A non-hemorrhagic hybrid heparin/heparan sulfate with
... were prepared as previously described (Dietrich et al., 1989). Sodium heparin from porcine mucosa was obtained from Laboratory Derivati Organici (Trino Vercellese, Italy). Chondroitin 4-sulfate (CS-4) and chondroitin 6-sulfate (CS-6), extracted from whale cartilage, and dermatan sulfate (DS) extract ...
... were prepared as previously described (Dietrich et al., 1989). Sodium heparin from porcine mucosa was obtained from Laboratory Derivati Organici (Trino Vercellese, Italy). Chondroitin 4-sulfate (CS-4) and chondroitin 6-sulfate (CS-6), extracted from whale cartilage, and dermatan sulfate (DS) extract ...
Value-added Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil, Post
... meet the specification of the biodiesel standard. The effect of CG loading on the properties of polyols and PU foams were investigated. With the increase of CG loading from 0% -15%, the hydroxyl value increased from 478 mg KOH/g to 592 mg KOH/g. This is most likely due to the high hydroxyl value of ...
... meet the specification of the biodiesel standard. The effect of CG loading on the properties of polyols and PU foams were investigated. With the increase of CG loading from 0% -15%, the hydroxyl value increased from 478 mg KOH/g to 592 mg KOH/g. This is most likely due to the high hydroxyl value of ...
Escherichia coli FtsZ polymers contain mostly GTP and
... The hydrolysis rate should be higher than or equal to the nucleotide exchange rate. Alternatively, it might indicate that all the FtsZ subunits freely exchange nucleotide with the medium and, in this case, the exchange might be faster than the hydrolysis. To distinguish between these two possibiliti ...
... The hydrolysis rate should be higher than or equal to the nucleotide exchange rate. Alternatively, it might indicate that all the FtsZ subunits freely exchange nucleotide with the medium and, in this case, the exchange might be faster than the hydrolysis. To distinguish between these two possibiliti ...
Identification and analysis of new phloem proteins from
... (Oparka and Turgeon, 1999; van Bel et al., 2002) and allows the selective import not only of small substances but also of macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids from CC into SE (Ayre et al., 2003). The mature PD between SE and CC are branched on the side of the companion cell that turn in ...
... (Oparka and Turgeon, 1999; van Bel et al., 2002) and allows the selective import not only of small substances but also of macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids from CC into SE (Ayre et al., 2003). The mature PD between SE and CC are branched on the side of the companion cell that turn in ...
pdf file - John Innes Centre
... ability to interact with the beads. This result was also confirmed using purified GlnK (data not shown). Co-purification of AmtB6H and GlnK from GT1000(pJT6) extracts was also demonstrated using Ni2⫹ affinity chromatography (data not shown). These results confirm that AmtB interacts with GlnK in viv ...
... ability to interact with the beads. This result was also confirmed using purified GlnK (data not shown). Co-purification of AmtB6H and GlnK from GT1000(pJT6) extracts was also demonstrated using Ni2⫹ affinity chromatography (data not shown). These results confirm that AmtB interacts with GlnK in viv ...
The Platform Protein Is Essential for Type IV Pilus
... both the motor and alignment subcomplexes in the T4P and T2S systems have been suggested to transduce the conformational changes of the ATPases (26, 27), making it challenging to propose a unifying model of fiber assembly and function. In the P. aeruginosa T4aP system, the platform protein PilC was ...
... both the motor and alignment subcomplexes in the T4P and T2S systems have been suggested to transduce the conformational changes of the ATPases (26, 27), making it challenging to propose a unifying model of fiber assembly and function. In the P. aeruginosa T4aP system, the platform protein PilC was ...
The introduction and use of PKU sphere™, a Glycomacropeptide
... In PKU, any new dietary option that offers an alternative to L-AA supplements should be considered as it may help to improve adherence and quality of life9, 10. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a well-researched protein that offers an alternative approach to PS provision in PKU. GMP is a natural protein t ...
... In PKU, any new dietary option that offers an alternative to L-AA supplements should be considered as it may help to improve adherence and quality of life9, 10. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a well-researched protein that offers an alternative approach to PS provision in PKU. GMP is a natural protein t ...
The Plant Cell - Department of Biology
... KIC with Its Single EF-Hand Motif Binds Ca 2 Because KIC has a predicted EF-hand motif, we tested its Ca 2 binding properties using a bacterially expressed protein. The full-length KIC cDNA sequence was inserted into pET32a vector, which expresses the KIC protein as an S-tag fusion. The fusion pro ...
