Knowledge and belief : an agent-oriented view
... uncertainty pertaining to the choice of message but that related to the question ‘What is the state of the world?’ As suggested by Popper [Poa], the more information we have about a system, the more states we are able to rule out. Thus the intuition underlying semantic information theory is model-th ...
... uncertainty pertaining to the choice of message but that related to the question ‘What is the state of the world?’ As suggested by Popper [Poa], the more information we have about a system, the more states we are able to rule out. Thus the intuition underlying semantic information theory is model-th ...
No God, No Laws
... powers: “…the influence of the Moon upon the Tides was no question in his Philosophy.” ...
... powers: “…the influence of the Moon upon the Tides was no question in his Philosophy.” ...
roberta de monticelli
... say, to stones or chairs): a kind of depth, hidden to sensory perception, yet in some measure accessible to other means of personal knowledge. This kind of depth is usually, although quite implicitly, felt to harbour the essence of a person as such – say, her « personality ». The uniqueness of perso ...
... say, to stones or chairs): a kind of depth, hidden to sensory perception, yet in some measure accessible to other means of personal knowledge. This kind of depth is usually, although quite implicitly, felt to harbour the essence of a person as such – say, her « personality ». The uniqueness of perso ...
Aesthetics as Philosophy of Experience
... and the Continental philosophers see philosophy more as a discussion of special problems. In the field of Aesthetics, however, the difference appears even more pronounced, and certainly more relevant than in other fields of research. For more than fifty years, between the 1950s and the early 2000s, Anal ...
... and the Continental philosophers see philosophy more as a discussion of special problems. In the field of Aesthetics, however, the difference appears even more pronounced, and certainly more relevant than in other fields of research. For more than fifty years, between the 1950s and the early 2000s, Anal ...
Treatise of Human Nature Book III: Morals
... seriously claimed that such a falsehood is indeed the foundation of all guilt and moral ugliness. [This was William Wollaston, who died about 15 years before Hume wrote the Treatise.] To see that he was wrong about that, we need only consider this: When a false conclusion is drawn from an action, th ...
... seriously claimed that such a falsehood is indeed the foundation of all guilt and moral ugliness. [This was William Wollaston, who died about 15 years before Hume wrote the Treatise.] To see that he was wrong about that, we need only consider this: When a false conclusion is drawn from an action, th ...
Problems Of Metaphysical Philosophy
... The word problem as used in this context is a noun and it could mean difficulty, puzzle or question to which answer or solution has to be given. When we therefore speak of the problems of metaphysical philosophy we have in mind those recurrent issues in metaphysics which border on human existence an ...
... The word problem as used in this context is a noun and it could mean difficulty, puzzle or question to which answer or solution has to be given. When we therefore speak of the problems of metaphysical philosophy we have in mind those recurrent issues in metaphysics which border on human existence an ...
The Evidence of the Senses
... The remainder of the argument purports to show that the inconclusive evidence of the senses is far too weak to support knowledge of the external world. After all, when enjoying a particularly vivid dream with my hands by my sides, or as a hapless, handless brain in a vat, my experience may also be ‘ ...
... The remainder of the argument purports to show that the inconclusive evidence of the senses is far too weak to support knowledge of the external world. After all, when enjoying a particularly vivid dream with my hands by my sides, or as a hapless, handless brain in a vat, my experience may also be ‘ ...
the scottish enlightenment, unintended consequences and the
... is based on our opinion of their legitimacy grounded, in the final analysis, in an appreciation of their utility. Note here that we require two things to make this sort of judgement: first, accurate historical evidence of the development of these institutions and, second, some plausible account of t ...
... is based on our opinion of their legitimacy grounded, in the final analysis, in an appreciation of their utility. Note here that we require two things to make this sort of judgement: first, accurate historical evidence of the development of these institutions and, second, some plausible account of t ...
Knowledge and the curriculum - Brunel University Research Archive
... multifaceted phenomenon. The requirements for a curriculum for learning mathematics are, after all, quite different from curricula concerned with, for example, car mechanics, aviation, brain surgery, beauty therapy, citizenship, critical thinking, and so on. It is also important not to think of thes ...
