Nowrin
... Figure 1.2: Distinct though mutually coordinated Innate and adaptive immunity http://www.rikenresearch.riken .jp/engffrontline/5028 ...
... Figure 1.2: Distinct though mutually coordinated Innate and adaptive immunity http://www.rikenresearch.riken .jp/engffrontline/5028 ...
Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology,
... According to the WHO, the interaction between the twin pandemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) could soon become a "threat to global health security," particularly with the emergence of almost untreatable strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Understanding the mechanis ...
... According to the WHO, the interaction between the twin pandemics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) could soon become a "threat to global health security," particularly with the emergence of almost untreatable strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Understanding the mechanis ...
innovative development strategies and applications for bispecific
... of Removab interacts with other immune system effectors such as natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The close proximity of the tumor cells with the immune cells promotes activation of immune cells, and subsequent destruction of cancer cells. [4] The two major classes of bispecifi ...
... of Removab interacts with other immune system effectors such as natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The close proximity of the tumor cells with the immune cells promotes activation of immune cells, and subsequent destruction of cancer cells. [4] The two major classes of bispecifi ...
7 CHAPTER Diverging effects of classically (M1) and alternatively (M2)
... The major pathological hallmarks of MS are multiple demyelinated lesions containing perivascular infiltrates and astrogliosis. The lesions are also associated with axonal damage and loss 1. Axonal loss is the major correlate for clinical disability occurring in patients 2;3. Axonal loss and injury t ...
... The major pathological hallmarks of MS are multiple demyelinated lesions containing perivascular infiltrates and astrogliosis. The lesions are also associated with axonal damage and loss 1. Axonal loss is the major correlate for clinical disability occurring in patients 2;3. Axonal loss and injury t ...
Gene, environment, microbiome and mucosal immune tolerance in
... MALT and ectopic lymphoid structures can then traffic first to regional lymphatics, then systemically and finally back through the circulation to mucosal sites (such as the gut lamina propria) where they can perform effector functions [17, 19]. In particular, several molecules including a4b7 integri ...
... MALT and ectopic lymphoid structures can then traffic first to regional lymphatics, then systemically and finally back through the circulation to mucosal sites (such as the gut lamina propria) where they can perform effector functions [17, 19]. In particular, several molecules including a4b7 integri ...
Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance against intestinal
... example, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)‑dependent responses to bacterial peptidoglycan fragments enhance the expression of antimicrobial cryptdin peptides by Paneth cells of the intestinal epithelium117. Commensal bacteria also induce Paneth and epithelial cells to express regene ...
... example, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2)‑dependent responses to bacterial peptidoglycan fragments enhance the expression of antimicrobial cryptdin peptides by Paneth cells of the intestinal epithelium117. Commensal bacteria also induce Paneth and epithelial cells to express regene ...
Innate Type 2 Immunity Is Associated with Eosinophilic Pleural
... eosinophilia in the pleural fluid, is often associated with the presence of air and/or blood in the pleural space (1). Although a common manifestation of various pleural diseases, the precise mechanism underlying EPE is largely unknown (1). Eosinophils are responsible for host protective immunity ag ...
... eosinophilia in the pleural fluid, is often associated with the presence of air and/or blood in the pleural space (1). Although a common manifestation of various pleural diseases, the precise mechanism underlying EPE is largely unknown (1). Eosinophils are responsible for host protective immunity ag ...
crosstalk between epithelial cells and macrophages - DORAS
... Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) ................................................... 48 ...
... Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) ................................................... 48 ...
Expanding roles for CD4+ T cells in immunity to viruses
... effector mechanisms. At the earliest stages of infection, innate immune mechanisms are initiated in response to the binding of pathogens to pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), and this stimulates the antiviral activities of innate immune cells to provide a crucial initial block on viral replicatio ...
... effector mechanisms. At the earliest stages of infection, innate immune mechanisms are initiated in response to the binding of pathogens to pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), and this stimulates the antiviral activities of innate immune cells to provide a crucial initial block on viral replicatio ...
How do red blood cells know when to die?
... high PS and low CD47 expression are comparable to apoptotic host cells, while those expressing very low levels of CD47 can be likened to foreign cells. Bearing these analogies in mind, we hypothesize the existence of two alternative pathways of RBC phagocytosis that entail different macrophage react ...
... high PS and low CD47 expression are comparable to apoptotic host cells, while those expressing very low levels of CD47 can be likened to foreign cells. Bearing these analogies in mind, we hypothesize the existence of two alternative pathways of RBC phagocytosis that entail different macrophage react ...
Mast Cell Activation and Migration to Lymph Nodes during
... primary antibodies; goat anti–mouse MIP-1a or MIP-1b (R&D Systems), and affinity-purified polyclonal rabbit anti–mouse mast cell protease-5 (mMCP-5) (40), for 1 h at room temperature, followed by HRP-conjugated donkey anti–goat IgG (Serotec, Australian Laboratory Services, Sydney, Australia) for 1 h ...
... primary antibodies; goat anti–mouse MIP-1a or MIP-1b (R&D Systems), and affinity-purified polyclonal rabbit anti–mouse mast cell protease-5 (mMCP-5) (40), for 1 h at room temperature, followed by HRP-conjugated donkey anti–goat IgG (Serotec, Australian Laboratory Services, Sydney, Australia) for 1 h ...
Tissue adaptation: Implications for gut immunity and tolerance
... In biology, adaptation generally refers to the process that enhances the fitness of individuals equipped with plasticity in response to imposed conditions (Mayr, 1982). In this sense, immune cells can be considered highly adaptive entities. First, they display inter- and intratissue migratory capaci ...
... In biology, adaptation generally refers to the process that enhances the fitness of individuals equipped with plasticity in response to imposed conditions (Mayr, 1982). In this sense, immune cells can be considered highly adaptive entities. First, they display inter- and intratissue migratory capaci ...
Lymphatic system.pps - Elizabeth Bauer Consults
... Blood constitutes about 7% of the body's total weight. Blood flows from the heart into arteries, then to capillaries, and returns to the heart through veins. All blood cells are manufactured by stem cells, which live mainly in the bone marrow, by a process called hematopoiesis. ...
... Blood constitutes about 7% of the body's total weight. Blood flows from the heart into arteries, then to capillaries, and returns to the heart through veins. All blood cells are manufactured by stem cells, which live mainly in the bone marrow, by a process called hematopoiesis. ...
thesis - KI Open Archive
... NK-DC interaction was investigated in this thesis. Stimulated DC´s ability to activate NK cells. DC are no longer considered to be a homogenous cell type, instead several subtypes have been described both in mice and humans. Bone-marrow derived DC grown in GM-CSF have been mostly used in reported st ...
... NK-DC interaction was investigated in this thesis. Stimulated DC´s ability to activate NK cells. DC are no longer considered to be a homogenous cell type, instead several subtypes have been described both in mice and humans. Bone-marrow derived DC grown in GM-CSF have been mostly used in reported st ...
CD4+ T-Cell-Independent Secondary Immune Responses to
... BMPCs (CD45R−CD138+) are long-lived cells that secrete neutralizing antibody after exposure to antigen. As terminally differentiated B-cells of the bone marrow compartment, they do not survive or secrete antibody in vitro without the support of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Mouse MSCs were isolated ...
... BMPCs (CD45R−CD138+) are long-lived cells that secrete neutralizing antibody after exposure to antigen. As terminally differentiated B-cells of the bone marrow compartment, they do not survive or secrete antibody in vitro without the support of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Mouse MSCs were isolated ...
nuclear hormone receptors enable macrophages and dendritic cells
... sites or survey the tissues for foreign/accumulated molecules and pathogens to engulf. In response to inflammatory stimuli, monocytes are rapidly recruited to the sites of inflammation where they are involved not only in the killing/ elimination of such particles but evoke specific signaling process ...
... sites or survey the tissues for foreign/accumulated molecules and pathogens to engulf. In response to inflammatory stimuli, monocytes are rapidly recruited to the sites of inflammation where they are involved not only in the killing/ elimination of such particles but evoke specific signaling process ...
Long-Term Protective Immunity Induced Against
... of drugs that have much diminished past morbidity and mortality rates. Drugs used for treatment are not effective in chronically infected individuals and parasites naturally resistant to chemotherapy have been described in various regions of Latin America (Urbina, 2001; Camandaroba et al., 2003). Th ...
... of drugs that have much diminished past morbidity and mortality rates. Drugs used for treatment are not effective in chronically infected individuals and parasites naturally resistant to chemotherapy have been described in various regions of Latin America (Urbina, 2001; Camandaroba et al., 2003). Th ...
iiiiiiiiii - Cancer Research
... Sera are obtained from a few drops of blood drawn into fine glass tubules from the tails of the rats under investigation. One end of each tubule is sealed and after centrifugation the portion of the tubule containing the serum is cut off with a diamond. In order to obtain a suitable suspension of re ...
... Sera are obtained from a few drops of blood drawn into fine glass tubules from the tails of the rats under investigation. One end of each tubule is sealed and after centrifugation the portion of the tubule containing the serum is cut off with a diamond. In order to obtain a suitable suspension of re ...
Cell-Extrinsic Immune - The Journal of Immunology
... he immune system relies on rapid expansion of rare Ag-specific lymphocytes to effectively control replicating pathogens. Consequently, upon receiving the correct signals, T cells undergo efficient clonal expansion and differentiate to acquire effector function. However, for immune homeostasis to be ...
... he immune system relies on rapid expansion of rare Ag-specific lymphocytes to effectively control replicating pathogens. Consequently, upon receiving the correct signals, T cells undergo efficient clonal expansion and differentiate to acquire effector function. However, for immune homeostasis to be ...
Immune diseases And Children
... Phagocytes or macrophages are large white cells that can swallow and digest microbes and other foreign particles. Monocytes are phagocytes that circulate in the blood. Dendritic cells are found in the parts of lymphoid organs where T cells also exist. Like macrophages, dendritic cells in lymphoid ti ...
... Phagocytes or macrophages are large white cells that can swallow and digest microbes and other foreign particles. Monocytes are phagocytes that circulate in the blood. Dendritic cells are found in the parts of lymphoid organs where T cells also exist. Like macrophages, dendritic cells in lymphoid ti ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.