Protein phosphatases and the regulation of mitosis
... subunit (R) drawn from a pool of over 150 potential partners. PP2A has a trimeric structure, with one each of the two possible catalytic and A-subunit variants, and a B, B⬘, B⬙ or B subunit. Multiple isoforms of the four B, B⬘, B⬙ and B subunits exist. PP4 has a single catalytic and regulatory sub ...
... subunit (R) drawn from a pool of over 150 potential partners. PP2A has a trimeric structure, with one each of the two possible catalytic and A-subunit variants, and a B, B⬘, B⬙ or B subunit. Multiple isoforms of the four B, B⬘, B⬙ and B subunits exist. PP4 has a single catalytic and regulatory sub ...
Intro Cell-Cell Communication
... signal transduction pathways at once • Abnormal functioning of RTKs is associated with many types of cancers ...
... signal transduction pathways at once • Abnormal functioning of RTKs is associated with many types of cancers ...
Protein microarrays
... global study of gene expression at the protein level, encompassing comparative, functional and structural proteomics. Comparative proteomics thus seeks to quantify the relative abundance of each protein species present in two or more proteomes. Quantitative comparison of these proteomes is a major g ...
... global study of gene expression at the protein level, encompassing comparative, functional and structural proteomics. Comparative proteomics thus seeks to quantify the relative abundance of each protein species present in two or more proteomes. Quantitative comparison of these proteomes is a major g ...
Genetically encoded phenyl azide photochemistry drives
... encode the light-responsive properties. An alternative approach is to use photoreactive chemical groups that can be programmed directly into a protein through the use of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs).5 One such ncAA, p-azido-phenylalanine (azF; Fig. 1a), is particularly useful as it has a relati ...
... encode the light-responsive properties. An alternative approach is to use photoreactive chemical groups that can be programmed directly into a protein through the use of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs).5 One such ncAA, p-azido-phenylalanine (azF; Fig. 1a), is particularly useful as it has a relati ...
Caulobacter Export™ Manual
... amino acids are serine or threonine) and small neutral residues. It contains few charged amino acids. Those few result in an acidic protein with a predicted pI of 3.46. Finally, there are no cysteine residues (7). Structural Features of RsaA: The RsaA protein has been characterized functionally and ...
... amino acids are serine or threonine) and small neutral residues. It contains few charged amino acids. Those few result in an acidic protein with a predicted pI of 3.46. Finally, there are no cysteine residues (7). Structural Features of RsaA: The RsaA protein has been characterized functionally and ...
Lecture 17 Outline Cell Motility: Encompasses both changes in cell
... cargos- vesicles for release from axon. Requires processive Kinesin . Microtubule Motor Proteins Help Arrange Membrane Enclosed Organelles in Eukaryotes- Inhibition of MT polymerization- ER ends up by centrosome and Golgi falls apart. Association of motor proteins with proteins on outside of vesicle ...
... cargos- vesicles for release from axon. Requires processive Kinesin . Microtubule Motor Proteins Help Arrange Membrane Enclosed Organelles in Eukaryotes- Inhibition of MT polymerization- ER ends up by centrosome and Golgi falls apart. Association of motor proteins with proteins on outside of vesicle ...
biochem ch 37 [2-9
... o Patients with cystinuria have genetically determined defect in transport of cystine and basic AAs (lysine, arginine, and ornithine) across brush border membranes of cells in both small intestine and renal tubules (system B0,+) Patients don’t have symptoms of AA deficiency, in part because AAs cy ...
... o Patients with cystinuria have genetically determined defect in transport of cystine and basic AAs (lysine, arginine, and ornithine) across brush border membranes of cells in both small intestine and renal tubules (system B0,+) Patients don’t have symptoms of AA deficiency, in part because AAs cy ...
SLP-76-Cbl-Grb2-Shc Interactions in Fc RI Signaling
... The band that appears just above the Grb2 bands in the Fig 1B lower panel as previously described, is identified as light chain of IgG.32 The figure also suggests that there is an inducible component to the Grb2-SLP-76 interaction as Grb2 binding to SLP-76 is slightly increased on FcgRI activation ( ...
... The band that appears just above the Grb2 bands in the Fig 1B lower panel as previously described, is identified as light chain of IgG.32 The figure also suggests that there is an inducible component to the Grb2-SLP-76 interaction as Grb2 binding to SLP-76 is slightly increased on FcgRI activation ( ...
Chemistry of Life Journal Assignment - Science-with
... c. enzyme concentration (assuming unlimited substrate) d. substrate concentration (assuming limited enzyme) ...
... c. enzyme concentration (assuming unlimited substrate) d. substrate concentration (assuming limited enzyme) ...
Secretion of Beta-Lactamase Requires the Carboxyl End of the Protein.
