Chapter 12
... phagocytosis by Elie Metchnicoff resulted in a Nobel Prize in 1908 (Figure 12.9). A variety of phagocytic cells are strategically located throughout the body. Macrophages are monocytes that have migrated out of the blood. Collectively, monocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages are referred to as “prof ...
... phagocytosis by Elie Metchnicoff resulted in a Nobel Prize in 1908 (Figure 12.9). A variety of phagocytic cells are strategically located throughout the body. Macrophages are monocytes that have migrated out of the blood. Collectively, monocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages are referred to as “prof ...
Ch 43 Notes
... In vertebrates, innate immunity is a first response to infections and also serves as the foundation of adaptive immunity ...
... In vertebrates, innate immunity is a first response to infections and also serves as the foundation of adaptive immunity ...
Lecture #19 Date ______
... • Plasma cells: antibody-producing effector B-cells • Secondary immune response: immune response if the individual is exposed to the same antigen at some later time~ Immunological memory ...
... • Plasma cells: antibody-producing effector B-cells • Secondary immune response: immune response if the individual is exposed to the same antigen at some later time~ Immunological memory ...
Emotional Behaviors
... Consists of cells that protect the body against invaders like bacteria and viruses – Leukocytes • White Blood Cells • Patrol blood and other body fluids for invaders • Identifies antigens on intruders and signal attack from immune system – Macrophage • Surrounds intruder, digests it, and exposes its ...
... Consists of cells that protect the body against invaders like bacteria and viruses – Leukocytes • White Blood Cells • Patrol blood and other body fluids for invaders • Identifies antigens on intruders and signal attack from immune system – Macrophage • Surrounds intruder, digests it, and exposes its ...
The Immune System
... Their nucleus is a great reniform or horseshoe-shaped. The cytoplasm is transparent, but with an appearance of "ground glass" Monocytes are the precursors of macrophages. After attaining maturity in the bone marrow, enter the blood circulation where they stay for 24-36 hours. Then they migrate into ...
... Their nucleus is a great reniform or horseshoe-shaped. The cytoplasm is transparent, but with an appearance of "ground glass" Monocytes are the precursors of macrophages. After attaining maturity in the bone marrow, enter the blood circulation where they stay for 24-36 hours. Then they migrate into ...
Lymphatic and Immune System Information Sheet
... forms when plasma leaves the capillaries and enters tissue spaces between cells. It is composed of water, digested nutrients, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, lymphocytes, and metabolic wastes, such as urea. 3) Lymphatic vessels are either small open-ended drainpipes called lymphatic capillaries or ...
... forms when plasma leaves the capillaries and enters tissue spaces between cells. It is composed of water, digested nutrients, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, lymphocytes, and metabolic wastes, such as urea. 3) Lymphatic vessels are either small open-ended drainpipes called lymphatic capillaries or ...
DEFINING HYPERSENSITIVITY
... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: antibody is made against one's own RBC's. Erythroblastosis fetalis: maternal IgG crosses the placenta and attaches to fetal RBC's. Goodpasture's syndrome: glomerular basement membrane antibody is present. ...
... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia: antibody is made against one's own RBC's. Erythroblastosis fetalis: maternal IgG crosses the placenta and attaches to fetal RBC's. Goodpasture's syndrome: glomerular basement membrane antibody is present. ...
PPT21Chapter21ImmuneSystem
... the blood vessels of the skin dilate, heat is lost and the person sweats. ...
... the blood vessels of the skin dilate, heat is lost and the person sweats. ...
The lymphatic vessels in the villi of the small intestine, called , are
... The accumulation of white blood cells, bacterial cells, and damaged tissue cells creates a. exudate. c. a scab. b. pus. The most active phagocytes in the blood are and Phagocytes that remain fixed in position within various organs are called a. neutrophils. c. macrophages. b. monocytes. Macrophages ...
... The accumulation of white blood cells, bacterial cells, and damaged tissue cells creates a. exudate. c. a scab. b. pus. The most active phagocytes in the blood are and Phagocytes that remain fixed in position within various organs are called a. neutrophils. c. macrophages. b. monocytes. Macrophages ...
1) if the response to an antigen
... Interferon is also capable of providing resistance to infection in host cells not virally infected. 5- Acute Phase proteins: which are defense proteins produced by the liver in response to infection, particularly bacterial infection. The most significance acute phase protein is called ‘ C-reactive ...
... Interferon is also capable of providing resistance to infection in host cells not virally infected. 5- Acute Phase proteins: which are defense proteins produced by the liver in response to infection, particularly bacterial infection. The most significance acute phase protein is called ‘ C-reactive ...
Living systems are open system organized in a hierarchical manner
... Program 1: Systems and integrative biology of human immune cells Among the diversity of immune cell types, dendritic cells (DCs) are central to the immune response and have the unique capacity to link innate and adaptive immunity. Their function is tightly linked to their ability to integrate multip ...
