WGICA - ICES
... concluded that the purpose of an IEA for the central Arctic Ocean was seen as twofold: 1) provide a holistic and integrated view on the status, trends and pressures, and 2) contribute to implementation of the EA to management of the central Arctic Ocean. Regarding the review of data and information ...
... concluded that the purpose of an IEA for the central Arctic Ocean was seen as twofold: 1) provide a holistic and integrated view on the status, trends and pressures, and 2) contribute to implementation of the EA to management of the central Arctic Ocean. Regarding the review of data and information ...
Best Practices in Tuna Longline Fisheries
... them difficult to manage), and have life history characteristics that make them especially vulnerable to fishing pressure. The life history characteristics of sharks, sea turtles, sea birds, and marine mammals include attaining sexual maturity at a late age, having a long reproductive cycle, and pro ...
... them difficult to manage), and have life history characteristics that make them especially vulnerable to fishing pressure. The life history characteristics of sharks, sea turtles, sea birds, and marine mammals include attaining sexual maturity at a late age, having a long reproductive cycle, and pro ...
Ichnology of continental slope-‐channel systems: Biological
... gradients are typically 1-‐7o (Vorren et al., 1998) but locally may exceed 11o (e.g. Conchonat et al., 1993). So-‐called “deep water” environments beyond the shelf break (from as little as 200 m to ...
... gradients are typically 1-‐7o (Vorren et al., 1998) but locally may exceed 11o (e.g. Conchonat et al., 1993). So-‐called “deep water” environments beyond the shelf break (from as little as 200 m to ...
Sea-Floor Massive Sulphides 1A - SPC
... Hydrothermal vents were first discovered at the Galapagos Rift in 1977 (Corliss et al 1979). Observations made in 1979 from the manned submersible Alvin on the East Pacific Rise revealed vents where superheated water was emerging from the sea floor at temperatures exceeding 350°C. These vents were a ...
... Hydrothermal vents were first discovered at the Galapagos Rift in 1977 (Corliss et al 1979). Observations made in 1979 from the manned submersible Alvin on the East Pacific Rise revealed vents where superheated water was emerging from the sea floor at temperatures exceeding 350°C. These vents were a ...
IOTC-2011-WPNT01
... Major gears used to catch tuna vary between the different parts of Malaysia. Purse seine and trawl nets are quite common in the west Malacca Strait while in the east, purse seine and troll-lines are the major fishing gears operating up to offshore areas (the EEZ boundary of 200 nm). In Sarawak water ...
... Major gears used to catch tuna vary between the different parts of Malaysia. Purse seine and trawl nets are quite common in the west Malacca Strait while in the east, purse seine and troll-lines are the major fishing gears operating up to offshore areas (the EEZ boundary of 200 nm). In Sarawak water ...
MaRine HabitatS and CoMMunitieS
... habitats of the Scotian Shelf fall into two broad categories: the water column and benthic habitats. Within these habitats live groups of organisms known as ‘communities’ that interact with each other while sharing a similar environment. The structure and function of these communities have evolved i ...
... habitats of the Scotian Shelf fall into two broad categories: the water column and benthic habitats. Within these habitats live groups of organisms known as ‘communities’ that interact with each other while sharing a similar environment. The structure and function of these communities have evolved i ...
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... microbial life and its carbon substrates), Origins (Abiotic vs Biotic sources of substrates fueling deep life) and Forms (Different genotypes and phenotypes, as well as compositional and redox states of carbon) of deep life. Our research strategy will leverage DLC’s investment in conducting a global ...
... microbial life and its carbon substrates), Origins (Abiotic vs Biotic sources of substrates fueling deep life) and Forms (Different genotypes and phenotypes, as well as compositional and redox states of carbon) of deep life. Our research strategy will leverage DLC’s investment in conducting a global ...
Consultative Draft, V5 November, 2016
... over the past three decades have demonstrated that the deep-sea is far from being a dormant, buffered system, it responds immediately in time and space to a range of powerful drivers and pressures. These include pulses of sinking organic matter, pollution by hydrocarbons and littering, hydrotherma ...
... over the past three decades have demonstrated that the deep-sea is far from being a dormant, buffered system, it responds immediately in time and space to a range of powerful drivers and pressures. These include pulses of sinking organic matter, pollution by hydrocarbons and littering, hydrotherma ...
Water mass-specificity of bacterial communities in the North
... substantially increased our knowledge about marine microbial community structure and has ...
... substantially increased our knowledge about marine microbial community structure and has ...
Dynamics of temperature and chlorophyll
... Vortex lines above the seamount are compressed, and due to conservation of potential vorticity anticyclonic vorticity is induced. The resulting flow-field is a combination of the velocity induced by the anticyclonic vorticity and the free-stream velocity. Under certain conditions of current, stratif ...
... Vortex lines above the seamount are compressed, and due to conservation of potential vorticity anticyclonic vorticity is induced. The resulting flow-field is a combination of the velocity induced by the anticyclonic vorticity and the free-stream velocity. Under certain conditions of current, stratif ...
Aquatic biomes
... – one of most productive biomes on earth due to nutrients delivered by rivers » major producers are salt marsh grasses, algae, phytoplankton – support diverse communities – are crucial feeding areas for many types of water fowl – threatened by same types of activities as wetlands ...
... – one of most productive biomes on earth due to nutrients delivered by rivers » major producers are salt marsh grasses, algae, phytoplankton – support diverse communities – are crucial feeding areas for many types of water fowl – threatened by same types of activities as wetlands ...
The status of natural resources on the high-seas
... environments are out of sight, poorly known and there is little perceived threat to these areas. It is only in recent years that long-term (i) and large-scale research (ii) of the deep-sea environment has begun. Recent decades have, however, seen a continuous increase in the human exploitation of th ...
... environments are out of sight, poorly known and there is little perceived threat to these areas. It is only in recent years that long-term (i) and large-scale research (ii) of the deep-sea environment has begun. Recent decades have, however, seen a continuous increase in the human exploitation of th ...
Coral reefs in crisis
... reproduction and development. Sewage flowing into the sea increases the nutrient levels of the water, while large power plants alter water temperatures by discharging hot water into coastal waters. The leakage of fuels into the water and the occurrences of spills by large tankers are also extremely ...
... reproduction and development. Sewage flowing into the sea increases the nutrient levels of the water, while large power plants alter water temperatures by discharging hot water into coastal waters. The leakage of fuels into the water and the occurrences of spills by large tankers are also extremely ...
Biological and physical processes in and around Astoria submarine
... During the summer of 2001, physical, chemical, and biological measurements in the canyon were taken to better understand the hydrodynamic setting of, and the feeding relationships among, the pelagic and benthic communities. Results show that currents were strongly tidal, and transport, where measure ...
... During the summer of 2001, physical, chemical, and biological measurements in the canyon were taken to better understand the hydrodynamic setting of, and the feeding relationships among, the pelagic and benthic communities. Results show that currents were strongly tidal, and transport, where measure ...
consequences and acclimatization strategies
... of scientific communication that is often underestimated or even (falsely) considered of lower value: poster sessions. Making up a good poster is like writing a gripping short story or painting a picture that captures the spectator with its statement - or both of it at once. The poster constrains it ...
... of scientific communication that is often underestimated or even (falsely) considered of lower value: poster sessions. Making up a good poster is like writing a gripping short story or painting a picture that captures the spectator with its statement - or both of it at once. The poster constrains it ...
Sustainable Use of Our Oceans – