PDF - Leukaemia Foundation
... will have their own guidelines on the specific platelet count level when interventions may need to be taken. Platelet transfusions are sometimes given to return the platelet count to a safer level. ...
... will have their own guidelines on the specific platelet count level when interventions may need to be taken. Platelet transfusions are sometimes given to return the platelet count to a safer level. ...
Exploring S-Shaped Growth
... classic examples of S-shaped behavior. The cellular growth of a plant and physical and intellectual development in small children, along with the body's immune response, are all subject to S-shaped growth. This paper will begin by exploring population dynamics, taking as an example Jean's population ...
... classic examples of S-shaped behavior. The cellular growth of a plant and physical and intellectual development in small children, along with the body's immune response, are all subject to S-shaped growth. This paper will begin by exploring population dynamics, taking as an example Jean's population ...
ABSTRACT
... and destroyed. Toll-like receptors and Nods/NALPs, however, provide signaling to alert the cell that the material being ingested is foreign. Toll-like receptors are membrane associated receptors present on phagocytes and other cells that lead to activation of the innate immune system. Toll was first ...
... and destroyed. Toll-like receptors and Nods/NALPs, however, provide signaling to alert the cell that the material being ingested is foreign. Toll-like receptors are membrane associated receptors present on phagocytes and other cells that lead to activation of the innate immune system. Toll was first ...
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren
... and acute phase proteins, which provide immediate host defenses. Whereas the innate response is rapid and may damage normal tissues due to lack of specificity, the adaptive response takes several days or weeks to develop. The latter is characterized by specificity and memory that provide long lastin ...
... and acute phase proteins, which provide immediate host defenses. Whereas the innate response is rapid and may damage normal tissues due to lack of specificity, the adaptive response takes several days or weeks to develop. The latter is characterized by specificity and memory that provide long lastin ...
Modeling the effector - regulatory T cell cross
... (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypical dynamics is not understood yet. In order to gain insight about the mechanisms that drive these relapsing-r ...
... (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypical dynamics is not understood yet. In order to gain insight about the mechanisms that drive these relapsing-r ...
Modeling the effector - regulatory T cell cross
... (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypical dynamics is not understood yet. In order to gain insight about the mechanisms that drive these relapsing-r ...
... (MS). Although current understanding of both cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is significant, how their activity generates this prototypical dynamics is not understood yet. In order to gain insight about the mechanisms that drive these relapsing-r ...
First Line of Defense in Early Human Life
... further investigations, including prospective clinical studies, are required to establish the contribution of BPI in the protection against Gramnegative bacterial infection at birth. Recently, administration of recombinant BPI to cord blood proved to exert a beneficial effect on newborns against Gra ...
... further investigations, including prospective clinical studies, are required to establish the contribution of BPI in the protection against Gramnegative bacterial infection at birth. Recently, administration of recombinant BPI to cord blood proved to exert a beneficial effect on newborns against Gra ...
ESTRUCTURACIÓ DE LA RESPOSTA B A LES
... The discovery of RAG and Tdt expression in GCs has suggested that secondary VDJ rearrangement may be another process that contributes to GC function 33~35 The presence of well-organized B cell structures in AITD glands may be relevant to pathogenesis, not only for the production of autoantibodies bu ...
... The discovery of RAG and Tdt expression in GCs has suggested that secondary VDJ rearrangement may be another process that contributes to GC function 33~35 The presence of well-organized B cell structures in AITD glands may be relevant to pathogenesis, not only for the production of autoantibodies bu ...
Activation of Innate Immune Responses by Non
... Welfare (THL), Research 138. pages. Helsinki, Finland 2014. ISBN 978-952302-312-3 (printed); ISBN 978-952-302-313-0 (online publication) The human body is continuously interacting with microbes. Cells of the immune system protect the host from microbes some of which can occasionally cause disease ...
... Welfare (THL), Research 138. pages. Helsinki, Finland 2014. ISBN 978-952302-312-3 (printed); ISBN 978-952-302-313-0 (online publication) The human body is continuously interacting with microbes. Cells of the immune system protect the host from microbes some of which can occasionally cause disease ...
Maternal immune characteristics and innate immune responses in the
... aiming at investigating the relationship between the innate immune system, involving the toll-like receptors, and allergy development. Further, the maternal influence on the child, possibly through in utero effects, but also through the breast milk, has shown to be of great importance. This thesis a ...
... aiming at investigating the relationship between the innate immune system, involving the toll-like receptors, and allergy development. Further, the maternal influence on the child, possibly through in utero effects, but also through the breast milk, has shown to be of great importance. This thesis a ...
Regulatory T Helper Cells in Pregnancy and Tolerance Linköping University Post Print
... helper subsets like Th2 and the most recently established T helper subset, Th1711. Consequently, pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are present also in Th2-mediated pathology such as allergic inflammation, and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 is for example involved in deve ...
... helper subsets like Th2 and the most recently established T helper subset, Th1711. Consequently, pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are present also in Th2-mediated pathology such as allergic inflammation, and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 is for example involved in deve ...
Red blood cells
... Exposure to fetal red blood cell antigens generally occurs during delivery, when bleeding takes place at the placenta and uterus. Such mixing of fetal and maternal blood can stimulate the mother’s immune system to produce anti-Rh antibodies, leading to ...