... multifaceted phenomenon. The requirements for a curriculum for learning mathematics are, after all, quite different from curricula concerned with, for example, car mechanics, aviation, brain surgery, beauty therapy, citizenship, critical thinking, and so on. It is also important not to think of thes ...
locke on consciousness
... personal identity in terms of memory; his alleged indirect realism about perception; the distinction between primary and secondary qualities; the attack on nativism; his psychologism about meaning; his empiricist views on concept acquisition, etc., have all been subject to extensive scrutiny and deb ...
... personal identity in terms of memory; his alleged indirect realism about perception; the distinction between primary and secondary qualities; the attack on nativism; his psychologism about meaning; his empiricist views on concept acquisition, etc., have all been subject to extensive scrutiny and deb ...
MTO 0.11: Covach, Destructuring Cartesian Dualism
... But in order to understand Heidegger’s critique of Descartes—and by extention, Husserl—it is important first to survey the broader concerns Heidegger addresses in Being and Time. [5] One of the central arguments Heidegger makes in Being and Time is that the Western philosophical tradition has “forgo ...
... But in order to understand Heidegger’s critique of Descartes—and by extention, Husserl—it is important first to survey the broader concerns Heidegger addresses in Being and Time. [5] One of the central arguments Heidegger makes in Being and Time is that the Western philosophical tradition has “forgo ...
RETRANSMITTABILITY AND EMPIRICAL PROPOSITIONS
... forms of criticism are employed. In order to test a theory anti-justificationists ask various questions about it and then evaluate the answers that are given to those questions. These questions include, but are not restricted to, the following: Is this theory consistent? Is this theory better than i ...
... forms of criticism are employed. In order to test a theory anti-justificationists ask various questions about it and then evaluate the answers that are given to those questions. These questions include, but are not restricted to, the following: Is this theory consistent? Is this theory better than i ...
The Self
... This basically means that from within the MI, an account of human conceptual abilities purely in terms of biology, chemistry, or physics, could never be accepted as correct. The problem, as Sellars points out, is that it some such naturalistic account must be correct, for “somehow the world is the ...
... This basically means that from within the MI, an account of human conceptual abilities purely in terms of biology, chemistry, or physics, could never be accepted as correct. The problem, as Sellars points out, is that it some such naturalistic account must be correct, for “somehow the world is the ...
Reality and Appearance
... their methods on the empirical sciences. This is how modern thinking assimilates reality and relates to it. In itself this is a very fascinating area for philosophical enquiry, and some philosophers have been bold enough to explore it. What Greek thought sought in reality is altogether different fro ...
... their methods on the empirical sciences. This is how modern thinking assimilates reality and relates to it. In itself this is a very fascinating area for philosophical enquiry, and some philosophers have been bold enough to explore it. What Greek thought sought in reality is altogether different fro ...
Treatise of Human Nature Book III: Morals
... things that hold back your project instead of pushing it forward. These false judgments may be thought to affect the passions and actions that are connected with them, and may be said to render them unreasonable (in a figurative and improper way of speaking). But it’s easy to see that such errors ar ...
... things that hold back your project instead of pushing it forward. These false judgments may be thought to affect the passions and actions that are connected with them, and may be said to render them unreasonable (in a figurative and improper way of speaking). But it’s easy to see that such errors ar ...
Aristotle on What It Means To Be Happy
... known to us and known absolutely. This idea that knowledge can be divided into two kinds has remained a tenet of philosophy to the present day and, in more modern, post-Kant, terminology, the former, ‘knowledge known to us’, are synthetic a posteriori, whilst the latter, ‘known absolutely’, are anal ...
... known to us and known absolutely. This idea that knowledge can be divided into two kinds has remained a tenet of philosophy to the present day and, in more modern, post-Kant, terminology, the former, ‘knowledge known to us’, are synthetic a posteriori, whilst the latter, ‘known absolutely’, are anal ...
First Name Surname Nationality Key Theories Key
... and Pi. Founded a religion which promoted vegetarianism and believed that "all things are number". Was the first to identify the link between music and mathematics. Sceptical of religion and rejected the idea that gods resemble humans in form. Philosopher and political figure who defined the behavio ...
... and Pi. Founded a religion which promoted vegetarianism and believed that "all things are number". Was the first to identify the link between music and mathematics. Sceptical of religion and rejected the idea that gods resemble humans in form. Philosopher and political figure who defined the behavio ...
File
... might “see the world in a grain of sand | And heaven in a wild flower” (William Blake); we might see the oppression of the working classes “written” into the uniformity of industrial landscapes 2) Marx - “life is not determined by consciousness but consciousness by life.” Our aesthetics lives, at th ...
