Charakterisierung peroxisomaler und Lipid
... It was shown that Lpx1p is present in the peroxisome but Ldh1p is predominantly localized to lipid droplets. Lpx1p as well as Ldh1p comprises the typical GXSXG-type lipase motif of members of the α/β-hydrolase family. Both proteins carry a putative peroxisomal targeting signal type-1 (PTS1) and can ...
... It was shown that Lpx1p is present in the peroxisome but Ldh1p is predominantly localized to lipid droplets. Lpx1p as well as Ldh1p comprises the typical GXSXG-type lipase motif of members of the α/β-hydrolase family. Both proteins carry a putative peroxisomal targeting signal type-1 (PTS1) and can ...
Assembling the Presynaptic Active Zone: A Characterization of an
... and N-cadherin, as well as chromogranin B. Components of synaptic vesicles, such as VAMP 2/synaptobrevin II, synaptophysin, synaptotagmin, or proteins of the perisynaptic plasma membrane such as GABA transporter 1 (GAT1), were not present. These studies demonstrate that the presynaptic active zone i ...
... and N-cadherin, as well as chromogranin B. Components of synaptic vesicles, such as VAMP 2/synaptobrevin II, synaptophysin, synaptotagmin, or proteins of the perisynaptic plasma membrane such as GABA transporter 1 (GAT1), were not present. These studies demonstrate that the presynaptic active zone i ...
Transmitter Release
... than the Na+ channelsand thereforeCa2+influx does not occur until the action potential in the presynaptic cell has begun to repolarize (Figure 14-4).The delay that is characteristic of chemical synaptic transmission-the time from the onset of the action potential in the presynaptic terminals to the ...
... than the Na+ channelsand thereforeCa2+influx does not occur until the action potential in the presynaptic cell has begun to repolarize (Figure 14-4).The delay that is characteristic of chemical synaptic transmission-the time from the onset of the action potential in the presynaptic terminals to the ...
Physiology of ionophore transport of potassium and sodium
... temperature. At acid conditions, the PMF is dominated by ∆pH, at alkaline conditions, PMF ~ VM. Typical PMF values for E.coli are –120 mV to –160 mV. Valinomycin is a naturally occurring cyclic dodecadepsipeptide antibiotic, which has been widely studied (Feher, 2012; Voet and Voet, 2010). Valinomyc ...
... temperature. At acid conditions, the PMF is dominated by ∆pH, at alkaline conditions, PMF ~ VM. Typical PMF values for E.coli are –120 mV to –160 mV. Valinomycin is a naturally occurring cyclic dodecadepsipeptide antibiotic, which has been widely studied (Feher, 2012; Voet and Voet, 2010). Valinomyc ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... was between 40 and 50 C (Fig. 3), which is lower than the optimal temperature for growth (60 to 65 C). However, all further experiments were carried out at 37 C although the optimal temperature was somewhat higher. When labeled UDP-GlcNAc was used as the radioactive substrate, the autoradiogram (Fig ...
... was between 40 and 50 C (Fig. 3), which is lower than the optimal temperature for growth (60 to 65 C). However, all further experiments were carried out at 37 C although the optimal temperature was somewhat higher. When labeled UDP-GlcNAc was used as the radioactive substrate, the autoradiogram (Fig ...
Molecular Machinery Regulating Exocytosis
... there are also Golgi-specific Rabs (Rab30, Rab33, Rab34, Rab43) and Rabs relating to the traffic to (Rab43) and from (Rab10) the Golgi. Rab proteins usually play positive roles in anterograde membrane trafficking, but the exact nature of their involvement (in vesicle budding, biogenesis, transport, ...
... there are also Golgi-specific Rabs (Rab30, Rab33, Rab34, Rab43) and Rabs relating to the traffic to (Rab43) and from (Rab10) the Golgi. Rab proteins usually play positive roles in anterograde membrane trafficking, but the exact nature of their involvement (in vesicle budding, biogenesis, transport, ...
- Wiley Online Library
... structures and thus easily destroyed during fixation and drying procedures during preparation for electron microscopy. Interactions with bacteria further increase these degradative processes. To stabilize the BPB-induced neutrophil TVE in some experiments, we used sulfatide from bovine brain as desc ...
... structures and thus easily destroyed during fixation and drying procedures during preparation for electron microscopy. Interactions with bacteria further increase these degradative processes. To stabilize the BPB-induced neutrophil TVE in some experiments, we used sulfatide from bovine brain as desc ...
Dissecting sterol function during clathrin-dependent
... E duas nuvens de razão tocadas.” Alexandre O’Neill ...
... E duas nuvens de razão tocadas.” Alexandre O’Neill ...