... Exposure to fetal red blood cell antigens generally occurs during delivery, when bleeding takes place at the placenta and uterus. Such mixing of fetal and maternal blood can stimulate the mother’s immune system to produce anti-Rh antibodies, leading to ...
Licentiate-thesis from the Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
... clonal deletion and clonal anergy of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells4. This appears to happen after high-dose feeding. Many intestinal CD4+ T cells have been postulated to be regulatory T cells and thus important for maintaining local tolerance towards environmental antigens10. When IL-10 and TGFβ wer ...
... clonal deletion and clonal anergy of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells4. This appears to happen after high-dose feeding. Many intestinal CD4+ T cells have been postulated to be regulatory T cells and thus important for maintaining local tolerance towards environmental antigens10. When IL-10 and TGFβ wer ...
Full-Text PDF
... The gastrointestinal tract is populated with an extremely dense bacterial community (~1014 bacterial cells and 500–1,000 species) [1]. The host and commensal bacteria have established a symbiotic relationship that contributes to the development of the immune system and maintenance of our normal phys ...
... The gastrointestinal tract is populated with an extremely dense bacterial community (~1014 bacterial cells and 500–1,000 species) [1]. The host and commensal bacteria have established a symbiotic relationship that contributes to the development of the immune system and maintenance of our normal phys ...
Innate immunity and new adjuvants
... the body and are expressed in various types of immune cells including antigen-presenting cells (APC) and lymphocytes. Of special importance are dendritic cells (DC), highly effective APC that express a wide variety of PRR. These receptors are used by DC as ‘sensors’ for pathogens and they also sampl ...
... the body and are expressed in various types of immune cells including antigen-presenting cells (APC) and lymphocytes. Of special importance are dendritic cells (DC), highly effective APC that express a wide variety of PRR. These receptors are used by DC as ‘sensors’ for pathogens and they also sampl ...
Type I interferons produced by hematopoietic cells protect
... (RIG) I, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (Mda-5), and, possibly, protein kinase dependent on RNA (PKR) (5, 6). Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) produce type I IFNs in response to exogenous viral RNA or DNA signaling via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR7 or TLR9 (6). Many cells, including conventiona ...
... (RIG) I, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (Mda-5), and, possibly, protein kinase dependent on RNA (PKR) (5, 6). Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) produce type I IFNs in response to exogenous viral RNA or DNA signaling via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR7 or TLR9 (6). Many cells, including conventiona ...
Anti-adhesion therapy of bacterial diseases: prospects and problems
... broad spectrum of activity could be especially e¡ective. While it may be possible to ¢nd suitable inhibitors for particular pathogens, it is unlikely that it will be possible to match every individual or group of pathogens with speci¢c diets that contain complementary adhesin inhibitors. Empirical o ...
... broad spectrum of activity could be especially e¡ective. While it may be possible to ¢nd suitable inhibitors for particular pathogens, it is unlikely that it will be possible to match every individual or group of pathogens with speci¢c diets that contain complementary adhesin inhibitors. Empirical o ...
Analysis of the functional roles of Mammary Serum Amyloid A3 protein
... that may play an important functional role. In order to analyze the protein properties four studies were performed. In the first study, the protein was recombinantly produced in a bacterial expression system. This was important, as difficulty in protein purific ...
... that may play an important functional role. In order to analyze the protein properties four studies were performed. In the first study, the protein was recombinantly produced in a bacterial expression system. This was important, as difficulty in protein purific ...
Mucosal inflammation in idiopathic bronchiectasis: cellular and molecular mechanisms REVIEW
... infection, through a cell-mediated immune reaction, has an important role in the pathogenetic mechanism of bronchiectasis. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and epithelial cells are a major first line of defence following P. aeruginosa lung infection [32, 33]. Stimulated AMs, secreting a number of pro-infl ...
... infection, through a cell-mediated immune reaction, has an important role in the pathogenetic mechanism of bronchiectasis. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and epithelial cells are a major first line of defence following P. aeruginosa lung infection [32, 33]. Stimulated AMs, secreting a number of pro-infl ...
Article
... γδ T cells are as efficient as αβ T cells to protect mice from MCMVinduced death In mice, MCMV-specific αβ T cells control viral spread and protect infected mice from death [27] but little is known regarding the implication of γδ T cells. To evaluate the respective contribution of αβ and γδ T cells ...
... γδ T cells are as efficient as αβ T cells to protect mice from MCMVinduced death In mice, MCMV-specific αβ T cells control viral spread and protect infected mice from death [27] but little is known regarding the implication of γδ T cells. To evaluate the respective contribution of αβ and γδ T cells ...
Platelet-derived CD154 enables T-cell priming and
... since antigen presenting cells (APCs) that are not fully activated are poor stimulators of T- or B-cell responses.1-3 However, the initial infection usually involves entry of only a few microbes resulting in a very low antigen dose unlikely to provoke a prompt immune response. To compensate, the imm ...
... since antigen presenting cells (APCs) that are not fully activated are poor stimulators of T- or B-cell responses.1-3 However, the initial infection usually involves entry of only a few microbes resulting in a very low antigen dose unlikely to provoke a prompt immune response. To compensate, the imm ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.