... might “see the world in a grain of sand | And heaven in a wild flower” (William Blake); we might see the oppression of the working classes “written” into the uniformity of industrial landscapes 2) Marx - “life is not determined by consciousness but consciousness by life.” Our aesthetics lives, at th ...
EXPERIENCE AND PERCEPTUAL BELIEF
... by thumping the table”. She turns this immediately into “the startling negative thesis that experience cannot justify the acceptance of basic statements” (1993: 95; my italics). Notice Haack’s transition from “experience cannot justify a basic statement” to “experience cannot justify the acceptance ...
... by thumping the table”. She turns this immediately into “the startling negative thesis that experience cannot justify the acceptance of basic statements” (1993: 95; my italics). Notice Haack’s transition from “experience cannot justify a basic statement” to “experience cannot justify the acceptance ...
PDF
... with the reasonableness of arbitrary choices. Suppose Albert is trying to decide whether to take the eastern route or the western route and he finds that nothing favors one route over the other. Then it is reasonable for him to decide arbitrarily to take one of the two routes. If it is urgent for hi ...
... with the reasonableness of arbitrary choices. Suppose Albert is trying to decide whether to take the eastern route or the western route and he finds that nothing favors one route over the other. Then it is reasonable for him to decide arbitrarily to take one of the two routes. If it is urgent for hi ...
Lessons from Kant: On Knowledge, Morality, and Beauty
... are only aware of (some of) its derivatives. This is unfortunate, since the central elements of the original revolution are extremely enlightening. Loosely speaking, Kant’s Copernican revolution consists of placing the human (or rational) subject at the center of the philosophical study of knowledge ...
... are only aware of (some of) its derivatives. This is unfortunate, since the central elements of the original revolution are extremely enlightening. Loosely speaking, Kant’s Copernican revolution consists of placing the human (or rational) subject at the center of the philosophical study of knowledge ...
MEDIAEVAL THOUGHT-EXPERIMENTS: The Metamethodology of
... took as the measure of success of its theories and hypotheses not experimental confirmation, empirical justification, or saving the appearances, but rather the ability to deal with examples and purported counterexamples; (iii ) the method of mediæval science was thought-experiment rather than ...
... took as the measure of success of its theories and hypotheses not experimental confirmation, empirical justification, or saving the appearances, but rather the ability to deal with examples and purported counterexamples; (iii ) the method of mediæval science was thought-experiment rather than ...
Optical Illusions
... History of Illusions 500 B.C. - Height of the Greek Period “The eyes and ears are bad witnesses when they are at the service of minds that do not understand their language” ...
... History of Illusions 500 B.C. - Height of the Greek Period “The eyes and ears are bad witnesses when they are at the service of minds that do not understand their language” ...
BL5-13 - Additional Information
... Of Hartley's hypothetical vibrations in his hypothetical oscillating ether of the nerves, which is the first and most obvious distinction between his system and that of Aristotle, I shall say little. This, with all other similar attempts to render that an object of the sight which has no relation t ...
... Of Hartley's hypothetical vibrations in his hypothetical oscillating ether of the nerves, which is the first and most obvious distinction between his system and that of Aristotle, I shall say little. This, with all other similar attempts to render that an object of the sight which has no relation t ...
What is Existential-Phenomenology
... question of finding a method which will enable us to think at the same time of the externality which is the principle of the sciences of man and of the internality which is the condition of philosophy, of the contingencies without which there is no situation as well as of the rational certainty wit ...
... question of finding a method which will enable us to think at the same time of the externality which is the principle of the sciences of man and of the internality which is the condition of philosophy, of the contingencies without which there is no situation as well as of the rational certainty wit ...
Empiricism
Empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience. One of several views of epistemology, the study of human knowledge, along with rationalism and skepticism, empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory experience, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditions; empiricists may argue however that traditions (or customs) arise due to relations of previous sense experiences.Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasizes evidence, especially as discovered in experiments. It is a fundamental part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation.Empiricism, often used by natural scientists, says that ""knowledge is based on experience"" and that ""knowledge is tentative and probabilistic, subject to continued revision and falsification."" One of the epistemological tenets is that sensory experience creates knowledge. The scientific method, including experiments and validated measurement tools, guides empirical research.