... KIC with Its Single EF-Hand Motif Binds Ca 2 Because KIC has a predicted EF-hand motif, we tested its Ca 2 binding properties using a bacterially expressed protein. The full-length KIC cDNA sequence was inserted into pET32a vector, which expresses the KIC protein as an S-tag fusion. The fusion pro ...
The Major Component of the Paraflagellar Rod of Trypanosoma
... similarity to the intermediate filament proteins (solubility properties, amino acid composition, and high degree of helicity), the PFR protein does not belong in this class of cytoskeletal proteins. The PFR protein is coded for by two tandemly linked genes of identical nucleotide sequence. Both gene ...
... similarity to the intermediate filament proteins (solubility properties, amino acid composition, and high degree of helicity), the PFR protein does not belong in this class of cytoskeletal proteins. The PFR protein is coded for by two tandemly linked genes of identical nucleotide sequence. Both gene ...
Identification of proteins localized to the contractile vacuole of
... bloodstream, acidic phagolysosomes, and host cell cytosol. Thus, the parasites have mechanisms to respond to both hypo-osmotic and hyper-osmotic stresses. The contractile vacuole complex is an osmoregulatory organelle, which controls intracellular water balance by accumulating excess water and expel ...
... bloodstream, acidic phagolysosomes, and host cell cytosol. Thus, the parasites have mechanisms to respond to both hypo-osmotic and hyper-osmotic stresses. The contractile vacuole complex is an osmoregulatory organelle, which controls intracellular water balance by accumulating excess water and expel ...
Introduction to Fluorescence Techniques
... fluorophore becomes the factor limiting fluorescence detectability. The multiple photochemical reaction pathways responsible for photobleaching of fluorescein have been investigated and described in considerable detail. Some pathways include reactions between adjacent dye molecules, making the proce ...
... fluorophore becomes the factor limiting fluorescence detectability. The multiple photochemical reaction pathways responsible for photobleaching of fluorescein have been investigated and described in considerable detail. Some pathways include reactions between adjacent dye molecules, making the proce ...
REVIEWS - Unisciel
... assembly and functioning of vertebrate striated muscles. But is it an essential component of sarcomerebased actomyosin contractile systems in general? It is striking that exact homologues of titin that span half the sarcomere have not been found in invertebrate muscles, and this could be argued to b ...
... assembly and functioning of vertebrate striated muscles. But is it an essential component of sarcomerebased actomyosin contractile systems in general? It is striking that exact homologues of titin that span half the sarcomere have not been found in invertebrate muscles, and this could be argued to b ...
Partial Purifiaction of β-1,3-glucan synthases and
... and anti-HIV activities. Due to these specific immune-potentiating activities, paramylon is novel in terms of both structure as well as functional activity. In terms of biotechnological application, paramylon is greatly favoured as it is synthesized as an insoluble membrane bound granule in the cyto ...
... and anti-HIV activities. Due to these specific immune-potentiating activities, paramylon is novel in terms of both structure as well as functional activity. In terms of biotechnological application, paramylon is greatly favoured as it is synthesized as an insoluble membrane bound granule in the cyto ...
METABOLIC CUES AND REGULATORY PROTEINS
... when various freshwater protozoa ingest L. pneumophila, the microbes can efficiently establish an intracellular niche protected from digestion. Moreover, if humans inhale bacteria-laden aerosols, L. pneumophila can survive and replicate within alveolar macrophages to cause the severe pneumonia, Legi ...
... when various freshwater protozoa ingest L. pneumophila, the microbes can efficiently establish an intracellular niche protected from digestion. Moreover, if humans inhale bacteria-laden aerosols, L. pneumophila can survive and replicate within alveolar macrophages to cause the severe pneumonia, Legi ...
Cdc6 in S phase in human cells - Journal of Cell Science
... We examined the behaviour of exogenous Cdc6 using nuclei and cytosols from different phases of the cell cycle. We used isolated nuclei and the equivalent soluble extracts from quiescent 3T3 cells (G0), 3T3 cells released from quiescence for 16.5 hours (late G1) or 21 hours (S) and from HeLa cells re ...
... We examined the behaviour of exogenous Cdc6 using nuclei and cytosols from different phases of the cell cycle. We used isolated nuclei and the equivalent soluble extracts from quiescent 3T3 cells (G0), 3T3 cells released from quiescence for 16.5 hours (late G1) or 21 hours (S) and from HeLa cells re ...
