Antigens
... • Steps for phagocyte mobilization 1. Leukocytosis: release of neutrophils from bone marrow in response to leukocytosisinducing factors from injured cells 2. Margination: neutrophils cling to walls of capillaries in inflamed area 3. Diapedesis of neutrophils 4. Chemotaxis: inflammatory chemicals ...
... • Steps for phagocyte mobilization 1. Leukocytosis: release of neutrophils from bone marrow in response to leukocytosisinducing factors from injured cells 2. Margination: neutrophils cling to walls of capillaries in inflamed area 3. Diapedesis of neutrophils 4. Chemotaxis: inflammatory chemicals ...
Biomaterials_Lecture 7
... • Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies or complement but rather involves the activation of macrophages, natural killer cells (NK), antigen-specific cytotoxic Tlymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. ...
... • Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies or complement but rather involves the activation of macrophages, natural killer cells (NK), antigen-specific cytotoxic Tlymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. ...
Instructor`s Guide
... passive, artificial immunity: A way to acquire immunity to a particular disease by receiving serum from the blood of someone who has had that disease, and who has already developed antibodies to fight it. It differs from active artificial immunity in that it usually only lasts for a few months. A te ...
... passive, artificial immunity: A way to acquire immunity to a particular disease by receiving serum from the blood of someone who has had that disease, and who has already developed antibodies to fight it. It differs from active artificial immunity in that it usually only lasts for a few months. A te ...
2 - JPC
... humans as well as a wide variety of animals.7 Infection is usually subclinical without signs or lesions, and can result in a latent state.3; however, clinically evident disseminated infection can occur with immunosuppression and/or heavy infectious dose, and usually results in death.3 In this case, ...
... humans as well as a wide variety of animals.7 Infection is usually subclinical without signs or lesions, and can result in a latent state.3; however, clinically evident disseminated infection can occur with immunosuppression and/or heavy infectious dose, and usually results in death.3 In this case, ...
Bitter Taste Bodyguards
... or less sensitive to bitter-tasting substances. If a reaction to bitterness is indeed part of the immune response to invading bacteria, these same genetic variations may also create differences in the way people combat infections. Increased bitter receptor function may confer greater protection agai ...
... or less sensitive to bitter-tasting substances. If a reaction to bitterness is indeed part of the immune response to invading bacteria, these same genetic variations may also create differences in the way people combat infections. Increased bitter receptor function may confer greater protection agai ...
Reading Guide for Week 11_new
... structures for this to happen. Brain teaser: Do you remember why is iron so important to a cell? 14. Understand how another Gram-negative cellular structure, the type III secretion system, can help to establish microbial infection. **The chapter is organized to inform you about how bacteria 1) colon ...
... structures for this to happen. Brain teaser: Do you remember why is iron so important to a cell? 14. Understand how another Gram-negative cellular structure, the type III secretion system, can help to establish microbial infection. **The chapter is organized to inform you about how bacteria 1) colon ...
No Slide Title
... Allergy • Allergic Disease is mediated by IgE • First described by Prausnitz & Kustner in ...
... Allergy • Allergic Disease is mediated by IgE • First described by Prausnitz & Kustner in ...
chapter45
... T4 is converted to T3 in many cases in target cells. Stimulate general growth and development, and the metabolic rate in most tissues. T4 and T3 help maintain normal blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tone, digestion, and reproductive functions. T3 induce or suppress the synthesis of enzymes ...
... T4 is converted to T3 in many cases in target cells. Stimulate general growth and development, and the metabolic rate in most tissues. T4 and T3 help maintain normal blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tone, digestion, and reproductive functions. T3 induce or suppress the synthesis of enzymes ...
Activated B Cell
... V.. Antibodies to soluble proteins Anti-Antibodies: rheumatoid factors Anti-b glycoprotein 1, clotting factors ...
... V.. Antibodies to soluble proteins Anti-Antibodies: rheumatoid factors Anti-b glycoprotein 1, clotting factors ...
