Complexity of complement activation in sepsis
... tissue damage. Therefore, complement can be currently viewed as an alarm system, which is capable of recognizing structures (danger-associated molecular patterns [DAMPs]) associated with a risk of the disturbance of homeostasis of either infectious or non-infectious origin. The classical pathway is ...
... tissue damage. Therefore, complement can be currently viewed as an alarm system, which is capable of recognizing structures (danger-associated molecular patterns [DAMPs]) associated with a risk of the disturbance of homeostasis of either infectious or non-infectious origin. The classical pathway is ...
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL
... IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress Th17 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that small intestinal eosinophils play a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by regulating Th17 cells via production of IL-1Ra. The small intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a variety ...
... IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress Th17 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that small intestinal eosinophils play a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by regulating Th17 cells via production of IL-1Ra. The small intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a variety ...
Infections That Suggest an Immunodeficiency
... The first mechanism to clear microorganisms breaking epithelial surface-integrity is phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes and macrophages) (Mφ). In the absence of antibodies, bacterial surface polysaccharides activate the alternative pathway of complement, re ...
... The first mechanism to clear microorganisms breaking epithelial surface-integrity is phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear (PMN) and mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes and macrophages) (Mφ). In the absence of antibodies, bacterial surface polysaccharides activate the alternative pathway of complement, re ...
Small intestinal eosinophils regulate Th17 cells by producing IL
... IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress Th17 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that small intestinal eosinophils play a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by regulating Th17 cells via production of IL-1Ra. The small intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a variety ...
... IL-1Ra−deficient mice failed to suppress Th17 cells. Collectively, our results demonstrate that small intestinal eosinophils play a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis by regulating Th17 cells via production of IL-1Ra. The small intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a variety ...
Crosstalk Between Insulin and Toll-like Receptor
... senses membrane-derived structures such as lipids, lipoproteins, and proteins. Another group including TLR3, 7, 8, and 9 is present in the intracellular compartments such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), endosomes, and endolysosomes and recognizes bacterial or virus nucleic acids. This subcellular ...
... senses membrane-derived structures such as lipids, lipoproteins, and proteins. Another group including TLR3, 7, 8, and 9 is present in the intracellular compartments such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), endosomes, and endolysosomes and recognizes bacterial or virus nucleic acids. This subcellular ...
Recent developments in basophil research
... resulting in the formation of allergen-specific IgE antibodies. This raises the question which cells are ...
... resulting in the formation of allergen-specific IgE antibodies. This raises the question which cells are ...
VDR polymorphisms influence the immune response in type 1
... incidence [30,31]. On the other hand, 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits T-cell proliferation and eventually decreases the production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2, INFg) and also activates TGFb1 and IL-4 expression [19]. All of this is achieved by inhibiting Th1 lymphocyte subset differentiation and by en ...
... incidence [30,31]. On the other hand, 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits T-cell proliferation and eventually decreases the production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2, INFg) and also activates TGFb1 and IL-4 expression [19]. All of this is achieved by inhibiting Th1 lymphocyte subset differentiation and by en ...
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... immune down-regulation [28–32]. Moreover, our physiological and psychological stress response “systems” plainly function or were designed to function over the short term, i.e., fight or flight, not for prolonged periods of time. Given the signal molecule commonalties and similarities found in diverse ...
... immune down-regulation [28–32]. Moreover, our physiological and psychological stress response “systems” plainly function or were designed to function over the short term, i.e., fight or flight, not for prolonged periods of time. Given the signal molecule commonalties and similarities found in diverse ...
Monocytes high Differentiation of Ly-6C from the CCR2
... lung dendritic cells (DC) and the development of a T1 adaptive immune response. The objective of this study was to identify the circulating DC precursor(s) responsible for this large increase in lung DC numbers. An established murine model was used to evaluate putative DC precursors in the blood, bo ...
... lung dendritic cells (DC) and the development of a T1 adaptive immune response. The objective of this study was to identify the circulating DC precursor(s) responsible for this large increase in lung DC numbers. An established murine model was used to evaluate putative DC precursors in the blood, bo ...
IL-17/IL-17 receptor system in autoimmune disease
... cells and Th17 [81]. IL-27 inhibits the production of IL-17A and IL-17F by suppressing the expression of the Th17-specific transcription factor RORγ t in a STAT1-dependent manner [82,83]. IFNγ and IL-4, the cytokines for Th1 and Th2 lineage respectively, also mediate transcriptional-factor-dependent ...
... cells and Th17 [81]. IL-27 inhibits the production of IL-17A and IL-17F by suppressing the expression of the Th17-specific transcription factor RORγ t in a STAT1-dependent manner [82,83]. IFNγ and IL-4, the cytokines for Th1 and Th2 lineage respectively, also mediate transcriptional-factor-dependent ...
Host Pathogen Interactions: Is Arabidopsis thaliana
... depending on whether the antigen is viral, cancerous, or more macroscopic (bacterial or parasitic) in nature, either cytotoxic T (TC) cells or plasma B cells are activated (Figure 1). TC cells execute altered self cells, while plasma B cells secrete antibodies to target invading pathogens (Figure 1) ...
... depending on whether the antigen is viral, cancerous, or more macroscopic (bacterial or parasitic) in nature, either cytotoxic T (TC) cells or plasma B cells are activated (Figure 1). TC cells execute altered self cells, while plasma B cells secrete antibodies to target invading pathogens (Figure 1) ...
The Equine Endometrial Cup Reaction
... Pieces of the Puzzle Not until 31 years after Schauder’s original description were the endometrial cups identified as the source of the high concentrations of eCG in the blood of pregnant mares (4). Professor Harold Cole (Figure 1c) and his colleagues in Davis, California, had made the startling dis ...
