4A-2 Worksheet KEY
... substances that are secreted by B cells. Antibodies are specific to antigens, so antibodies tell the B cells if a cell needs to be destroyed or cloned. ...
... substances that are secreted by B cells. Antibodies are specific to antigens, so antibodies tell the B cells if a cell needs to be destroyed or cloned. ...
Animal Diseases
... Release chemicals that can induce the production of more white blood cells to help fight disease ...
... Release chemicals that can induce the production of more white blood cells to help fight disease ...
Freeman 1e: How we got there
... antigens that compose our body tissue. Thus, T cells must achieve tolerance, or specific unresponsiveness to self antigens. • The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that provides an environment for the maturation of antigen-reactive T cells. ...
... antigens that compose our body tissue. Thus, T cells must achieve tolerance, or specific unresponsiveness to self antigens. • The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that provides an environment for the maturation of antigen-reactive T cells. ...
Nature of The Immune System
... Interferons - family of proteins which are important nonspecific defense mechanisms against viral infections. Transferrin - Bacteria do not thrive well in serum that contains low levels of iron but high levels of transferrin. Complement - a group of proteins that are essential for bacterial destruct ...
... Interferons - family of proteins which are important nonspecific defense mechanisms against viral infections. Transferrin - Bacteria do not thrive well in serum that contains low levels of iron but high levels of transferrin. Complement - a group of proteins that are essential for bacterial destruct ...
Immune responses in viral infections
... 1. Cell-mediated immune response (CMI): is the major specific immune response against intracellular bacteria. Helper and cytotoxic T cells cooperate in cell-mediated immunity against intracellular microbes. There are two types of cell-mediated reactions: killing of phagocytosed intracellular bacteri ...
... 1. Cell-mediated immune response (CMI): is the major specific immune response against intracellular bacteria. Helper and cytotoxic T cells cooperate in cell-mediated immunity against intracellular microbes. There are two types of cell-mediated reactions: killing of phagocytosed intracellular bacteri ...
Bio07_TR__U10_CH40.QXD
... The skin is the most important nonspecific defense. It forms a barrier that few pathogens can get through. Mucus, saliva, and tears trap pathogens and contain an enzyme that kills bacteria. If pathogens manage to enter the body, other nonspecific defenses go to work. The inflammatory response occurs ...
... The skin is the most important nonspecific defense. It forms a barrier that few pathogens can get through. Mucus, saliva, and tears trap pathogens and contain an enzyme that kills bacteria. If pathogens manage to enter the body, other nonspecific defenses go to work. The inflammatory response occurs ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... Classified according to the degree of MHC similarity between donor and host: autograft – recipient also serves as donor isograft – tissue from identical twin is grafted allograft – genetically different individuals but of the same species (humans) xenograft – individuals of different species ...
... Classified according to the degree of MHC similarity between donor and host: autograft – recipient also serves as donor isograft – tissue from identical twin is grafted allograft – genetically different individuals but of the same species (humans) xenograft – individuals of different species ...
Recombinant Human GM-CSF
... granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine or immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is ...
... granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine or immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is ...
1. dia
... – toxic shock syndrom toxin-1 (TSST-1) Simultaneous binding to MHC class II and TCR -chain irrespective of peptide binding specificity ...
... – toxic shock syndrom toxin-1 (TSST-1) Simultaneous binding to MHC class II and TCR -chain irrespective of peptide binding specificity ...
The Immune System - beta-glucan-info
... car coming off a production line, the antibody's frame remains constant, but through chemical and cellular messages, the immune system selects a green sedan, a red convertible or a white truck to combat this particular invader. However, in contrast to cars, the variety of antibodies is very large. D ...
... car coming off a production line, the antibody's frame remains constant, but through chemical and cellular messages, the immune system selects a green sedan, a red convertible or a white truck to combat this particular invader. However, in contrast to cars, the variety of antibodies is very large. D ...
Commensalism • Benefits both the host and the commensal
... Benefits both the host and the commensal. Commensal- gets ready supply of nutrients and sanctuary Host- commensal competes with other pathogens for nutrients Produces antimicrobial components Produces compound needed by host e.g. HCL Human body commensal is MICROFLORA Human microflora ...
... Benefits both the host and the commensal. Commensal- gets ready supply of nutrients and sanctuary Host- commensal competes with other pathogens for nutrients Produces antimicrobial components Produces compound needed by host e.g. HCL Human body commensal is MICROFLORA Human microflora ...
the immune system - lpvec
... • are found in tissues like the skin, near blood vessels. • are activated after antigen binds to a specific type of antibody called IgE that is attached to receptors on the mast cell. • activated mast cells release substances that contribute to inflammation, such as histamine. ...
... • are found in tissues like the skin, near blood vessels. • are activated after antigen binds to a specific type of antibody called IgE that is attached to receptors on the mast cell. • activated mast cells release substances that contribute to inflammation, such as histamine. ...
BC Science 8 - resourceskillsandtutorial
... White blood cells recognize an antigen or pathogen and signal for helper T cells which activate B cells to produce antibodies to attack them The antibodies then destroy the antigen or pathogen ...
... White blood cells recognize an antigen or pathogen and signal for helper T cells which activate B cells to produce antibodies to attack them The antibodies then destroy the antigen or pathogen ...
Chapter 5 Immunity, Hypersensitivity, Allergy, and Autoimmune
... Specific populations of lymphocytes perform specific functions. Cells of immune system communicate and produce their effects by secreting cytokines. TYPES OF IMMUNITY AUTOIMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Immature lymphocytes develop immune competence in thymus (T lymphocytes) or bone mar ...
... Specific populations of lymphocytes perform specific functions. Cells of immune system communicate and produce their effects by secreting cytokines. TYPES OF IMMUNITY AUTOIMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Immature lymphocytes develop immune competence in thymus (T lymphocytes) or bone mar ...
MCDB 1030
... Be sure you are clear on the distinctions between bacteria and viruses, and know which of the diseases we talked about are caused by which type of pathogen. 1. (14 points) Explain why both cellular and humoral immunity are important for fighting a viral infection. Cellular immunity is important beca ...
... Be sure you are clear on the distinctions between bacteria and viruses, and know which of the diseases we talked about are caused by which type of pathogen. 1. (14 points) Explain why both cellular and humoral immunity are important for fighting a viral infection. Cellular immunity is important beca ...
Ch 12 Adaptive Defense Mechanisms
... IgM—can fix complement IgA—found mainly in mucus IgD—important in activation of B cell IgG—can cross placental barrier; fixes complement IgE—involved in allergies ...
... IgM—can fix complement IgA—found mainly in mucus IgD—important in activation of B cell IgG—can cross placental barrier; fixes complement IgE—involved in allergies ...
specific
... Draw and label the structure of an antibody molecule. Include the following components: light chain, heavy chain, variable region, constant region, disulfide bonds, antigen binding site, and antigen. Compare and contrast IgG and IgM. ...
... Draw and label the structure of an antibody molecule. Include the following components: light chain, heavy chain, variable region, constant region, disulfide bonds, antigen binding site, and antigen. Compare and contrast IgG and IgM. ...
Immune system summary
... tears trap pathogens and contain an enzyme that kills bacteria. • Second line of defense. When pathogens do enter the body, other nonspecific defenses go to work. The inflammatory response is a nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. Blood vessels near the wound ...
... tears trap pathogens and contain an enzyme that kills bacteria. • Second line of defense. When pathogens do enter the body, other nonspecific defenses go to work. The inflammatory response is a nonspecific defense reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. Blood vessels near the wound ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.