ImmunLec21-2010 - 81-493
... human infant the thymus weighs 70 gms by age 40-50 it is only 3 gms. ...
... human infant the thymus weighs 70 gms by age 40-50 it is only 3 gms. ...
Marginal zone B cells – super potent, and super dangerous? Heike
... The immune system is our best weapon in the fight against viruses and harmful bacteria. It possesses the amazing ability to distinguish between foreign substances and the body's own substances and cells. However, sometimes the immune system does not work properly and makes the serious mistake of att ...
... The immune system is our best weapon in the fight against viruses and harmful bacteria. It possesses the amazing ability to distinguish between foreign substances and the body's own substances and cells. However, sometimes the immune system does not work properly and makes the serious mistake of att ...
Body Defenses
... APCs are macrophages that engulf pathogens and then present pieces of the antigen to ...
... APCs are macrophages that engulf pathogens and then present pieces of the antigen to ...
T cells - De Anza College
... • Immunotoxins: Mabs conjugated with a toxin to target cancer cells • Chimeric Mabs: Genetically modified mice that produce Ab with a human constant region • Humanized Mabs: Mabs that are mostly human, except for mouse antigen-binding ...
... • Immunotoxins: Mabs conjugated with a toxin to target cancer cells • Chimeric Mabs: Genetically modified mice that produce Ab with a human constant region • Humanized Mabs: Mabs that are mostly human, except for mouse antigen-binding ...
Aspirations Diploma Plus High School
... (4) inserting part of their DNA into the bacterial cells 2. Certain microbes can cause immune responses in the body because they contain (1) antigens (2) enzymes (3) fats ...
... (4) inserting part of their DNA into the bacterial cells 2. Certain microbes can cause immune responses in the body because they contain (1) antigens (2) enzymes (3) fats ...
1. dia
... Normal tissue cells do not express co-stimulatory molecules and do not produce T cell differentiating cytokines NO SIGNAL 2. for CD4+ Th activation Migration of naive T lymphocytes to normal tissues is limited Antigen presenting cells are not activated in normal tissues ...
... Normal tissue cells do not express co-stimulatory molecules and do not produce T cell differentiating cytokines NO SIGNAL 2. for CD4+ Th activation Migration of naive T lymphocytes to normal tissues is limited Antigen presenting cells are not activated in normal tissues ...
The Lymphatic System
... Permanent Immunity: once the body has been exposed to a specific pathogen, memory B and T cells remain capable of producing antibodies to that pathogen ...
... Permanent Immunity: once the body has been exposed to a specific pathogen, memory B and T cells remain capable of producing antibodies to that pathogen ...
Overview of the Immune System Zoran Galic Ph.D.
... Innate Immune Response: The Cellular Response Steps in phagocytosis of a bacterium ...
... Innate Immune Response: The Cellular Response Steps in phagocytosis of a bacterium ...
Specific Resistance = Immunity
... 1) They bind to infected target host cells (typically due to virus or intracellular bacterium) expressing the antigen-MHC via Tc cell receptor. They also bind to cells with non-self MHC (e.g. tranplants; tumor cells). 2) Binding stimulates secretion of extracellular enzymes (perforins) to degrade th ...
... 1) They bind to infected target host cells (typically due to virus or intracellular bacterium) expressing the antigen-MHC via Tc cell receptor. They also bind to cells with non-self MHC (e.g. tranplants; tumor cells). 2) Binding stimulates secretion of extracellular enzymes (perforins) to degrade th ...
PHA 321 - Biosciences II
... 8. Delayed type hypersensitivity primarily involves A) T cells. B) erythrocytes. C) mast cells. D) B cells. ...
... 8. Delayed type hypersensitivity primarily involves A) T cells. B) erythrocytes. C) mast cells. D) B cells. ...
Immune System Lyrics (Parts 1 and 2)
... Leads to redness and to swelling and a painful sensation Sentinel cells and tissues emit chemical alarms That draw defenders to the scene defending us from harm. The first cell to arrive could be a neutrophil The most abundant type of white blood cell They're phagocytes, engulfing viruses and germs ...