... Pieces of the Puzzle Not until 31 years after Schauder’s original description were the endometrial cups identified as the source of the high concentrations of eCG in the blood of pregnant mares (4). Professor Harold Cole (Figure 1c) and his colleagues in Davis, California, had made the startling dis ...
SERIES "INFECTION: FRIEND OR FOE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ASTHMA?"
... Role of persistent infection in the control and severity of asthma: focus on Chlamydia pneumoniae. L.C.von Hertzen. #ERS Journals Ltd 2002. ABSTRACT: Conventional risk factors have been unable to explain most of the substantial increase in the prevalence of asthma observed in many countries during t ...
... Role of persistent infection in the control and severity of asthma: focus on Chlamydia pneumoniae. L.C.von Hertzen. #ERS Journals Ltd 2002. ABSTRACT: Conventional risk factors have been unable to explain most of the substantial increase in the prevalence of asthma observed in many countries during t ...
Bee products as immunopotentiation Honey
... • Leukotrienes • These compounds identified by(Schmidt, ...
... • Leukotrienes • These compounds identified by(Schmidt, ...
Neuropilin 1 is expressed on thymus-derived natural
... physiological generation of iT reg cells (Faria and Weiner, 2005; Coombes et al., 2007; Mucida et al., 2007; Sun et al., 2007; Atarashi et al., 2011). We took advantage of the generation of pure Foxp3+ iT reg cells via mucosal route to determine the gene expression pattern of iT reg cells by microar ...
... physiological generation of iT reg cells (Faria and Weiner, 2005; Coombes et al., 2007; Mucida et al., 2007; Sun et al., 2007; Atarashi et al., 2011). We took advantage of the generation of pure Foxp3+ iT reg cells via mucosal route to determine the gene expression pattern of iT reg cells by microar ...
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... complicated relationship between autophagy and apoptosis. CHIKVinduced autophagy delays apoptosis, since early cell death occurs in ATG5-deficient MEFs, resulting in fewer infected cells and limiting viral propagation. By contrast, the number of infected cells increases in ATG5 -/-MEFs. Therefore, a ...
... complicated relationship between autophagy and apoptosis. CHIKVinduced autophagy delays apoptosis, since early cell death occurs in ATG5-deficient MEFs, resulting in fewer infected cells and limiting viral propagation. By contrast, the number of infected cells increases in ATG5 -/-MEFs. Therefore, a ...
Beyond Hemostasis: The Role of Platelets in Inflammation and Infection Archibald McNicol
... platelet response to vessel wall injury with exposure of subendothelial collagen is characterized by the phases of adhesion, amplification and stabilization. This response is mediated by a variety of cell surface receptors, some of which are constitutively present in an active conformation, some of ...
... platelet response to vessel wall injury with exposure of subendothelial collagen is characterized by the phases of adhesion, amplification and stabilization. This response is mediated by a variety of cell surface receptors, some of which are constitutively present in an active conformation, some of ...
Characterization of cell-mediated immune responses elicited
... of T cells activated (or not) by orthotopic corneal grafts, the authors examined the development of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to donor-specific alloantigens. Methods. Recipient BALB/c mice received orthotopic corneal allografts from donor mice that were MHC incompatible at MHC loci only, multipl ...
... of T cells activated (or not) by orthotopic corneal grafts, the authors examined the development of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to donor-specific alloantigens. Methods. Recipient BALB/c mice received orthotopic corneal allografts from donor mice that were MHC incompatible at MHC loci only, multipl ...
PD-L1 Expression as a Predictive Biomarker in Cancer
... factors. A multitude of detection PD-L1 IHC antibodies have been utilized, including 28-8, 5H1, MIH1, and 405.9A11 (24, 38). In addition, a number of proprietary companion diagnostics are being developed in this area (Table 2). Comparative performance characteristics of these assays are not well kno ...
... factors. A multitude of detection PD-L1 IHC antibodies have been utilized, including 28-8, 5H1, MIH1, and 405.9A11 (24, 38). In addition, a number of proprietary companion diagnostics are being developed in this area (Table 2). Comparative performance characteristics of these assays are not well kno ...
PD-L1 Expression as a Predictive Biomarker in Cancer
... factors. A multitude of detection PD-L1 IHC antibodies have been utilized, including 28-8, 5H1, MIH1, and 405.9A11 (24, 38). In addition, a number of proprietary companion diagnostics are being developed in this area (Table 2). Comparative performance characteristics of these assays are not well kno ...
... factors. A multitude of detection PD-L1 IHC antibodies have been utilized, including 28-8, 5H1, MIH1, and 405.9A11 (24, 38). In addition, a number of proprietary companion diagnostics are being developed in this area (Table 2). Comparative performance characteristics of these assays are not well kno ...
Multiple Sclerosis Disease Report
... and cognitive functioning. Its name means “multiple scars or hardening,” and is derived from the observation of multiple areas of demyelination. The exact cause of MS is unknown, but it is believed that environmental factors, heredity, and potential viral infection may play a role in its onset. Ther ...
... and cognitive functioning. Its name means “multiple scars or hardening,” and is derived from the observation of multiple areas of demyelination. The exact cause of MS is unknown, but it is believed that environmental factors, heredity, and potential viral infection may play a role in its onset. Ther ...
Histopathology of bronchiectasis
... the distribution of changes may provide a clue to the underlying aetiology. Post-infective bronchiectasis is traditionally the most common underlying cause, is most often basal and may be confined to a single lobe. However, nonobstructive bronchiectasis may occur in association with a number of othe ...
... the distribution of changes may provide a clue to the underlying aetiology. Post-infective bronchiectasis is traditionally the most common underlying cause, is most often basal and may be confined to a single lobe. However, nonobstructive bronchiectasis may occur in association with a number of othe ...