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Anti-HBV Drugs: Progress, Unmet Needs, and New Hope
Anti-HBV Drugs: Progress, Unmet Needs, and New Hope

... immunodeficiency, and chronic hepatitis B. Many hepatitis B carriers, who are currently free of clinical hepatitis manifestations, can experience flare-ups of liver injury later. Immunoregulatory drugs can improve the patients’ immune response, especially the specific immunity to HBV. Immunoregulato ...
Critical Review A role for anti-HSP60 antibodies in arthritis: a critical review
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... Figure 2:  Immunological interactions triggered by HSP60 biology. Cellular stress can be triggered by external changes in pH, O2, from the presence of oxygen radicals, toxic metabolites from inflammation and the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through toll-like receptor ...
Intact skin and not stripped skin is crucial for the
Intact skin and not stripped skin is crucial for the

... Background: Epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) on intact skin with an epicutaneous delivery system has already been used in preclinical and clinical studies. In epicutaneous vaccination and immunotherapy, the stripping of skin before application of the allergen is suggested to facilitate the passage ...
THE EVOLUTION OF MIMICRY IN PARASITES Amy Hurford
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... tolerance: the suppression of self-reactive lymphocytes in the blood and lymph. Lymphocytes are the cells of the immune system that respond to specific types of antigens, where ‘antigen’ and ‘epitope’ refers to parts of proteins, potentially of parasite or self origin, that have immunological signif ...
Role and significance of the complement system in mucosal
Role and significance of the complement system in mucosal

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ABSTRACT Title of Document:
ABSTRACT Title of Document:

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In Ovo Delivery of CpG DNA Reduces Avian Infectious
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Cell Therapy Systems brochure
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Detection of Post-Transplant Anti-HLA Donor
Detection of Post-Transplant Anti-HLA Donor

... transplants often develop antibodies directed against human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-molecules of the donors’ organs. These pre-formed donor-specific antibodies (DSA) represent a high risk of organ failure as a consequence of antibody-mediated hyper-acute or acute allograft rejection. In order to sel ...
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Understanding Host-Pathogen Interactions in Chronic CNS Infection
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... Upon entry to the CNS, tachyzoite parasites appear to infect astrocytes, neurons, and microglial cells, possibly with different affinities. Parasite infiltration is followed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell influx in a process still not fully understood, but which is critical for control of T. gondii CNS infect ...
Optic Nerve Regeneration: Science and Progress
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... research. The article by Jeffrey Goldberg, MD, PhD, elegantly highlights some of the major issues involved in trying to restore the optic nerve and describes a number of approaches that may help us along this difficult route. An important barrier to the optic nerve’s recovery is the limited regenera ...
Sequential follow up observations of a patient with rubella
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... For many years rubella virus has been aetiologicaly linked to a syndrome of acute polyarthritis occurring particularly in adult women and generally of an acute, self limited nature. Less often, the syndrome may proceed to recurrent or persistent polyarthritis or arthralgia.' Although the acute manif ...
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The heparin-binding domain confers diverse functions of VEGF
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Combinations of type 1 diabetes, celiac disease and allergy
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... that cowpox could be used as vaccine against human smallpox; however it was not until late 19th century that microorganisms were identified as the cause for infections. The function of the immune system is to protect the body from any foreign, and possibly harmful invader, like viruses, bacteria, fu ...
Monoclonal Antibodies Binding Renal Renin
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... renin in the control of the normal or diseased circulation. While these studies can be carried out with conventionally derived antibodies, the difficulty in isolating renin limits the amount of antigen available, and thus, supplies of antibody are also severely limited. Since each antiserum is compr ...
THE HLA SYSTEM
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... different antigens, usually at the one locus (as opposed to a mixture of antibodies in the one serum). This is not a surprising event as it has been demonstrated that different HLA antigens share exactly the same amino acid sequence for most of their molecular structure. Antibodies bind to specific ...
THE MANY FACES OF MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHIES
THE MANY FACES OF MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHIES

... Monoclonal Gammopathies Speculation on their pathogenesis.2 • 3. Evolution from auto-antibodies in autoimmune diseases or from hyperpolyclonal gamma globulinemia to MGUS. • 4. As age progresses immune surveillance diminishes. • 1 in 1.0 X 10^6 cells is usually mutated, but gets eliminated by our cy ...
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction

... the response system involved in maintenance, mediation and recovery from a stress response. At the onset of an acute stress response, signals from the brain (mainly the limbic system) activate the hypothalamus, to secrete corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH). Whether or not a situation is labeled ...
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Immunomics

Immunomics is the study of immune system regulation and response to pathogens using genome-wide approaches. With the rise of genomic and proteomic technologies, scientists have been able to visualize biological networks and infer interrelationships between genes and/or proteins; recently, these technologies have been used to help better understand how the immune system functions and how it is regulated. Two thirds of the genome is active in one or more immune cell types and less than 1% of genes are uniquely expressed in a given type of cell. Therefore, it is critical that the expression patterns of these immune cell types be deciphered in the context of a network, and not as an individual, so that their roles be correctly characterized and related to one another. Defects of the immune system such as autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, and malignancies can benefit from genomic insights on pathological processes. For example, analyzing the systematic variation of gene expression can relate these patterns with specific diseases and gene networks important for immune functions.Traditionally, scientists studying the immune system have had to search for antigens on an individual basis and identify the protein sequence of these antigens (“epitopes”) that would stimulate an immune response. This procedure required that antigens be isolated from whole cells, digested into smaller fragments, and tested against T- and B-cells to observe T- and B- cell responses. These classical approaches could only visualize this system as a static condition and required a large amount of time and labor.Immunomics has made this approach easier by its ability to look at the immune system as a whole and characterize it as a dynamic model. It has revealed that some of the immune system’s most distinguishing features are the continuous motility, turnover, and plasticity of its constituent cells. In addition, current genomic technologies, like microarrays, can capture immune system gene expression over time and can trace interactions of microorganisms with cells of the innate immune system. New, proteomic approaches, including T-cell and B-cells-epitope mapping, can also accelerate the pace at which scientists discover antibody-antigen relationships.
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