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Respiratory Physiology
Respiratory Physiology

... From the kidneys urine flows down the ureters to the bladder propelled by peristaltic contraction of smooth muscle. The bladder is a balloon-like bag of smooth muscle (detrussor muscle), contraction of which empties bladder during micturition. Pressure-Volume curve of the bladder has a characteristi ...
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... Stomach--Curving from underneath the liver is the stomach. The stomach is the first major site of chemical digestion. Frogs swallow their meals whole. The stomach connects to the small intestine. The pyloric sphincter valve regulates the exit of food from the stomach Pancreas – This glandular organ ...
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... Mucosa (inner wall) – secretes several enzymes that acts on the food. Where the pancreatic enzymes are emptied into. Digested nutrients are absorbed through intestinal walls. Absorbed materials cross the mucosa into the blood then other parts of the body for storage or further chemical change. ...
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Digestive Quiz17studyquide

... There are two main groups of organs in the digestive system (the alimentary canal and accessory organs What organ is involved with the creation of bolus? Where does chemical digestion begin? What part of the G.I. tract allows the passage of food, drink and air? Know the correct order of the G.I. tr ...
Renal Physiology
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Lecture 16: The Nephron

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Urination



Urination is the release of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the urinary meatus outside of the body. It is also known medically as micturition, voiding, uresis, or, rarely, emiction, and known colloquially by various names including tinkling, peeing, weeing, and pissing. In healthy humans (and many other animals) the process of urination is under voluntary control. In infants, some elderly individuals, and those with neurological injury, urination may occur as an involuntary reflex. It is normal for adult humans to urinate up to seven times during the day.In some animals, in addition to expelling waste material, urination can mark territory or express submissiveness. Physiologically, urination involves coordination between the central, autonomic, and somatic nervous systems. Brain centers that regulate urination include the pontine micturition center, periaqueductal gray, and the cerebral cortex. In male placental mammals, urine is ejected through the penis. In female placental mammals, urine is ejected through the vulva or pseudo-penis.
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