4-Lipoprotein Metabolism2017-04-19 04:103.5 MB
... If you are going to put 2 particles inside the water one has a high density and the other one has a very low density what will happen ? one will sink and the other one will float. Chylomicron which has the least density and HDL has the highest density, what is making these lipoproteins particles mor ...
... If you are going to put 2 particles inside the water one has a high density and the other one has a very low density what will happen ? one will sink and the other one will float. Chylomicron which has the least density and HDL has the highest density, what is making these lipoproteins particles mor ...
PDF - Walter Lab
... fractions (lanes 7-9) revealed that the glycosylated forms of paF were quantitatively recovered in the pellet fractions whereas most of the unmodified paF was recovered in the supernatant fractions. The small amount of paF that was detected in the pellet fractions is likely to be an artifact of the ...
... fractions (lanes 7-9) revealed that the glycosylated forms of paF were quantitatively recovered in the pellet fractions whereas most of the unmodified paF was recovered in the supernatant fractions. The small amount of paF that was detected in the pellet fractions is likely to be an artifact of the ...
Periplasmic folding factors in Gram-negative bacteria
... All organisms need a system to regulate the uptake of substances from their external milieu, allowing nutrients to enter and preventing toxic substances from doing so. In Gram-negative bacteria the cell envelope is responsible for determining which substances can enter the cell. It consists of two m ...
... All organisms need a system to regulate the uptake of substances from their external milieu, allowing nutrients to enter and preventing toxic substances from doing so. In Gram-negative bacteria the cell envelope is responsible for determining which substances can enter the cell. It consists of two m ...
Deciphering the molecular functions of sterols in cellulose
... enzyme complex is highly unstable, and PM extractions typically result in loss of cellulose synthase activity (Delmer, 1999; Bessueille and Bulone, 2008). In vitro synthesis of cellulose from plant cellfree extracts is sensitive to detergents that facilitate the isolation of intact complexes (Lai-Ke ...
... enzyme complex is highly unstable, and PM extractions typically result in loss of cellulose synthase activity (Delmer, 1999; Bessueille and Bulone, 2008). In vitro synthesis of cellulose from plant cellfree extracts is sensitive to detergents that facilitate the isolation of intact complexes (Lai-Ke ...
Rab Proteins and the Organization of Organelle Membrane Domains
... membrane identity to thereby ensure intracellular transport directionality. Intracellular transport is a multistep process, which includes cargo selection, coated-vesicle formation, directed vesicular movement, target membrane recognition, and fusion. For example, cargo from the extracellular enviro ...
... membrane identity to thereby ensure intracellular transport directionality. Intracellular transport is a multistep process, which includes cargo selection, coated-vesicle formation, directed vesicular movement, target membrane recognition, and fusion. For example, cargo from the extracellular enviro ...
Membrane Lipids in the Function of Serotonin and Adrenergic
... Cholesterol is an essential and representative lipid in higher eukaryotic cellular membranes and is crucial in the organization, dynamics, function, and sorting of membranes [11, 12]. Cholesterol plays a vital role in the function and organization of membrane proteins and receptors. The effect of ch ...
... Cholesterol is an essential and representative lipid in higher eukaryotic cellular membranes and is crucial in the organization, dynamics, function, and sorting of membranes [11, 12]. Cholesterol plays a vital role in the function and organization of membrane proteins and receptors. The effect of ch ...
Taipoxin Induces Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis and Disrupts the
... been generated, and ubiquitous homologs of SV proteins have been identified, leading to the notion that similar sets of proteins are involved in all membrane trafficking events in eukaryotes (Südhof, 2004). A large number of molecular interactions have been shown to occur in vitro among proteins in ...
... been generated, and ubiquitous homologs of SV proteins have been identified, leading to the notion that similar sets of proteins are involved in all membrane trafficking events in eukaryotes (Südhof, 2004). A large number of molecular interactions have been shown to occur in vitro among proteins in ...
Taipoxin Induces Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis and Disrupts the
... been generated, and ubiquitous homologs of SV proteins have been identified, leading to the notion that similar sets of proteins are involved in all membrane trafficking events in eukaryotes (Südhof, 2004). A large number of molecular interactions have been shown to occur in vitro among proteins in ...
... been generated, and ubiquitous homologs of SV proteins have been identified, leading to the notion that similar sets of proteins are involved in all membrane trafficking events in eukaryotes (Südhof, 2004). A large number of molecular interactions have been shown to occur in vitro among proteins in ...
Review Article GPCRs: Lipid-Dependent Membrane Receptors That
... License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of molecules involved in signal transduction across cell membranes and represent major targets in the develop ...
... License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of molecules involved in signal transduction across cell membranes and represent major targets in the develop ...
Calcium binding to chromaffin vesicle matrix proteins
... Stains-all peak (510 nm) decreases and the protein dye complex (615 nm) increases in parallel. In further experiments we adjusted the amount of free Ca2+with the specific electrode to 100 pM (i.e., twice the value of the Kd at pH 7 for Ca2+ binding to the proteins). Since we did not observe quantita ...
