Doctoral thesis from the Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren Institute,
... During infancy, before adaptive immunity has matured, innate immunity is thought to be relatively more important. Human natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells involved in the control of virus-infected cells and can influence adaptive immunity mainly through cytokine production. This thesi ...
... During infancy, before adaptive immunity has matured, innate immunity is thought to be relatively more important. Human natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells involved in the control of virus-infected cells and can influence adaptive immunity mainly through cytokine production. This thesi ...
Pinto, A. K., A. M. Jamieson, D. H. Raulet, and A. B. Hill. 2007. The role of NKG2D signaling in inhibition of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte lysis by the Murine cytomegalovirus immunoevasin m152/gp40. J. Viro 81:12564-12571 .
... by its inhibition of NKG2D signaling. As was predictable from the results reported in the literature, NKG2D ligands were not detected by NKG2D tetramer staining of cells infected with wild-type MCMV, whereas those infected with MCMV lacking m152/gp40 displayed measurable levels of the NKG2D ligand. ...
... by its inhibition of NKG2D signaling. As was predictable from the results reported in the literature, NKG2D ligands were not detected by NKG2D tetramer staining of cells infected with wild-type MCMV, whereas those infected with MCMV lacking m152/gp40 displayed measurable levels of the NKG2D ligand. ...
Deep Insight Section Th17 cells: inflammation and regulation in Oncology and Haematology
... CD4+ T cells play a pivotal role in host defense, but are also recognized to have pathogenic roles such as in autoimmunity, asthma, cancer and allergic responses (Zhu et al., 2010). On activation by co-stimulatory molecules and particular cytokines, naïve CD4+ T cells can differentiate into the dist ...
... CD4+ T cells play a pivotal role in host defense, but are also recognized to have pathogenic roles such as in autoimmunity, asthma, cancer and allergic responses (Zhu et al., 2010). On activation by co-stimulatory molecules and particular cytokines, naïve CD4+ T cells can differentiate into the dist ...
Software Modeling of the Complement System and its role in
... I am indebted to my supervisor Dr. Jugal K. Kalita for helping me define my topic in this thesis and having been of invaluable assistance in my endeavors. He has given me constant support and guidance through out. I would like to thank Dr. Karen Newell and Dr. Maria Augusteijn for agreeing to be my ...
... I am indebted to my supervisor Dr. Jugal K. Kalita for helping me define my topic in this thesis and having been of invaluable assistance in my endeavors. He has given me constant support and guidance through out. I would like to thank Dr. Karen Newell and Dr. Maria Augusteijn for agreeing to be my ...
The immune responses of the coral
... recognition receptors (PRRs) to initiate an immune response. These receptors, which appear to be highly conserved across the animal kingdom, are complex proteins that bind to highly conserved cell wall structures from foreign entities collectively known as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP ...
... recognition receptors (PRRs) to initiate an immune response. These receptors, which appear to be highly conserved across the animal kingdom, are complex proteins that bind to highly conserved cell wall structures from foreign entities collectively known as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP ...
Insoluble and soluble immune complexes activate neutrophils by
... eutrophils have a crucial role in host protection against bacterial and fungal infections and thus possess a battery of cytotoxic enzymes and associated pathways to perform this important function.1–3 During phagocytosis, these cytotoxic processes are activated and delivered within intracellular pha ...
... eutrophils have a crucial role in host protection against bacterial and fungal infections and thus possess a battery of cytotoxic enzymes and associated pathways to perform this important function.1–3 During phagocytosis, these cytotoxic processes are activated and delivered within intracellular pha ...
Skeletal System
... they are attacked by the inflammatory response, by macrophages and finally, by lymphocytes of the immune system Lymphocytes are white blood cells and that each lymphocyte recognizes and attacks its own type of foreign molecule, called an antigen ...
... they are attacked by the inflammatory response, by macrophages and finally, by lymphocytes of the immune system Lymphocytes are white blood cells and that each lymphocyte recognizes and attacks its own type of foreign molecule, called an antigen ...
The immune system
... We detect antibodies against etiological agent of the disease in a patients serum, i.e. non pathogenic P. vulgaris and not R. prowasekii, is used as antigen in this serological in vitro reaction A laboratory worker is protected from being infected ...
... We detect antibodies against etiological agent of the disease in a patients serum, i.e. non pathogenic P. vulgaris and not R. prowasekii, is used as antigen in this serological in vitro reaction A laboratory worker is protected from being infected ...
Basophils: new players in the cytokine network
... in the bone marrow before entering the bloodstream, conversely to mast cells that leave this site at a precursor stage to differentiate in peripheral tissues [19]. All hematopoietic lineages depend on a specific factor for their terminal differentiation, such as erythropoietin for erythroid progenit ...
... in the bone marrow before entering the bloodstream, conversely to mast cells that leave this site at a precursor stage to differentiate in peripheral tissues [19]. All hematopoietic lineages depend on a specific factor for their terminal differentiation, such as erythropoietin for erythroid progenit ...
Cryptic T-Cell Epitopes and their Role in the
... into fragments for presentation to T lymphocytes. This mechanism is known as antigen processing and is a fundamental early step in the introduction of immunity to protein antigens. Of the many fragments produced by processing, not all are necessarily presented to or recognized by T lymphocytes. Howe ...
... into fragments for presentation to T lymphocytes. This mechanism is known as antigen processing and is a fundamental early step in the introduction of immunity to protein antigens. Of the many fragments produced by processing, not all are necessarily presented to or recognized by T lymphocytes. Howe ...
Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 productively infects immature
... The maturation state of DCs affects their susceptibility to productive cHV-68 infection To investigate the susceptibility of DCs of different maturation states to cHV-68 infection, we first isolated and cultured DCs from C57BL/6 bone marrow. After 8 days of culture, the ex vivo-expanded DCs were lef ...
... The maturation state of DCs affects their susceptibility to productive cHV-68 infection To investigate the susceptibility of DCs of different maturation states to cHV-68 infection, we first isolated and cultured DCs from C57BL/6 bone marrow. After 8 days of culture, the ex vivo-expanded DCs were lef ...
immunology core notes
... A next level of defense is manifested by a variety of cells and serum molecules which may promote ingestion and killing of potentially infectious organisms, cells including macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, and molecules including complement and defensins. These modes of protection are p ...
... A next level of defense is manifested by a variety of cells and serum molecules which may promote ingestion and killing of potentially infectious organisms, cells including macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, and molecules including complement and defensins. These modes of protection are p ...
Suppression of adaptive immune responses during primary SIV
... transfer of broadly NAbs.13,14 Recently, a limited number of studies have evaluated the role of B cell–mediated immune responses in SIV containment in rhesus macaques.15-17 Humoral immune responses did not contribute to viral containment in primary infection,15 but an accelerated disease progression ...
... transfer of broadly NAbs.13,14 Recently, a limited number of studies have evaluated the role of B cell–mediated immune responses in SIV containment in rhesus macaques.15-17 Humoral immune responses did not contribute to viral containment in primary infection,15 but an accelerated disease progression ...
The Role of Macrophages in the Placenta
... (Ym1) (Daley et al., 2010; Black et al., 2008) It is worth noting that the complexity of studying alternatively-activated M2 macrophage phenotypes is also attributed to divergent profiles in different animal models. While Arg-1 has become a reliable marker of murine M2 macrophages, it is not a good ...
... (Ym1) (Daley et al., 2010; Black et al., 2008) It is worth noting that the complexity of studying alternatively-activated M2 macrophage phenotypes is also attributed to divergent profiles in different animal models. While Arg-1 has become a reliable marker of murine M2 macrophages, it is not a good ...
A monoclonal antibody against lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 decreases HIV-1
... plays a role in leukocyte trafficking, antigen presentation, cellular activation, and adhesion of Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to their targets. In addition to its role in the immune response, LFA-1 and its ligands are incorporated into the viral envelope as HIV-1 buds from the cell surface [1]. Th ...
... plays a role in leukocyte trafficking, antigen presentation, cellular activation, and adhesion of Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to their targets. In addition to its role in the immune response, LFA-1 and its ligands are incorporated into the viral envelope as HIV-1 buds from the cell surface [1]. Th ...
Department of Immunology, the Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Doctoral thesis
... Ju mer man tänker, desto mer inser man att det inte finns något enkelt svar. Nalle Puh – AA Milne ...
... Ju mer man tänker, desto mer inser man att det inte finns något enkelt svar. Nalle Puh – AA Milne ...
Role of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 and its ligands during
... systemic nature of this infection and the presence of abundant antigen [43]. This was associated not only with delayed T-cell responses including decreased interferon-γ production, but also a significant defect in the recruitment of inflammatory macrophages [43]. This points to either a direct or in ...
... systemic nature of this infection and the presence of abundant antigen [43]. This was associated not only with delayed T-cell responses including decreased interferon-γ production, but also a significant defect in the recruitment of inflammatory macrophages [43]. This points to either a direct or in ...
Giuliana Magri Characterization of natural killer cell response to human cytomegalovirus
... families of MHC class I binding receptors expressed by NK cells which engagement delivers inhibitory signals (inhibitory NKR)31-35. Tolerance to self is achieved during NK cells development and maturation through a process called “licensing” or “education”. This process requires recognition by NK ce ...
... families of MHC class I binding receptors expressed by NK cells which engagement delivers inhibitory signals (inhibitory NKR)31-35. Tolerance to self is achieved during NK cells development and maturation through a process called “licensing” or “education”. This process requires recognition by NK ce ...
Immune maturation and lymphocyte characteristics in relation
... induce IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-17A-producing FOXP3+CD161+ T-helper cells in a ...
... induce IL-10, IFN-γ and IL-17A-producing FOXP3+CD161+ T-helper cells in a ...
Immunology Program Graduates
... Thesis Advisor: Dr. Angus Thomson Ethanol Exposure and Dendritic Cell Function Lazar Vujanovic, Ph.D., 2006 Thesis Advisor: Dr. Walter Storkus Promoting Type-1 CD4+ T Cell Immune Responses against Tumor-associated Antigen MAGE-A6 Pamela Beatty, Ph.D., 2006 Thesis Advisosr: Dr. Olivera Finn MUC1 in t ...
... Thesis Advisor: Dr. Angus Thomson Ethanol Exposure and Dendritic Cell Function Lazar Vujanovic, Ph.D., 2006 Thesis Advisor: Dr. Walter Storkus Promoting Type-1 CD4+ T Cell Immune Responses against Tumor-associated Antigen MAGE-A6 Pamela Beatty, Ph.D., 2006 Thesis Advisosr: Dr. Olivera Finn MUC1 in t ...
The Tuning Innate Immune Activation by Surface
... Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Evelyn A. Kurt-Jones, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Lazare Research ...
... Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Evelyn A. Kurt-Jones, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Lazare Research ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.