CO2 and O2 Distribution in Rubisco Suggests the
... This indicates that O2 is hardly soluble in any environment, whereas CO2 is. Residues That Have a High Affinity for CO2. Virtually all residues are in contact with a gas molecule within 20 ns, but the interior of the subunit is less accessible than the surface. This needs to be considered when attempt ...
... This indicates that O2 is hardly soluble in any environment, whereas CO2 is. Residues That Have a High Affinity for CO2. Virtually all residues are in contact with a gas molecule within 20 ns, but the interior of the subunit is less accessible than the surface. This needs to be considered when attempt ...
Costes et al.
... (PSFs) and is free of registration errors. For this, we used the following instruments and protocols. Images were acquired with a Zeiss LSM 510 confocal microscope equipped with an Axiovert 200 microscope (Carl Zeiss, Thornwood, NY) and a 40 3 1.3 NA plan-NEOFLUAR oil differential interference contr ...
... (PSFs) and is free of registration errors. For this, we used the following instruments and protocols. Images were acquired with a Zeiss LSM 510 confocal microscope equipped with an Axiovert 200 microscope (Carl Zeiss, Thornwood, NY) and a 40 3 1.3 NA plan-NEOFLUAR oil differential interference contr ...
Distinct Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlie Functional
... Subsequent experiments examined the impact of TACinduced LVH on the transcript and protein expression levels of several channel pore-forming (␣) and accessory () subunits encoding murine myocardial K⫹ channels.14,19,22–24 Because accumulating evidence suggests that cardiac ion channels function as ...
... Subsequent experiments examined the impact of TACinduced LVH on the transcript and protein expression levels of several channel pore-forming (␣) and accessory () subunits encoding murine myocardial K⫹ channels.14,19,22–24 Because accumulating evidence suggests that cardiac ion channels function as ...
Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation
... or chemical barriers. Snails secrete a mucus epiphragm to cover the aperture of the shell (Barnhart, 1983), lungfish secrete a cocoon of dried mucus (Bemis et al., 1987), and several frog species produce cocoons made of multiple layers of shed skin (Loveridge and Withers, 1981; Pinder et al., 1992). ...
... or chemical barriers. Snails secrete a mucus epiphragm to cover the aperture of the shell (Barnhart, 1983), lungfish secrete a cocoon of dried mucus (Bemis et al., 1987), and several frog species produce cocoons made of multiple layers of shed skin (Loveridge and Withers, 1981; Pinder et al., 1992). ...
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins, and also nucleic acids, and their complexes. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt Wüthrich at the ETH, and by Ad Bax, Marius Clore and Angela Gronenborn at the NIH, among others. Structure determination by NMR spectroscopy usually consists of several phases, each using a separate set of highly specialized techniques. The sample is prepared, measurements are made, interpretive approaches are applied, and a structure is calculated and validated.NMR involves the quantum mechanical properties of the central core (""nucleus"") of the atom. These properties depend on the local molecular environment, and their measurement provides a map of how the atoms are linked chemically, how close they are in space, and how rapidly they move with respect to each other. These properties are fundamentally the same as those used in the more familiar Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), but the molecular applications use a somewhat different approach, appropriate to the change of scale from millimeters (of interest to radiologists) to nano-meters (bonded atoms are typically a fraction of a nano-meter apart), a factor of a million. This change of scale requires much higher sensitivity of detection and stability for long term measurement. In contrast to MRI, structural biology studies do not directly generate an image, but rely on complex computer calculations to generate three-dimensional molecular models.Currently most samples are examined in a solution in water, but methods are being developed to also work with solid samples. Data collection relies on placing the sample inside a powerful magnet, sending radio frequency signals through the sample, and measuring the absorption of those signals. Depending on the environment of atoms within the protein, the nuclei of individual atoms will absorb different frequencies of radio signals. Furthermore the absorption signals of different nuclei may be perturbed by adjacent nuclei. This information can be used to determine the distance between nuclei. These distances in turn can be used to determine the overall structure of the protein.A typical study might involve how two proteins interact with each other, possibly with a view to developing small molecules that can be used to probe the normal biology of the interaction (""chemical biology"") or to provide possible leads for pharmaceutical use (drug development). Frequently, the interacting pair of proteins may have been identified by studies of human genetics, indicating the interaction can be disrupted by unfavorable mutations, or they may play a key role in the normal biology of a ""model"" organism like the fruit fly, yeast, the worm C. elegans, or mice. To prepare a sample, methods of molecular biology are typically used to make quantities by bacterial fermentation. This also permits changing the isotopic composition of the molecule, which is desirable because the isotopes behave differently and provide methods for identifying overlapping NMR signals.