My Summary of The Articel
... and the practice of science as sources of information about the nature of rationality. More recent work in philosophy of science has emphasized the role of substantive belief in scientific reasoning and method. Scientific reasoning is generated not only by formal logic but also by substantive belief ...
... and the practice of science as sources of information about the nature of rationality. More recent work in philosophy of science has emphasized the role of substantive belief in scientific reasoning and method. Scientific reasoning is generated not only by formal logic but also by substantive belief ...
-1- HUSSERL`S DISCOVERY OF PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE
... givenness,” bereft of any transcendence at all.9 He says that even if I put myself, the world, and my experience of myself into question, I can still retain the “pure phenomenon” of such experiencing and its targets as a domain of philosophical inquiry. It would be easy for us to disparage this phil ...
... givenness,” bereft of any transcendence at all.9 He says that even if I put myself, the world, and my experience of myself into question, I can still retain the “pure phenomenon” of such experiencing and its targets as a domain of philosophical inquiry. It would be easy for us to disparage this phil ...
PARADOX: THEME AND SEMIOTIC VARIATIONS* Michael Shapiro
... 6.178, 180). He frankly admitted the 'difficulty of the arithmetician who is awkward in finding an appropriate expression of that which Achilles does without the least embarrassment'. Apparently, the difficulties ...
... 6.178, 180). He frankly admitted the 'difficulty of the arithmetician who is awkward in finding an appropriate expression of that which Achilles does without the least embarrassment'. Apparently, the difficulties ...
How can physics account for mathematical truth? - Philsci
... holds even in a stronger sense. Σ ` φ actually asserts the existence of a physical process given certain initial conditions (notebook+CD) within the dotted line. The laws of nature probably predetermine whether this process is possible or not, even if nobody has initiated such a process yet. This s ...
... holds even in a stronger sense. Σ ` φ actually asserts the existence of a physical process given certain initial conditions (notebook+CD) within the dotted line. The laws of nature probably predetermine whether this process is possible or not, even if nobody has initiated such a process yet. This s ...
1 What is Scientific Progress? Lessons from Scientific Practice Moti
... developed similar technology, has similar societies and institutions, uses similar scientific theories, and so forth. Roughly, we’d say they were at the same stage of technological development as we were at the turn of the twentieth century. Now add that the people on each of the planets began in si ...
... developed similar technology, has similar societies and institutions, uses similar scientific theories, and so forth. Roughly, we’d say they were at the same stage of technological development as we were at the turn of the twentieth century. Now add that the people on each of the planets began in si ...
Why did Hume call his Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals
... ‘not the whole of his problem, but only a part of it, which, by itself, and without taking the entire sphere into account, cannot give sufficient answer’.19 In the theoretical part of his investigation, Hume had been unable to proceed systematically and he thus was prone to fall into scepticism foll ...
... ‘not the whole of his problem, but only a part of it, which, by itself, and without taking the entire sphere into account, cannot give sufficient answer’.19 In the theoretical part of his investigation, Hume had been unable to proceed systematically and he thus was prone to fall into scepticism foll ...
Lecture notes on Immanuel Kant
... Kant arrived at these conclusions will be explored in this series of lectures. 3. The Nature of Knowledge Another word which is given only an approximate English translation is Understanding from the German ‘Verstand’. Kant intended this word to refer simply to the use of reason and concepts in know ...
... Kant arrived at these conclusions will be explored in this series of lectures. 3. The Nature of Knowledge Another word which is given only an approximate English translation is Understanding from the German ‘Verstand’. Kant intended this word to refer simply to the use of reason and concepts in know ...
Concepts and Objects
... of conception that allows him to prosecute a scientific realism unencumbered by the epistemological strictures of empiricism.5 In doing so, Sellars augurs a new alliance between post-Kantian rationalism and post-Darwinian naturalism. His naturalistic rationalism6 purges the latter of those residues ...
... of conception that allows him to prosecute a scientific realism unencumbered by the epistemological strictures of empiricism.5 In doing so, Sellars augurs a new alliance between post-Kantian rationalism and post-Darwinian naturalism. His naturalistic rationalism6 purges the latter of those residues ...
1st Prize: Cherry Dicko
... relation to a medical procedure. Although a patient would not need to know how to perform the procedure themselves, there may be some after-procedure tasks they need to know how to undertake. For example, if this patient undertook a procedure after which they are required to take medication for a fe ...
... relation to a medical procedure. Although a patient would not need to know how to perform the procedure themselves, there may be some after-procedure tasks they need to know how to undertake. For example, if this patient undertook a procedure after which they are required to take medication for a fe ...
