Enzyme Substrate Interactions Identification of Enzyme Catalytic Site
... • The favored model of enzyme substrate interaction is known as the induced fit model. • This model proposes that the initial interaction between enzyme and substrate is relatively weak, – These weak interactions rapidly induce conformational changes in the enzyme that strengthen binding and bring c ...
... • The favored model of enzyme substrate interaction is known as the induced fit model. • This model proposes that the initial interaction between enzyme and substrate is relatively weak, – These weak interactions rapidly induce conformational changes in the enzyme that strengthen binding and bring c ...
actin filament-membrane attachment: are membrane particles
... cytoplasm; and secondly, in order to provide directional movement, the actin filaments must be attached to a membrane with a precisely determined polarity. A mechanism for locating actin filaments in specific regions of cells with the requisite polarity could be achieved by having sites for the nucl ...
... cytoplasm; and secondly, in order to provide directional movement, the actin filaments must be attached to a membrane with a precisely determined polarity. A mechanism for locating actin filaments in specific regions of cells with the requisite polarity could be achieved by having sites for the nucl ...
GLYCOLIPID ANCHORING OF CELL SURFACE PROTEINS Mark C
... For inositol or fatty acid analysis, GCMS is required, which necessitates greater investment both financially and in terms of time. Composition data are only valid for extensively purified material, which in most cases will not be available. Metabolic-labelling with ethanolamine or inositol is infor ...
... For inositol or fatty acid analysis, GCMS is required, which necessitates greater investment both financially and in terms of time. Composition data are only valid for extensively purified material, which in most cases will not be available. Metabolic-labelling with ethanolamine or inositol is infor ...
Dual-topology membrane proteins Escherichia coli Susanna Seppälä
... Cellular identity relies on the existence of the cellular membrane, a semipermeable barrier that encloses any cell and defines its boundary. In many cells, the interior is further divided into membrane enclosed compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, si ...
... Cellular identity relies on the existence of the cellular membrane, a semipermeable barrier that encloses any cell and defines its boundary. In many cells, the interior is further divided into membrane enclosed compartments with specialized functions (organelles), and multicellular organisms are, si ...
Review THE SELECTION OF APTAMERS SPECIFIC FOR
... aptamers have been selected experimentally through the SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) combinatorial approach [7, 8]. The initial library for SELEX consists of ca. 1014 different RNA sequences. The smallest size of the random region used successfully in a selection ...
... aptamers have been selected experimentally through the SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) combinatorial approach [7, 8]. The initial library for SELEX consists of ca. 1014 different RNA sequences. The smallest size of the random region used successfully in a selection ...
Document
... Membrane proteins carry out func ons such as nutrient uptake, ATP synthesis or transmembrane signal transduc on. An increasing number of reports indicate that cellular processes are underpinned by regulated interac ons between these proteins. Consequently, func onal studies of these networks at a mo ...
... Membrane proteins carry out func ons such as nutrient uptake, ATP synthesis or transmembrane signal transduc on. An increasing number of reports indicate that cellular processes are underpinned by regulated interac ons between these proteins. Consequently, func onal studies of these networks at a mo ...
Ammodytoxins, Potent Presynaptic Neurotoxins
... Presynaptically acting sPLA2 neurotoxins interfere specifically with the release of acetylcholine from motoneurons, and their PLA2 activity is essential for the irreversible blockade of neuromuscular transmission (5, 6). It has been suggested that structurally different sPLA2 neurotoxins from differ ...
... Presynaptically acting sPLA2 neurotoxins interfere specifically with the release of acetylcholine from motoneurons, and their PLA2 activity is essential for the irreversible blockade of neuromuscular transmission (5, 6). It has been suggested that structurally different sPLA2 neurotoxins from differ ...
A Nascent Membrane Protein Is Located Adjacent to ER Membrane
... designated the signal sequence receptor by Wiedmann et al. (1987b) after being crosslinked using a short nascent chain (the arrested fragment, •70 amino acids long) with photoprobes located only in the signal sequence. Recent experiments have confirmed that nascent chains longer than the arrested fr ...
... designated the signal sequence receptor by Wiedmann et al. (1987b) after being crosslinked using a short nascent chain (the arrested fragment, •70 amino acids long) with photoprobes located only in the signal sequence. Recent experiments have confirmed that nascent chains longer than the arrested fr ...
A Nascent Membrane Protein Is Located Adjacent to
... designated the signal sequence receptor by Wiedmann et al. (1987b) after being crosslinked using a short nascent chain (the arrested fragment, •70 amino acids long) with photoprobes located only in the signal sequence. Recent experiments have confirmed that nascent chains longer than the arrested fr ...
... designated the signal sequence receptor by Wiedmann et al. (1987b) after being crosslinked using a short nascent chain (the arrested fragment, •70 amino acids long) with photoprobes located only in the signal sequence. Recent experiments have confirmed that nascent chains longer than the arrested fr ...
The Pathogenic Fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Exports
... Exosome-like vesicles containing virulence factors, enzymes, and antigens have recently been characterized in fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Here, we describe extracellular vesicles carrying highly immunogenic ␣-linked galactopyranosyl (␣-Gal) epitopes ...
... Exosome-like vesicles containing virulence factors, enzymes, and antigens have recently been characterized in fungal pathogens, such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum. Here, we describe extracellular vesicles carrying highly immunogenic ␣-linked galactopyranosyl (␣-Gal) epitopes ...
Localization of Light-harvesting Complex II to the Occluded Surfaces
... there is no evidencel for extrinsic proteins associated with the outer stacked surface. In contrast, the large particle on the outer nonstacked surface is the extrinsic subunit of the ATP synthase, CF~ (Miller and Staehelin, 1976) with a molecular weight in excess of 350,000. The tetrameric particle ...
... there is no evidencel for extrinsic proteins associated with the outer stacked surface. In contrast, the large particle on the outer nonstacked surface is the extrinsic subunit of the ATP synthase, CF~ (Miller and Staehelin, 1976) with a molecular weight in excess of 350,000. The tetrameric particle ...
ref. #27 of the TIBS article
... sites for N-linked glycosylation (Y glycosylated acceptor site, = non-glycosylated; acceptor site) are introduced in different positions relative to the H1 and H2 transmembrane segments, as well as to a segment (H3) inserted into the P2 domain by site-directed mutagenesis. Proteins are expressed i ...
... sites for N-linked glycosylation (Y glycosylated acceptor site, = non-glycosylated; acceptor site) are introduced in different positions relative to the H1 and H2 transmembrane segments, as well as to a segment (H3) inserted into the P2 domain by site-directed mutagenesis. Proteins are expressed i ...
Determination of the Correlation between Conductance and Architecture of Disordered ß-amyloid Channels
... The mechanism of oligomeric Aβ toxicity is poorly understood, with receptor binding, lipid fluidity and thinning, and activation of signaling factors all leading to the accumulation of oxidative reagents, being suggested as possible causes. Recent evidence suggests that Aβ can form channels that are ...
... The mechanism of oligomeric Aβ toxicity is poorly understood, with receptor binding, lipid fluidity and thinning, and activation of signaling factors all leading to the accumulation of oxidative reagents, being suggested as possible causes. Recent evidence suggests that Aβ can form channels that are ...
Det här verket är upphovrättskyddat enligt Lagen (1960
... secretion in the thyroid. The action of TSH is mediated by the adenylate-cyclic AMP system (7). The stimulatory effect of TSH on hormone secretion is very rapid and pseudopods can be ob served within a few minutes after intravenous TSH adminis tration (25, 29, 55). The present problem. The present ...
... secretion in the thyroid. The action of TSH is mediated by the adenylate-cyclic AMP system (7). The stimulatory effect of TSH on hormone secretion is very rapid and pseudopods can be ob served within a few minutes after intravenous TSH adminis tration (25, 29, 55). The present problem. The present ...
A mutant Escherichia coli that attaches peptidoglycan to
... (Gottesman et al., 1985), we actually observed lowered LPS* abundance at the expense of increased M-LPS (Figure 2B). Notably, the decrease in LPS* correlated with a significant reduction in vancomycin-resistance, providing evidence that LPS* molecules directly mediate the resistance (Figure 2C). Sim ...
... (Gottesman et al., 1985), we actually observed lowered LPS* abundance at the expense of increased M-LPS (Figure 2B). Notably, the decrease in LPS* correlated with a significant reduction in vancomycin-resistance, providing evidence that LPS* molecules directly mediate the resistance (Figure 2C). Sim ...
267 CHAPTER 6 Discussion of Results The aim of
... transplantation and ongoing epidermis of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infections. This situation provided the momentum to the search for new antimicrobial substances from different source like medicinal plants. The use of plant extracts with known antimicrobial properties can be of vast signi ...
... transplantation and ongoing epidermis of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infections. This situation provided the momentum to the search for new antimicrobial substances from different source like medicinal plants. The use of plant extracts with known antimicrobial properties can be of vast signi ...
Word - The Open University
... actin; in humans there are six principal isoforms, four of which are found in different types of muscle and the other two (β and γ) in all non-muscle cells. (The term ‘isoform’ describes variants of a protein. These may be produced by different genes, or by differential splicing of the mRNA, or be g ...
... actin; in humans there are six principal isoforms, four of which are found in different types of muscle and the other two (β and γ) in all non-muscle cells. (The term ‘isoform’ describes variants of a protein. These may be produced by different genes, or by differential splicing of the mRNA, or be g ...
