The Immune System - Body Defenses
... Steps in Immune defense Detect invader/foreign cells, communicate alarm & recruit immune cells, suppress or destroy invader Innate Immunity – Phagocytosis • Scavenge dead, dying body cells, remove cellular debris • Engulf and digest recognized "foreign" cells • Destroy abnormal (cancerous) • Prote ...
... Steps in Immune defense Detect invader/foreign cells, communicate alarm & recruit immune cells, suppress or destroy invader Innate Immunity – Phagocytosis • Scavenge dead, dying body cells, remove cellular debris • Engulf and digest recognized "foreign" cells • Destroy abnormal (cancerous) • Prote ...
Preparation of Myeloma Cells
... Imagine, for example, being able to make an antibody that will bind only to the cancer cells in a patient delivering a cytotoxic agent (e.g. a strong radioactive isotope or a toxin) to that antibody, and then giving the complex to the patient so it can seek out and destroy the cancer cells (and no n ...
... Imagine, for example, being able to make an antibody that will bind only to the cancer cells in a patient delivering a cytotoxic agent (e.g. a strong radioactive isotope or a toxin) to that antibody, and then giving the complex to the patient so it can seek out and destroy the cancer cells (and no n ...
Lesson 11Adaptive Immunity“Specific Immunity”
... • T-dependent antigens – Ag presented with (self) MHC to TH cell • Distinguishes (self) from antigen to prevent antibody production against host cells – Lupus, Type I diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis – TH cell produces cytokines that activate the B cell • T-independent antigens – Antigens stimula ...
... • T-dependent antigens – Ag presented with (self) MHC to TH cell • Distinguishes (self) from antigen to prevent antibody production against host cells – Lupus, Type I diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis – TH cell produces cytokines that activate the B cell • T-independent antigens – Antigens stimula ...
Sensitive analysis and isolation of ROR1+ B cells
... Ad-CD154-leukemia B cells identify ROR1 as an oncofetal antigen and receptor for Wnt5a. Proc. Acad. Natl. Sci USA 105: 3047–3052. 2. Baskar, S. et al. (2012) Targeting malignant B cells with an immunotoxin against ROR1. MAbs 4: 349–361. 3. Baskar, S. et al. (2008) Unique cell surface express ...
... Ad-CD154-leukemia B cells identify ROR1 as an oncofetal antigen and receptor for Wnt5a. Proc. Acad. Natl. Sci USA 105: 3047–3052. 2. Baskar, S. et al. (2012) Targeting malignant B cells with an immunotoxin against ROR1. MAbs 4: 349–361. 3. Baskar, S. et al. (2008) Unique cell surface express ...
Cross‐presentation of malaria antigen by brain microvessels: why
... Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most serious complications of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The disease mainly affects children under five in endemic areas and is the leading cause of death. Red blood cells (RBCs) infected with P. falciparum express parasite‐derived molecules on the surface, whi ...
... Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most serious complications of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The disease mainly affects children under five in endemic areas and is the leading cause of death. Red blood cells (RBCs) infected with P. falciparum express parasite‐derived molecules on the surface, whi ...
Chapter 24 - Teacher Pages
... against specific antigens When an antigen enters the body it activates only a small subset of lymphocytes that have complementary receptors. In clonal selection, the selected lymphocyte cells – multiply into clones of short-lived effector cells, specialized for defending against the antigen that ...
... against specific antigens When an antigen enters the body it activates only a small subset of lymphocytes that have complementary receptors. In clonal selection, the selected lymphocyte cells – multiply into clones of short-lived effector cells, specialized for defending against the antigen that ...
Lymphatic System - Dr. Annette M. Parrott
... Lymph Nodes Spleen Thymus Tonsils Peyer’s patches MALT ...
... Lymph Nodes Spleen Thymus Tonsils Peyer’s patches MALT ...
Role of Nano Particles and Viruses in Cancer Immunotherapy by... (Dcs) Ehsan Soleymaninejadian, Bagher Golzarroshan, Moosa Haideri, Masoud Mesgari, Ali Atarodi
... nanotechnologists are trying to make nanoparticles and send them to exact places, for example the places that DCs are get together and pulse them or may they carry cytokines at the place of tumor cells and stimulate the immune cells and DCs to come over there and make an immune response against tumo ...