Russell, Bertrand - The Problems of Philosophy
... immediately experience by sight or touch or hearing. The real table, if there is one, is not immediately known to us at all, but must be an inference from what is immediately known. Hence, two very difficult questions at once arise; namely, (1) Is there a real table at all? (2) If so, what sort of o ...
... immediately experience by sight or touch or hearing. The real table, if there is one, is not immediately known to us at all, but must be an inference from what is immediately known. Hence, two very difficult questions at once arise; namely, (1) Is there a real table at all? (2) If so, what sort of o ...
Does Representationalism Undermine the Knowledge Argument?
... representation in general. That is, they may explain how it is that a mental state (e.g., a belief or a visual experience) might represent that the world is such-and-such—how a state might have a certain representational content. But again, in the case of color experiences, representational characte ...
... representation in general. That is, they may explain how it is that a mental state (e.g., a belief or a visual experience) might represent that the world is such-and-such—how a state might have a certain representational content. But again, in the case of color experiences, representational characte ...
Causality in the Nyāya
... between a cause and its effect? The second, and perhaps more basic question is: whether the notion of cause is at all a viable concept in philosophy, useful for explanation and understanding of what are called 'events'? Because of the muddle and complexity associated with the notion of 'cause', some ...
... between a cause and its effect? The second, and perhaps more basic question is: whether the notion of cause is at all a viable concept in philosophy, useful for explanation and understanding of what are called 'events'? Because of the muddle and complexity associated with the notion of 'cause', some ...
Neo-Fregeanism and Quantifier Variance
... way. First, the issues at stake in the about whether ‘the number of Fs’ is a singular term will simply reappear in debate about whether the left-hand side of instances of the biconditional satisfy semantic compositionality and penetrability by quantifiers. For neo-Fregeans, all it takes for somethin ...
... way. First, the issues at stake in the about whether ‘the number of Fs’ is a singular term will simply reappear in debate about whether the left-hand side of instances of the biconditional satisfy semantic compositionality and penetrability by quantifiers. For neo-Fregeans, all it takes for somethin ...
Richard Bernstein, “Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: An Overview.”
... philosophy but rather as a sign of the "scandal" of philosophy that demanded resolution. But as we follow the internal development in the twentieth century of both Anglo-American and continental philosophy, we can detect increasing doubts about the project of grounding philosophy, knowledge, and lan ...
... philosophy but rather as a sign of the "scandal" of philosophy that demanded resolution. But as we follow the internal development in the twentieth century of both Anglo-American and continental philosophy, we can detect increasing doubts about the project of grounding philosophy, knowledge, and lan ...
Stanisław Judycki
... this metaphysical sense means existence itself, i.e. existence taken against the background of possible total nonexistence or against the background of ‘absolute nothingness’. Not only Kant’s real thalars but also his possible thalars, i.e. possible as only thought by some thinking subject, or possi ...
... this metaphysical sense means existence itself, i.e. existence taken against the background of possible total nonexistence or against the background of ‘absolute nothingness’. Not only Kant’s real thalars but also his possible thalars, i.e. possible as only thought by some thinking subject, or possi ...
Morality - General Guide To Personal and Societies Web Space at
... ‘Morality,’ as philosophers currently use the term, refers to something different than it does when someone speaks of the morality of ancient Athens or that of Pashtun tribes of contemporary Afghanistan. Neither is it the same as any individual’s morality. What we have in mind in these latter uses a ...
... ‘Morality,’ as philosophers currently use the term, refers to something different than it does when someone speaks of the morality of ancient Athens or that of Pashtun tribes of contemporary Afghanistan. Neither is it the same as any individual’s morality. What we have in mind in these latter uses a ...
Scepticism with regard to Reason* David Owen, University of
... seemed false to us.”10 The argument is similar to Hume’s first negative argument: since we are fallible, and make mistakes, we can’t accept as certain even the results of demonstrations. An awareness of the unreliability of the faculty of reason, causes us to treat the conclusions of reason with les ...
... seemed false to us.”10 The argument is similar to Hume’s first negative argument: since we are fallible, and make mistakes, we can’t accept as certain even the results of demonstrations. An awareness of the unreliability of the faculty of reason, causes us to treat the conclusions of reason with les ...
Intuition, Entitlement and the Epistemology of Logical Laws
... Boghossian puts it, blind reasoning—reasoning uninformed by self-conscious logical policing—may be knowledge-conferring. And if that is a possibility, might it not be that one can blindly infer to knowledge of logic itself ? It is an arresting thought. But Boghossian is, of course, vividly aware tha ...
