Nonconsequentialist Theories of Morality
... Reminder: Different than act and rule utilitarianism No general theories at all, must approach each situation individually Decisions are made intuitively, without rules If it feels good – do it. Do your own thing. ...
... Reminder: Different than act and rule utilitarianism No general theories at all, must approach each situation individually Decisions are made intuitively, without rules If it feels good – do it. Do your own thing. ...
How Actions Can Be Morally Evaluated
... Consistency: a maxim must be universalizable without contradiction Acceptability: a universalized maxim must be acceptable Objection: moral rules often conflict ...
... Consistency: a maxim must be universalizable without contradiction Acceptability: a universalized maxim must be acceptable Objection: moral rules often conflict ...
Ethical Theories
... not a law of nature; neither is F=ma: think about scale Ethical theories also do not describe the world – only some good answers to moral dilemmas ...
... not a law of nature; neither is F=ma: think about scale Ethical theories also do not describe the world – only some good answers to moral dilemmas ...
Moral Reasoning
... for business manager. On many occasion managers also choose between two wrongs Managerial decision (or dilemmas) simply does not depend on "do the right thing", or "always tell the truth". On the surface one can argue that there is another right thing which is not done but in complex business situat ...
... for business manager. On many occasion managers also choose between two wrongs Managerial decision (or dilemmas) simply does not depend on "do the right thing", or "always tell the truth". On the surface one can argue that there is another right thing which is not done but in complex business situat ...
Some different views.. - Personal web pages for people of Metropolia
... According to Utilitarianism, an action is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people affected by the action ...
... According to Utilitarianism, an action is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people affected by the action ...
Moral Reasoning
... for business manager. On many occasion managers also choose between two wrongs Managerial decision (or dilemmas) simply does not depend on "do the right thing", or "always tell the truth". On the surface one can argue that there is another right thing which is not done but in complex business situat ...
... for business manager. On many occasion managers also choose between two wrongs Managerial decision (or dilemmas) simply does not depend on "do the right thing", or "always tell the truth". On the surface one can argue that there is another right thing which is not done but in complex business situat ...
Nonconsequentialist Theories
... Nonconsequentialist (NC) theories do not assume that consequences of actions determine the morality of actions; they assume that actions are inherently right/wrong based upon some other standard for morality. To put this approach into perspective, consider that a NC must make decisions without regar ...
... Nonconsequentialist (NC) theories do not assume that consequences of actions determine the morality of actions; they assume that actions are inherently right/wrong based upon some other standard for morality. To put this approach into perspective, consider that a NC must make decisions without regar ...
Chapter Three
... • Ethic programs need to be monitored by a committee separate from each department – creates unbiased monitoring – Enron, Merck, WorldCom, Exxon Valdez ...
... • Ethic programs need to be monitored by a committee separate from each department – creates unbiased monitoring – Enron, Merck, WorldCom, Exxon Valdez ...
moral philosophy - The Richmond Philosophy Pages
... from a view of human nature to the conclusion that because certain activities or capacities are essentially human, we therefore ought to lead a certain kind of life. Rather, it is because we have these distinctive capacities that we will not be fully satisfied by any happiness that does not involve ...
... from a view of human nature to the conclusion that because certain activities or capacities are essentially human, we therefore ought to lead a certain kind of life. Rather, it is because we have these distinctive capacities that we will not be fully satisfied by any happiness that does not involve ...
Morality and Ethics (cont.)
... Instrumentalist good: good as a means by which to realize an intrinsic good, e.g. medicine Intrinsic good: something good in and of itself, e.g. happiness ...
... Instrumentalist good: good as a means by which to realize an intrinsic good, e.g. medicine Intrinsic good: something good in and of itself, e.g. happiness ...
Normative Ethical Theory
... Different Concepts of Rights Given the proximity of the concept of rights to the concept of freedom, it should not be surprising that a distinction we recognized as operating in the latter also operates in the former. A negative right is a valid claim to liberty, and a negative obligation requi ...
... Different Concepts of Rights Given the proximity of the concept of rights to the concept of freedom, it should not be surprising that a distinction we recognized as operating in the latter also operates in the former. A negative right is a valid claim to liberty, and a negative obligation requi ...
Ethical Theories - Easy Guide File
... 1. “deon”: duty + “logos”: study, theory, account, principle ...
... 1. “deon”: duty + “logos”: study, theory, account, principle ...
How Actions Can Be Morally Evaluated
... is not about abstract principles, rights, or impartial (typically male) theories of justice, but about caring for persons and maintaining relationships (Gilligan) The (feminine) virtue of caring for others in specific situations is the basis upon which all ethical thinking is grounded (Noddings) ...
... is not about abstract principles, rights, or impartial (typically male) theories of justice, but about caring for persons and maintaining relationships (Gilligan) The (feminine) virtue of caring for others in specific situations is the basis upon which all ethical thinking is grounded (Noddings) ...