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
... to viremia and widespread seeding of lymphoid tissue. The viremia is controlled by the host immune response, and the patient then enters a phase of clinical latency. During this phase, viral replication in both T cells and macrophages continues unabated, but there is some immune containment of virus ...
... to viremia and widespread seeding of lymphoid tissue. The viremia is controlled by the host immune response, and the patient then enters a phase of clinical latency. During this phase, viral replication in both T cells and macrophages continues unabated, but there is some immune containment of virus ...
Cellular Immune Response
... Immunodeficiency disorders are a group of disorders in which part of the immune system is missing or defective. Causes the body's ability to fight infections to be impaired. Person with an immunodeficiency disorder will have frequent infections that are generally more severe and last ...
... Immunodeficiency disorders are a group of disorders in which part of the immune system is missing or defective. Causes the body's ability to fight infections to be impaired. Person with an immunodeficiency disorder will have frequent infections that are generally more severe and last ...
White Blood Cells
... second WBC to arrive at an injury site. (tissue macrophage is first) • in the bloodstream for only about few hrs; tissues for 4-5 days • Opsonization- foreign bodies bound to antibodies leads to more “docking and destruction” (see opsonization slide) ...
... second WBC to arrive at an injury site. (tissue macrophage is first) • in the bloodstream for only about few hrs; tissues for 4-5 days • Opsonization- foreign bodies bound to antibodies leads to more “docking and destruction” (see opsonization slide) ...
Innate Immunity (part II) and Antigen Recognition by Adaptive
... innate immunity • This problem is solved in part by a) targeting molecules that viruses have a hard time changing (dsRNA especially), and b) having multiple mechanisms, making it harder for a virus to evade all of them • Viruses are amazingly good at evasion of immune defenses, but often the most le ...
... innate immunity • This problem is solved in part by a) targeting molecules that viruses have a hard time changing (dsRNA especially), and b) having multiple mechanisms, making it harder for a virus to evade all of them • Viruses are amazingly good at evasion of immune defenses, but often the most le ...
Lympatic Guided Student Notes
... 6. ________________________________ – types of WBC that invade and digest unwanted organisms that could harm the body 7. When fighting infections, lymph nodes can become swollen and tender to touch. 8. B-Cells produce and secrete ________________________________________. 9. T-Cells that mature in th ...
... 6. ________________________________ – types of WBC that invade and digest unwanted organisms that could harm the body 7. When fighting infections, lymph nodes can become swollen and tender to touch. 8. B-Cells produce and secrete ________________________________________. 9. T-Cells that mature in th ...
Lecture 8
... indicators of infection which in turn activates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (= immunesystem activating chemicals). In addition to the cell-to-cell interactions underlying inflammation, the inflammatory response involves localized increases in blood flow, leakage of blood vessels, ...
... indicators of infection which in turn activates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (= immunesystem activating chemicals). In addition to the cell-to-cell interactions underlying inflammation, the inflammatory response involves localized increases in blood flow, leakage of blood vessels, ...
Document
... component chain produced in epithelial cells and involved in the transcellular transport of SIgA (See Figure 1). In humans, following antigen presentation to T helper cells (Th), and differentiation of Th to Th2, the cytokines interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF)- are ...
... component chain produced in epithelial cells and involved in the transcellular transport of SIgA (See Figure 1). In humans, following antigen presentation to T helper cells (Th), and differentiation of Th to Th2, the cytokines interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF)- are ...
Mechanisms of Disease: the hygiene hypothesis revisited
... Antigen-presenting cells take up a foreign antigen and degrade it to immunogenic peptides that are presented to the T-cell receptor. An immunological synapse is formed between the antigen-presenting cell and the T cell as indicated, resulting in cellular conditioning and various grades of activation ...
... Antigen-presenting cells take up a foreign antigen and degrade it to immunogenic peptides that are presented to the T-cell receptor. An immunological synapse is formed between the antigen-presenting cell and the T cell as indicated, resulting in cellular conditioning and various grades of activation ...