... Stains-all peak (510 nm) decreases and the protein dye complex (615 nm) increases in parallel. In further experiments we adjusted the amount of free Ca2+with the specific electrode to 100 pM (i.e., twice the value of the Kd at pH 7 for Ca2+ binding to the proteins). Since we did not observe quantita ...
REVIEWS
... below) 8 and pleckstrin homology (PH) 9 domains. C1 domains are considered ‘honorary’ phospholipidbinding domains here, as their physiological binding target (diacylglycerol (DAG)) is one phosphate group short of qualifying as a phospholipid. Fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), the target-spec ...
... below) 8 and pleckstrin homology (PH) 9 domains. C1 domains are considered ‘honorary’ phospholipidbinding domains here, as their physiological binding target (diacylglycerol (DAG)) is one phosphate group short of qualifying as a phospholipid. Fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), the target-spec ...
Breaking the Diffraction Barrier: Super
... to the target object (often within tens of nanometers) has made it difficult to look ‘‘into’’ a cell or a piece of tissue with near field microscopy, limiting the applications of this technique in biology. It was not until recently that several novel fluorescence microscopy approaches completely sha ...
... to the target object (often within tens of nanometers) has made it difficult to look ‘‘into’’ a cell or a piece of tissue with near field microscopy, limiting the applications of this technique in biology. It was not until recently that several novel fluorescence microscopy approaches completely sha ...
solvent selection for whole cell biotransformations in organic media
... by intact cells of substrates that are poorly soluble in water. Waterimmiscible solvents are normally less cytotoxic than are watermiscible ones. Whilst a unitary mechanism is excluded, damage to the membrane remains the likeliest major mechanism of cytotoxicity, and may be conveniently assesse ...
... by intact cells of substrates that are poorly soluble in water. Waterimmiscible solvents are normally less cytotoxic than are watermiscible ones. Whilst a unitary mechanism is excluded, damage to the membrane remains the likeliest major mechanism of cytotoxicity, and may be conveniently assesse ...
Doehrty-McMahon 2009
... samples, so it is difficult to ascertain whether all invaginated CCPs, and other membrane invaginations observed by this technique, subsequently undergo scission from the plasma membrane. Only with the development of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIR-FM), which allows the visualiza ...
... samples, so it is difficult to ascertain whether all invaginated CCPs, and other membrane invaginations observed by this technique, subsequently undergo scission from the plasma membrane. Only with the development of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIR-FM), which allows the visualiza ...
spleen-facilitated vesiculation Hemoglobin loss
... isotonic buffer containing albumin and glucose (GASP) was used. The composition of the GASP buffer was 9 mM Na2HPO4, 1.3 mM NaH2PO4, 140 mM NaCl, 5.5 mM glucose, and 0.8 g/L bovine serum albumin (fraction V; Sigma Chemical, St Louis, MO), pH 7.4. Blood was diluted 1:3 with the GASP buffer, and 2 mL ...
... isotonic buffer containing albumin and glucose (GASP) was used. The composition of the GASP buffer was 9 mM Na2HPO4, 1.3 mM NaH2PO4, 140 mM NaCl, 5.5 mM glucose, and 0.8 g/L bovine serum albumin (fraction V; Sigma Chemical, St Louis, MO), pH 7.4. Blood was diluted 1:3 with the GASP buffer, and 2 mL ...
Mechanisms of transport through the Golgi complex
... coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the forming bud ensue, followed by fission of the coated bud to form a vesicle. Hydrolysis of GTP eventually leads to release of the coat from the vesicle. The vesicle is ...
... coat complex (blue) to the membrane by the GTP-bound form of the G protein. Membrane curvature and sorting of cargo (yellow) into the forming bud ensue, followed by fission of the coated bud to form a vesicle. Hydrolysis of GTP eventually leads to release of the coat from the vesicle. The vesicle is ...
Model lipid bilayer
A model lipid bilayer is any bilayer assembled in vitro, as opposed to the bilayer of natural cell membranes or covering various sub-cellular structures like the nucleus. A model bilayer can be made with either synthetic or natural lipids. The simplest model systems contain only a single pure synthetic lipid. More physiologically relevant model bilayers can be made with mixtures of several synthetic or natural lipids.There are many different types of model bilayers, each having experimental advantages and disadvantages. The first system developed was the black lipid membrane or “painted” bilayer, which allows simple electrical characterization of bilayers but is short-lived and can be difficult to work with. Supported bilayers are anchored to a solid substrate, increasing stability and allowing the use of characterization tools not possible in bulk solution. These advantages come at the cost of unwanted substrate interactions which can denature membrane proteins.