... Leads to redness and to swelling and a painful sensation Sentinel cells and tissues emit chemical alarms That draw defenders to the scene defending us from harm. The first cell to arrive could be a neutrophil The most abundant type of white blood cell They're phagocytes, engulfing viruses and germs ...
T cell area PROFESSIONAL ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS
... • Neonatal T cells are not intrinsically tolerisable but the neonatal environment predisposes to tolerance • Antigens induce tolerance or immunity depending upon the ability of the immune system to sense them as ‘dangererous’, and not by sensing whether they are self or ‘non-self’. • Apoptosis, the ...
... • Neonatal T cells are not intrinsically tolerisable but the neonatal environment predisposes to tolerance • Antigens induce tolerance or immunity depending upon the ability of the immune system to sense them as ‘dangererous’, and not by sensing whether they are self or ‘non-self’. • Apoptosis, the ...
Slide 1
... IgM - makes up 10% of our total antibodies. This is the predominant early antibody; the one that first activates in an initial attack of antigen. Because of its high number of antigen binding sites (5), it is an effective agglutinator of antigen . This is important in the initial activation of B-cel ...
... IgM - makes up 10% of our total antibodies. This is the predominant early antibody; the one that first activates in an initial attack of antigen. Because of its high number of antigen binding sites (5), it is an effective agglutinator of antigen . This is important in the initial activation of B-cel ...
Defense Mechanisms Immunology
... (Hypothalamus) to a higher temperature – Causes Vasoconstriction – Inhibits microbe and viral multiplication, reduces nutrient availability, increases immune reactions Fig. 14.16 Diapedesis and chemotaxis of leukocytes. ...
... (Hypothalamus) to a higher temperature – Causes Vasoconstriction – Inhibits microbe and viral multiplication, reduces nutrient availability, increases immune reactions Fig. 14.16 Diapedesis and chemotaxis of leukocytes. ...
Environmental factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity
... schift and can protect against Th1 mediated autoimmune diseases Some autoimmune mouse strains develop autoimmunity strictly in pathogen free conditions ...
... schift and can protect against Th1 mediated autoimmune diseases Some autoimmune mouse strains develop autoimmunity strictly in pathogen free conditions ...
Kinds of Resistance Defense Mechanisms
... – Granulocytes (large cytoplasmic granules) • Neutrophils phagocytes, digestive enzyme, 1st to arrive • Basophils histamine, like eosinophils, localized ones called mast cells • Eosinophils phagocytosis, eukaryotic pathogens, inflammation & allergy ...
... – Granulocytes (large cytoplasmic granules) • Neutrophils phagocytes, digestive enzyme, 1st to arrive • Basophils histamine, like eosinophils, localized ones called mast cells • Eosinophils phagocytosis, eukaryotic pathogens, inflammation & allergy ...
Eric, Amy Tyler and Nate
... Lymph nodes are small bean-like organs of the immune system that are spread widely throughout the body and is linked by lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes are defenders of B and T cells as well as other immune cells that are found in your body. The lymph nodes are like a factory where the B cells develo ...
... Lymph nodes are small bean-like organs of the immune system that are spread widely throughout the body and is linked by lymphatic vessels. Lymph nodes are defenders of B and T cells as well as other immune cells that are found in your body. The lymph nodes are like a factory where the B cells develo ...
Holly Gets Sick
... 5. What type of defense cell kills both infected and non-infected cells in Holly’s body? ____________________________ 6. What type of defense cell moves through tissues “cleaning up” cellular debris from Holly’s infection? ____________________________ How do they do this? ...
... 5. What type of defense cell kills both infected and non-infected cells in Holly’s body? ____________________________ 6. What type of defense cell moves through tissues “cleaning up” cellular debris from Holly’s infection? ____________________________ How do they do this? ...
1st - structure of the immune system 2012-13
... - phagocyting cells - does not present in healthy tissues - tissue damage, migration, elimination of pathogens (enzymes, reactive oxygen intermediers) - main participants in acute inflammatory processes ...
... - phagocyting cells - does not present in healthy tissues - tissue damage, migration, elimination of pathogens (enzymes, reactive oxygen intermediers) - main participants in acute inflammatory processes ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.