Immunity to protozoa and worms
... Eosinophils can kill helminths by both O2-dependenat and O2independenat mechanisms Eosinophils are less phagocytic than neurophils. They degranlate in response to perturbation of their surface membrane and their activates are enhanced by cytokines such as TNFα and GM-CSF. Most of their activities, h ...
... Eosinophils can kill helminths by both O2-dependenat and O2independenat mechanisms Eosinophils are less phagocytic than neurophils. They degranlate in response to perturbation of their surface membrane and their activates are enhanced by cytokines such as TNFα and GM-CSF. Most of their activities, h ...
Cancer Immunity: Lessons From Infectious
... inflammation and tissue repair become fully apparent. Yet, inflammation and immunity affect all stages of neoplastic progression, from initiation, progression, and metastasis formation to the response to cancer therapy. Although the proliferative and invasive properties of transformed neoplastic cell ...
... inflammation and tissue repair become fully apparent. Yet, inflammation and immunity affect all stages of neoplastic progression, from initiation, progression, and metastasis formation to the response to cancer therapy. Although the proliferative and invasive properties of transformed neoplastic cell ...
Norepinephrine Inhibits Energy Metabolism of Human
... While ligand binding studies and functional experiments revealed the presence of high-affinity membrane β -adrenoreceptors, mainly of the β 2 subclass, on human peripheral lymphocytes and other hematopoietic cells (Madden et al., 1995), the expression and functional role of α -adrenoreceptors on imm ...
... While ligand binding studies and functional experiments revealed the presence of high-affinity membrane β -adrenoreceptors, mainly of the β 2 subclass, on human peripheral lymphocytes and other hematopoietic cells (Madden et al., 1995), the expression and functional role of α -adrenoreceptors on imm ...
幻灯片 1
... Dominant Epitope Epitope in primary immune response Cryptic Epitope Epitope in continuous immune response ...
... Dominant Epitope Epitope in primary immune response Cryptic Epitope Epitope in continuous immune response ...
Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting (phagocytosing) harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells. Their name comes from the Greek phagein, ""to eat"" or ""devour"", and ""-cyte"", the suffix in biology denoting ""cell"", from the Greek kutos, ""hollow vessel"". They are essential for fighting infections and for subsequent immunity. Phagocytes are important throughout the animal kingdom and are highly developed within vertebrates. One litre of human blood contains about six billion phagocytes. They were first discovered in 1882 by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov while he was studying starfish larvae. Mechnikov was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery. Phagocytes occur in many species; some amoebae behave like macrophage phagocytes, which suggests that phagocytes appeared early in the evolution of life.Phagocytes of humans and other animals are called ""professional"" or ""non-professional"" depending on how effective they are at phagocytosis. The professional phagocytes include many types of white blood cells (such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells). The main difference between professional and non-professional phagocytes is that the professional phagocytes have molecules called receptors on their surfaces that can detect harmful objects, such as bacteria, that are not normally found in the body. Phagocytes are crucial in fighting infections, as well as in maintaining healthy tissues by removing dead and dying cells that have reached the end of their lifespan.During an infection, chemical signals attract phagocytes to places where the pathogen has invaded the body. These chemicals may come from bacteria or from other phagocytes already present. The phagocytes move by a method called chemotaxis. When phagocytes come into contact with bacteria, the receptors on the phagocyte's surface will bind to them. This binding will lead to the engulfing of the bacteria by the phagocyte. Some phagocytes kill the ingested pathogen with oxidants and nitric oxide. After phagocytosis, macrophages and dendritic cells can also participate in antigen presentation, a process in which a phagocyte moves parts of the ingested material back to its surface. This material is then displayed to other cells of the immune system. Some phagocytes then travel to the body's lymph nodes and display the material to white blood cells called lymphocytes. This process is important in building immunity, and many pathogens have evolved methods to evade attacks by phagocytes.