... Program 1: Systems and integrative biology of human immune cells Among the diversity of immune cell types, dendritic cells (DCs) are central to the immune response and have the unique capacity to link innate and adaptive immunity. Their function is tightly linked to their ability to integrate multip ...
Document
... Trick normal cells into taking you in – Yersinia pseudotuberculosis expresses a protein that binds to E-cadherin and stimulates cells into forming a cell junction, through which the bacterium ...
... Trick normal cells into taking you in – Yersinia pseudotuberculosis expresses a protein that binds to E-cadherin and stimulates cells into forming a cell junction, through which the bacterium ...
3/12 TCOS IO symposium
... The various elements that participate in innate immunity exhibit broad specificity against foreign agents by recognising molecules not found in the host. By contrast, acquired or adaptive immunity always exhibits antigenic specificity. As its name implies, acquired immunity is a consequence of an en ...
... The various elements that participate in innate immunity exhibit broad specificity against foreign agents by recognising molecules not found in the host. By contrast, acquired or adaptive immunity always exhibits antigenic specificity. As its name implies, acquired immunity is a consequence of an en ...
Biology Notes
... reproducing. When lactic acid formed instead of alcohol, he observed small rod-like microbes mixed with the yeast. In this, he discovered that yeast caused the fermentation of sugar into alcohol and that containing microorganisms made the fermentations sour. This went against the simple ‘sugar broke ...
... reproducing. When lactic acid formed instead of alcohol, he observed small rod-like microbes mixed with the yeast. In this, he discovered that yeast caused the fermentation of sugar into alcohol and that containing microorganisms made the fermentations sour. This went against the simple ‘sugar broke ...
T Cell Development and Selection, Part I
... II. TCR gene rearrangement. 1). Four loci, , , , (but is contained completely within -- this has interesting implications). 2) Diversity via V(D)J recombination. RAG proteins, dsDNA repair proteins, scid mutation, etc. N-regions, P-nucleotides. 3) Distinctive features—TCR locus with ~ 50 J ...
... II. TCR gene rearrangement. 1). Four loci, , , , (but is contained completely within -- this has interesting implications). 2) Diversity via V(D)J recombination. RAG proteins, dsDNA repair proteins, scid mutation, etc. N-regions, P-nucleotides. 3) Distinctive features—TCR locus with ~ 50 J ...
Thymus Gland – Located Lymph Nodes – Small,
... and white blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to other cells and body parts, and remove carbon dioxide. White blood cells look for and destroy pathogens. The different types of white blood cells are phagocytes, B-cells and T-cells. ...
... and white blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to other cells and body parts, and remove carbon dioxide. White blood cells look for and destroy pathogens. The different types of white blood cells are phagocytes, B-cells and T-cells. ...
Immune System Review
... 6. Antibodies functions include complement fixation and antigen neutralization, precipitation, and agglutination 7. Monoclonal antibodies are pure preparations of single antibody type useful in diagnostic tests and treating some cancers CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE 1. MHC proteins and antigen presentati ...
... 6. Antibodies functions include complement fixation and antigen neutralization, precipitation, and agglutination 7. Monoclonal antibodies are pure preparations of single antibody type useful in diagnostic tests and treating some cancers CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE 1. MHC proteins and antigen presentati ...
Immune System
... Receptor proteins on the cytotoxic T cells (TC) bind to viral antigens displayed by infected cells Cytotoxic T cells (TC) punch a hole in the cell’s membrane Your body produces many cytotoxic T cells (TC) - each specific to a particular antigen ...
... Receptor proteins on the cytotoxic T cells (TC) bind to viral antigens displayed by infected cells Cytotoxic T cells (TC) punch a hole in the cell’s membrane Your body produces many cytotoxic T cells (TC) - each specific to a particular antigen ...
Chapter 31 Immune System and Diseases
... • Low fevers stimulate the production of interferons, which prevent viruses from reproducing • Low fevers also make white blood cells mature faster, which is important because only mature WBCs can destroy pathogens • High fevers (103°F or above) are dangerous because at that point, the hypothalamus ...
... • Low fevers stimulate the production of interferons, which prevent viruses from reproducing • Low fevers also make white blood cells mature faster, which is important because only mature WBCs can destroy pathogens • High fevers (103°F or above) are dangerous because at that point, the hypothalamus ...
31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System
... milk, wheat, etc. – airborne, e.g. pollen, dust mite feces, mold, etc. – chemical, e.g. nickel, medicine, bee stings, etc. ...
... milk, wheat, etc. – airborne, e.g. pollen, dust mite feces, mold, etc. – chemical, e.g. nickel, medicine, bee stings, etc. ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.