... were studied in Salmonella typhimurium infected with P22 phage carrying the structural gene for /3-lactamase (the b/a gene) in mutant or wild-type form. The wildtype gene was shown to specify two forms of /Ilactamase which differ in molecular weight by about 2500 daltons. This difference is consiste ...
... were studied in Salmonella typhimurium infected with P22 phage carrying the structural gene for /3-lactamase (the b/a gene) in mutant or wild-type form. The wildtype gene was shown to specify two forms of /Ilactamase which differ in molecular weight by about 2500 daltons. This difference is consiste ...
Regulation of translation initiation following stress
... by various subunits of eIF4 including eIF4E, -4A, -4B, -4F and -4G (reviewed by Clemens and Bommer, 1999; Sachs et al., 1997). Together eIF4E, -4A and -4G form a large complex known as eIF4F. eIF4E is a capbinding protein, eIF4A has a RNA helicase activity and eIF4G is a scaolding subunit that prom ...
... by various subunits of eIF4 including eIF4E, -4A, -4B, -4F and -4G (reviewed by Clemens and Bommer, 1999; Sachs et al., 1997). Together eIF4E, -4A and -4G form a large complex known as eIF4F. eIF4E is a capbinding protein, eIF4A has a RNA helicase activity and eIF4G is a scaolding subunit that prom ...
Expression and Purification of Toxoplasma gondii Cell Cycle
... Toxoplasma gondii is an Apicomplexan obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, which is able to infect virtually all warm-blooded animals. According to the Centers for Disease Control approximately 60 million people in the U.S. are currently infected with T. gondii. Treatments for toxoplasmosis are ...
... Toxoplasma gondii is an Apicomplexan obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, which is able to infect virtually all warm-blooded animals. According to the Centers for Disease Control approximately 60 million people in the U.S. are currently infected with T. gondii. Treatments for toxoplasmosis are ...
Studies of focal adhesion assembly
... composed of three different domain types: Fn1, Fn2 and Fn3. High-resolution structures of many of these component domains and domain combinations have been available for some time [6]; the main remaining uncertainties are associated with how Fn forms complexes with its various partners. Fn has confo ...
... composed of three different domain types: Fn1, Fn2 and Fn3. High-resolution structures of many of these component domains and domain combinations have been available for some time [6]; the main remaining uncertainties are associated with how Fn forms complexes with its various partners. Fn has confo ...
Structure-Function Approach Identifies a COOH
... stearothermophilus T-6 (Fig. 1A; ref. 31). The structure clearly illustrates a TIM-barrel fold that has previously been predicted for the enzyme (19, 29). In addition, conserved glutamic acid residues critical for heparanase catalysis (Glu225 and Glu343; Fig. 1A, red), as well as heparin/HS binding ...
... stearothermophilus T-6 (Fig. 1A; ref. 31). The structure clearly illustrates a TIM-barrel fold that has previously been predicted for the enzyme (19, 29). In addition, conserved glutamic acid residues critical for heparanase catalysis (Glu225 and Glu343; Fig. 1A, red), as well as heparin/HS binding ...
Force is a signal that cells cannot ignore
... By definition, a signal can be transmitted, routed, and transduced, and each of these steps can be a point for regulation. The study of cellular signaling has traditionally rested on biochemical concepts, in which chemical signals are transmitted via diffusion, routed by specific binding interaction ...
... By definition, a signal can be transmitted, routed, and transduced, and each of these steps can be a point for regulation. The study of cellular signaling has traditionally rested on biochemical concepts, in which chemical signals are transmitted via diffusion, routed by specific binding interaction ...
Fig. - Journal of Cell Science
... fingers (Stogios et al., 2005). No such domains have been described for KCTD proteins, yet the region comprising residues 114–237, which is located directly after its BTB domain, is sufficient for interaction with USP21 (Fig. 3A). The combined results of Y2H and pull-down analyses narrow down the US ...
... fingers (Stogios et al., 2005). No such domains have been described for KCTD proteins, yet the region comprising residues 114–237, which is located directly after its BTB domain, is sufficient for interaction with USP21 (Fig. 3A). The combined results of Y2H and pull-down analyses narrow down the US ...
LATS1/WARTS phosphorylates MYPT1 to counteract PLK1 and
... telangiectasia mutated (ATM), the main sensor of double-strand DNA breaks, causes MST2/LATS1 activation by phosphorylating RASSF1A (Ras association domain-containing family 1A) followed by the induction of proapoptotic genes (Hamilton et al., 2009). Consistent with this, LATS1-overexpressing cells u ...
... telangiectasia mutated (ATM), the main sensor of double-strand DNA breaks, causes MST2/LATS1 activation by phosphorylating RASSF1A (Ras association domain-containing family 1A) followed by the induction of proapoptotic genes (Hamilton et al., 2009). Consistent with this, LATS1-overexpressing cells u ...