... nanotechnologists are trying to make nanoparticles and send them to exact places, for example the places that DCs are get together and pulse them or may they carry cytokines at the place of tumor cells and stimulate the immune cells and DCs to come over there and make an immune response against tumo ...
Folie 1 - MH
... 1) pathogen activates T-cells via APC proinflammatory cytokines 2) sIg A-antigen complex masks microbeassociated molecular patterns no activation of proinflammatory pathways 3) surface interaction of sIg A with CD4 T cells ...
... 1) pathogen activates T-cells via APC proinflammatory cytokines 2) sIg A-antigen complex masks microbeassociated molecular patterns no activation of proinflammatory pathways 3) surface interaction of sIg A with CD4 T cells ...
SKIN
... processes extend from these dendritic cells between keratinocytes of all the layers, forming a fairly dense network in the epidermis. Langerhans cells bind, process, and present antigens to T lymphocytes in the same manner as immune dendritic cells in other organs. Microorganisms cannot penetrate th ...
... processes extend from these dendritic cells between keratinocytes of all the layers, forming a fairly dense network in the epidermis. Langerhans cells bind, process, and present antigens to T lymphocytes in the same manner as immune dendritic cells in other organs. Microorganisms cannot penetrate th ...
SCAVENGER RECEPTORS
... capture and delivery of antigens to secondary lymphoid organs, and for antigen processing and presentation — in association with MHC molecules — to naive T lymphocytes. MØ and DC express a range of PRR involved both in pathogen recognition and in the induction of adaptive immunity; their uptake of a ...
... capture and delivery of antigens to secondary lymphoid organs, and for antigen processing and presentation — in association with MHC molecules — to naive T lymphocytes. MØ and DC express a range of PRR involved both in pathogen recognition and in the induction of adaptive immunity; their uptake of a ...
The Innate Immune Response
... that detect molecules associated with danger; for example, compounds that are unique to bacteria or are typically released only when tissues are damaged. These sensors can direct and assist other host defenses, facilitating the destruction of the foreign material. Also lying in wait are host cells t ...
... that detect molecules associated with danger; for example, compounds that are unique to bacteria or are typically released only when tissues are damaged. These sensors can direct and assist other host defenses, facilitating the destruction of the foreign material. Also lying in wait are host cells t ...
Human Physiology: Defense against infectious disease
... Humoral immunity can be passively transferred by injecting blood plasma (containing antibodies) from an immune individual into a nonimmune individual. In humoral immunity, antibodies are carried through body fluids to sites of infection wherever they occur. Antibodies mark invaders by binding to the ...
... Humoral immunity can be passively transferred by injecting blood plasma (containing antibodies) from an immune individual into a nonimmune individual. In humoral immunity, antibodies are carried through body fluids to sites of infection wherever they occur. Antibodies mark invaders by binding to the ...
Document
... with two different assays: in assay 1, the spleen cells are incubated with macrophages that have been briefly exposed to the LCM virus; the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a positive response; in assay 2, the spleen cells are incubated with LCM -infected target cells; lysis of the target cells ...
... with two different assays: in assay 1, the spleen cells are incubated with macrophages that have been briefly exposed to the LCM virus; the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a positive response; in assay 2, the spleen cells are incubated with LCM -infected target cells; lysis of the target cells ...
Hypersensitivity - TOP Recommended Websites
... 5 tuberculin units of liquid tuberculin admistered intradermally ...
... 5 tuberculin units of liquid tuberculin admistered intradermally ...
Clinical features
... Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gram negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. About 10% of adults are carriers of the bacteria in their nasopharynx. As an exclusively hum ...
... Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a gram negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. About 10% of adults are carriers of the bacteria in their nasopharynx. As an exclusively hum ...
Lecture 11- Immunity 2
... replaced by macrophages over a period of 2 to 3 weeks. These macrophages become large, and flat (epithelioid cells). The epithelioid cells occasionally fuse under the influence of cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ) to form multinucleated giant cells. ...
... replaced by macrophages over a period of 2 to 3 weeks. These macrophages become large, and flat (epithelioid cells). The epithelioid cells occasionally fuse under the influence of cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ) to form multinucleated giant cells. ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.