Vegetable lipid sources in vitro biosyntheis of triacylglycerols and
... Despite the good growth performance of several fish species when dietary fish oil is partly replaced by vegetable oils, recent studies have reported several types of intestinal morphological alterations in cultured fish fed high contents of vegetable lipid sources. However, the physiological process ...
... Despite the good growth performance of several fish species when dietary fish oil is partly replaced by vegetable oils, recent studies have reported several types of intestinal morphological alterations in cultured fish fed high contents of vegetable lipid sources. However, the physiological process ...
... Strains. The C. neoformans isolates used in this study included strains H99 (serotype A, wild type), Cap 67 (derived from serotype D and lacking a GXM capsule), and 2E-TU and 2E-TUC (serotype D, LAC1 gene deletion and reconstituted laccase mutants) (46). Yeast cells were cultivated in a minimal medi ...
... Strains. The C. neoformans isolates used in this study included strains H99 (serotype A, wild type), Cap 67 (derived from serotype D and lacking a GXM capsule), and 2E-TU and 2E-TUC (serotype D, LAC1 gene deletion and reconstituted laccase mutants) (46). Yeast cells were cultivated in a minimal medi ...
Bacillus anthracis produces membrane-derived vesicles containing biologically active toxins
... Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce vesicles that contain toxins or other virulence factors and, in several cases, vesicles have been proposed to be vehicles for toxin delivery to eukaryotic cells (14– 17). Significantly less is known about the r ...
... Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce vesicles that contain toxins or other virulence factors and, in several cases, vesicles have been proposed to be vehicles for toxin delivery to eukaryotic cells (14– 17). Significantly less is known about the r ...
Stockholm University
... values with decreasing pH, residues A2 through Q6, and residues Q9 through L12, although the secondary chemical shift values are not consistently positive or negative in the first stretch of residues. These regions correspond well with two out of the five local structured regions previously found by ...
... values with decreasing pH, residues A2 through Q6, and residues Q9 through L12, although the secondary chemical shift values are not consistently positive or negative in the first stretch of residues. These regions correspond well with two out of the five local structured regions previously found by ...
Plasma membrane repair in plants
... Other proteins that are essential in plasma membrane resealing in animal cells are the annexins [56,57]. These are widely expressed Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding proteins that are implicated in membrane trafficking, transmembrane channel activity, inhibition of phospholipase A2 and cell–matrix inte ...
... Other proteins that are essential in plasma membrane resealing in animal cells are the annexins [56,57]. These are widely expressed Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding proteins that are implicated in membrane trafficking, transmembrane channel activity, inhibition of phospholipase A2 and cell–matrix inte ...
University of Groningen The Plasma Membrane of
... feature of membrane structure is the asymmetric location of the proteins. Some span the entire length of the membrane (intrinsic), while others are only partially embedded in the membrane and protrude on one side of the membrane (extrinsic). The plasma membrane encompasses proteins involved in trans ...
... feature of membrane structure is the asymmetric location of the proteins. Some span the entire length of the membrane (intrinsic), while others are only partially embedded in the membrane and protrude on one side of the membrane (extrinsic). The plasma membrane encompasses proteins involved in trans ...
Synergy and duality in peptide antibiotic mechanisms Dewey G
... two polypeptides, α and β [34,36]. Separately, each peptide has an IC50 value of >29 nM against sensitive Lactobacillus strains, yet when presented in a 1:1 combination [36] the IC50 value lowers 580-fold to 50 pM and ion-selective pores form with concomitant efflux of K+, Na+, or 86Rb+ ions [35]. B ...
... two polypeptides, α and β [34,36]. Separately, each peptide has an IC50 value of >29 nM against sensitive Lactobacillus strains, yet when presented in a 1:1 combination [36] the IC50 value lowers 580-fold to 50 pM and ion-selective pores form with concomitant efflux of K+, Na+, or 86Rb+ ions [35]. B ...
Model lipid bilayer
A model lipid bilayer is any bilayer assembled in vitro, as opposed to the bilayer of natural cell membranes or covering various sub-cellular structures like the nucleus. A model bilayer can be made with either synthetic or natural lipids. The simplest model systems contain only a single pure synthetic lipid. More physiologically relevant model bilayers can be made with mixtures of several synthetic or natural lipids.There are many different types of model bilayers, each having experimental advantages and disadvantages. The first system developed was the black lipid membrane or “painted” bilayer, which allows simple electrical characterization of bilayers but is short-lived and can be difficult to work with. Supported bilayers are anchored to a solid substrate, increasing stability and allowing the use of characterization tools not possible in bulk solution. These advantages come at the cost of unwanted substrate interactions which can denature membrane proteins.