Scientific articles
... Insulin-responsive aminopeptidase (IRAP) and GLUT4 are two major cargo proteins of GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) that are translocated from a postendosomal storage compartment to the plasma membrane (PM) in response to insulin. The cytoplasmic region of IRAP is reportedly involved in retention of GS ...
... Insulin-responsive aminopeptidase (IRAP) and GLUT4 are two major cargo proteins of GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) that are translocated from a postendosomal storage compartment to the plasma membrane (PM) in response to insulin. The cytoplasmic region of IRAP is reportedly involved in retention of GS ...
Identification and Quantification of Oxidized Proteins
... Primary products are chloro- and di-tyrosyl residues, amino acyl aldehyde adducts, and chloramines Represent unique products of myeloperoxidase activity, reflecting neutrophil and monocyte activity Serve as markers for oxidants generated as part of the ...
... Primary products are chloro- and di-tyrosyl residues, amino acyl aldehyde adducts, and chloramines Represent unique products of myeloperoxidase activity, reflecting neutrophil and monocyte activity Serve as markers for oxidants generated as part of the ...
Effects of various oxidants and antioxidants on the p38
... various forms of environmental stress, including hyperosmolarity, oxidative stress and heat shock [20, 21]. The respective MAPK subfamily in the amphibian heart has been previously characterised in our laboratory [22–25]. In particular, amphibian p38-MAPK has been found to be stimulated by mechanica ...
... various forms of environmental stress, including hyperosmolarity, oxidative stress and heat shock [20, 21]. The respective MAPK subfamily in the amphibian heart has been previously characterised in our laboratory [22–25]. In particular, amphibian p38-MAPK has been found to be stimulated by mechanica ...
How Insulin Works
... mainly carried out by GLUT4, as is the case in skeletal muscle, the body's major insulin target organ. Valverde and coworkers have studied the effects of various enzymatic inhibitors on BAT's responses to insulin. Their data show that several protein kinase systems are involved here. ...
... mainly carried out by GLUT4, as is the case in skeletal muscle, the body's major insulin target organ. Valverde and coworkers have studied the effects of various enzymatic inhibitors on BAT's responses to insulin. Their data show that several protein kinase systems are involved here. ...
How to don a coat
... proteins. Early models conjectured that assembly begins when AP-2 simultaneously binds the other two components. But AP-2 does not assemble on intracellular organelles, where many of the same cargo proteins are present at high concentrations. Also, in its initial conformation, AP-2 cannot easily rec ...
... proteins. Early models conjectured that assembly begins when AP-2 simultaneously binds the other two components. But AP-2 does not assemble on intracellular organelles, where many of the same cargo proteins are present at high concentrations. Also, in its initial conformation, AP-2 cannot easily rec ...
High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)
... Over 50% of coronary events occur in individuals with low to moderate low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.1 The search for additional predictive risk factors has recently focused on the role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis. High sensitivity C-reactive protein, or hsCRP, i ...
... Over 50% of coronary events occur in individuals with low to moderate low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.1 The search for additional predictive risk factors has recently focused on the role of inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis. High sensitivity C-reactive protein, or hsCRP, i ...
news and views Mechanics of the ribosome
... led to the discovery12 of the third domain of life, the Archaea, in 1977. What do the latest crystallographic results actually tell us about the ribosome? They put the whole model-building exercise on a surer footing, and promise much more. At this resolution, a-helices (spirals) in the protein stru ...
... led to the discovery12 of the third domain of life, the Archaea, in 1977. What do the latest crystallographic results actually tell us about the ribosome? They put the whole model-building exercise on a surer footing, and promise much more. At this resolution, a-helices (spirals) in the protein stru ...
Function and Immunocytochemical Localization
... ligand binding, called the cold binding assay, is based on separation of the complex from the free ligand using a centrifugal filter device and evaluation of the bound ligand after gas chromatography–mass spectrometry extraction (Leal et al. 2005). Fluorescent binding assays have been widely used to ...
... ligand binding, called the cold binding assay, is based on separation of the complex from the free ligand using a centrifugal filter device and evaluation of the bound ligand after gas chromatography–mass spectrometry extraction (Leal et al. 2005). Fluorescent binding assays have been widely used to ...
Protein phosphorylation
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification of proteins in which an amino acid residue is phosphorylated by a protein kinase by the addition of a covalently bound phosphate group. Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become activated, deactivated, or modifying its function. The reverse reaction of phosphorylation is called dephosphorylation, and is catalyzed by protein phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases work independently and in a balance to regulate the function of proteins. The amino acids most commonly phosphorylated are serine, threonine, and tyrosine in eukaryotes, and histidine in prokaryotes, which play important and well-characterized roles in signaling pathways and metabolism. However, many other amino acids can also be phosphorylated, including arginine, lysine, and cysteine. Protein phosphorylation was first reported in 1906 by Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research with the discovery of phosphorylated vitellin. However, it was nearly 50 years until the enzymatic phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases was discovered.