occurring in the absence of the donor’s immune cells. The present authors hypothesised that interactions of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) with Tcells could differ ...
... ABSTRACT: Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is the major cause of long-term lung allograft loss resulting from an unclear immune process occurring in the absence of the donor’s immune cells. The present authors hypothesised that interactions of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) with Tcells could differ ...
Humoral and cellular immune responses induced by the urease
... Although much simpler than its mammalian counterpart, the host-defense system of insects relies on an intricate array of innate reactions such as complex recognition, signaling and effector systems [13, 14]. ...
... Although much simpler than its mammalian counterpart, the host-defense system of insects relies on an intricate array of innate reactions such as complex recognition, signaling and effector systems [13, 14]. ...
Express Inducible NKG2D Ligands That Mouse NK Cell Activity
... and channels them, in a receptor-mediated manner, into the MHC class I presentation pathway of professional APCs, which then prime peptide-specific CTL (12). Therefore, HSP70 derived from tumors can be used as tumor-specific vaccines (13). HSP70 also elicits the release of proinflammatory cytokines ...
... and channels them, in a receptor-mediated manner, into the MHC class I presentation pathway of professional APCs, which then prime peptide-specific CTL (12). Therefore, HSP70 derived from tumors can be used as tumor-specific vaccines (13). HSP70 also elicits the release of proinflammatory cytokines ...
Osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes stimulate autologous T cell
... some of these cartilage-related antigens elicit arthropathy in animal models (912). Most of these proteins are reported to be secreted from articular chondrocytes, and therefore it is suggested that a specific T cell immune response to the chondrocyte-related antigens may occur in the vicinity of th ...
... some of these cartilage-related antigens elicit arthropathy in animal models (912). Most of these proteins are reported to be secreted from articular chondrocytes, and therefore it is suggested that a specific T cell immune response to the chondrocyte-related antigens may occur in the vicinity of th ...
NIH Public Access - IUPUI ScholarWorks
... lung is most likely achieved by direct infection of RDC. Different DC subsets in both mice and humans differ in susceptibility to IAV infection. In case of IAV H1N1 PR/8 infection in mice, CD103+ RDCs, unlike CD11bhi RDCs, are highly susceptible to infection with this strain in vivo (Hao et al. 2008 ...
... lung is most likely achieved by direct infection of RDC. Different DC subsets in both mice and humans differ in susceptibility to IAV infection. In case of IAV H1N1 PR/8 infection in mice, CD103+ RDCs, unlike CD11bhi RDCs, are highly susceptible to infection with this strain in vivo (Hao et al. 2008 ...
Platelets as immune-sensing cells
... inflammation influences both coagulation2 and the immune functions of platelets.3 In this report, we will focus on and advocate for the emerging role of platelet immune functions in a nonhemostatic and inflammatory setting. This includes the ability of platelets to battle invading pathogens during i ...
... inflammation influences both coagulation2 and the immune functions of platelets.3 In this report, we will focus on and advocate for the emerging role of platelet immune functions in a nonhemostatic and inflammatory setting. This includes the ability of platelets to battle invading pathogens during i ...
Review
... One of the major challenges in immunology is the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the discrimination between pathogens and autoantigens. Thymic clonal deletion and induction of anergy or apoptosis of self-reactive T cells upon exposure to self-antigen have been consider ...
... One of the major challenges in immunology is the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the discrimination between pathogens and autoantigens. Thymic clonal deletion and induction of anergy or apoptosis of self-reactive T cells upon exposure to self-antigen have been consider ...
Local immune regulation in human pregnancy Charlotte Gustafsson
... During pregnancy, the woman carries a fetus partly foreign to her immune system, because of the expression of paternal antigens. Despite this, the fetus is normally tolerated and not rejected, as is often the case with organs in allogeneic transplantations. Systemic changes in maternal blood occur d ...
... During pregnancy, the woman carries a fetus partly foreign to her immune system, because of the expression of paternal antigens. Despite this, the fetus is normally tolerated and not rejected, as is often the case with organs in allogeneic transplantations. Systemic changes in maternal blood occur d ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.