Aristotle on Human Excellence
... pleasures (like using one’s mind, creativity, doing good deeds, having friends) are more desirable and make life more worth living than mere bodily sensations. ...
... pleasures (like using one’s mind, creativity, doing good deeds, having friends) are more desirable and make life more worth living than mere bodily sensations. ...
Ethical Theory
... It is an end for which all other ends are pursued, It is pursued for itself, It is never pursued as a means for any other end. ...
... It is an end for which all other ends are pursued, It is pursued for itself, It is never pursued as a means for any other end. ...
Moral Reasoning
... that the maxim of your action should become a universal law. Or act so that you treat humanity, both in your own person and in that of another, always as an end and never merely as a means. ...
... that the maxim of your action should become a universal law. Or act so that you treat humanity, both in your own person and in that of another, always as an end and never merely as a means. ...
Moral Reasoning
... Utilitarianism was first formulated by Jeremy Bentham(1748-1832) and it’s foremost proponent was a student of Bentham’s John Stuart Mill(1806-1873). Bentham and J.S. Mill both criticized Kant. They asked “do we really care what a persons intentions are if we get hurt or benefit?” Bentham said, for t ...
... Utilitarianism was first formulated by Jeremy Bentham(1748-1832) and it’s foremost proponent was a student of Bentham’s John Stuart Mill(1806-1873). Bentham and J.S. Mill both criticized Kant. They asked “do we really care what a persons intentions are if we get hurt or benefit?” Bentham said, for t ...
Ethics and Ethical Theories
... • Rule utilitarianism – Act is good if it comes from following rules that bring good to greatest number. – Should we base ethics on happiness and pleasure? ...
... • Rule utilitarianism – Act is good if it comes from following rules that bring good to greatest number. – Should we base ethics on happiness and pleasure? ...
clouds
... Deontology -- “Any position in ethics which claims that the rightness or wrongness of actions depends on whether they correspond to our duty or not. The word derives from the Greek ...
... Deontology -- “Any position in ethics which claims that the rightness or wrongness of actions depends on whether they correspond to our duty or not. The word derives from the Greek ...
Moral Theory - Academic Resources at Missouri Western
... Morality is concerned with social practices defining right and wrong; it consists of what persons ought to do in order to conform to society’s norms ...
... Morality is concerned with social practices defining right and wrong; it consists of what persons ought to do in order to conform to society’s norms ...
Philosophy 323
... CIHumanity: An action is right iff the action treats persons (including oneself) as ends in themselves rather than as means to our ends. There is both a negative (don’t treat them as means) and a positive (treat them as ends in themselves) requirement contained in the formulation. The positive ...
... CIHumanity: An action is right iff the action treats persons (including oneself) as ends in themselves rather than as means to our ends. There is both a negative (don’t treat them as means) and a positive (treat them as ends in themselves) requirement contained in the formulation. The positive ...
6 African Ethics
... • Defenders of each religion claim that they know the only true way • Obviously, not all can be right • How can we decide who is right? • How can we judge which alleged revelations really come from God? ...
... • Defenders of each religion claim that they know the only true way • Obviously, not all can be right • How can we decide who is right? • How can we judge which alleged revelations really come from God? ...
Introduction to Moral Theories and Principles that inform ethical
... Virtue ethics is the name given to a modern revival and revision of Aristotle's ethical thinking. Aristotle’s ethics, while not generally thought of as consequentialist, is certainly teleological. For him, the telos, or purpose, of a human life is to live according to reason. This leads to ‘happines ...
... Virtue ethics is the name given to a modern revival and revision of Aristotle's ethical thinking. Aristotle’s ethics, while not generally thought of as consequentialist, is certainly teleological. For him, the telos, or purpose, of a human life is to live according to reason. This leads to ‘happines ...
Consequentialism
Consequentialism is the class of normative ethical theories holding that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness or wrongness of that conduct. Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, a morally right act (or omission from acting) is one that will produce a good outcome, or consequence. In an extreme form, the idea of consequentialism is commonly encapsulated in the English saying, ""the ends justify the means"", meaning that if a goal is morally important enough, any method of achieving it is acceptable.Consequentialism is usually contrasted with deontological ethics (or deontology), in that deontology, in which rules and moral duty are central, derives the rightness or wrongness of one's conduct from the character of the behaviour itself rather than the outcomes of the conduct. It is also contrasted with virtue ethics, which focuses on the character of the agent rather than on the nature or consequences of the act (or omission) itself, and pragmatic ethics which treats morality like science: advancing socially over the course of many lifetimes, such that any moral criterion is subject to revision. Consequentialist theories differ in how they define moral goods.Some argue that consequentialist and deontological theories are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, T. M. Scanlon advances the idea that human rights, which are commonly considered a ""deontological"" concept, can only be justified with reference to the consequences of having those rights. Similarly, Robert Nozick argues for a theory that is mostly consequentialist, but incorporates inviolable ""side-constraints"" which restrict the sort of actions agents are permitted to do.