... Boghossian puts it, blind reasoning—reasoning uninformed by self-conscious logical policing—may be knowledge-conferring. And if that is a possibility, might it not be that one can blindly infer to knowledge of logic itself ? It is an arresting thought. But Boghossian is, of course, vividly aware tha ...
Introspecting in the Twentieth Century
... experiences in their theorizing. This raises questions about the relationship between the apparently scorching critique of the use of introspection within psychology during the first part of the century, and the continued and relatively easy-going use of introspection in philosophical theorizing. On ...
... experiences in their theorizing. This raises questions about the relationship between the apparently scorching critique of the use of introspection within psychology during the first part of the century, and the continued and relatively easy-going use of introspection in philosophical theorizing. On ...
Hume`s Aesthetic Theism
... The second element that mixes into the production of religious belief is an understanding (or lack of understanding) of the domain that is being contemplated. In the case of both superstition and enthusiasm, the posture of the believer is one of ignorance. Hume tells us that superstition is driven b ...
... The second element that mixes into the production of religious belief is an understanding (or lack of understanding) of the domain that is being contemplated. In the case of both superstition and enthusiasm, the posture of the believer is one of ignorance. Hume tells us that superstition is driven b ...
David Hume`s no-miracles argument begets a valid No
... Earman claims that even if Hume had known of Bayes's work it is unlikely that he would have understood it (1998, p.25). That might be true for Bayes's derivation of the posterior distribution of a binomial parameter which makes up the major part of his paper, but there is little doubt that Hume coul ...
... Earman claims that even if Hume had known of Bayes's work it is unlikely that he would have understood it (1998, p.25). That might be true for Bayes's derivation of the posterior distribution of a binomial parameter which makes up the major part of his paper, but there is little doubt that Hume coul ...
A Beginner`s Guide to Descartes`s Meditations
... where the nature of the mind is considered, or the possible existence of the soul is debated, Descartes is likely at some point to put in an appearance. However, Descartes is also important in other respects. Firstly, he is in many ways representative of an age. The seventeenth century marked a turn ...
... where the nature of the mind is considered, or the possible existence of the soul is debated, Descartes is likely at some point to put in an appearance. However, Descartes is also important in other respects. Firstly, he is in many ways representative of an age. The seventeenth century marked a turn ...
Relativism and the Ontological Turn within Anthropology1
... resemblance, which (we hope) provides just enough purchase for the subsequent philosophical discussion. It should also be said that these themes are not intended to be exhaustive; other elements could be added to make the family resemblances even more vivid.2 The four commitments can be expressed as ...
... resemblance, which (we hope) provides just enough purchase for the subsequent philosophical discussion. It should also be said that these themes are not intended to be exhaustive; other elements could be added to make the family resemblances even more vivid.2 The four commitments can be expressed as ...
Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas
... explored in the history of art,17where it has caused an essentially historicist story which traced the development of illusionist to yield place to a story which is content to trace changing intentions and conventions. More recently an analogous exploration has been made with some plausibility in th ...
... explored in the history of art,17where it has caused an essentially historicist story which traced the development of illusionist to yield place to a story which is content to trace changing intentions and conventions. More recently an analogous exploration has been made with some plausibility in th ...
Name: Bene Colenbrander Academic Writing, group: [C] Essay: [3
... problems with the aspect of control in the Western paradigm of music and that he therefore wanted to introduce the element of chance in his musical compositions, as “the principle of law involves that the progression, the interconnection of notes (or at least, sounds) are not teleological anymore: r ...
... problems with the aspect of control in the Western paradigm of music and that he therefore wanted to introduce the element of chance in his musical compositions, as “the principle of law involves that the progression, the interconnection of notes (or at least, sounds) are not teleological anymore: r ...
Empiricism
Empiricism is a theory that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience. One of several views of epistemology, the study of human knowledge, along with rationalism and skepticism, empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory experience, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditions; empiricists may argue however that traditions (or customs) arise due to relations of previous sense experiences.Empiricism in the philosophy of science emphasizes evidence, especially as discovered in experiments. It is a fundamental part of the scientific method that all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation.Empiricism, often used by natural scientists, says that ""knowledge is based on experience"" and that ""knowledge is tentative and probabilistic, subject to continued revision and falsification."" One of the epistemological tenets is that sensory experience creates knowledge. The scientific method, including experiments and validated measurement tools, guides empirical research.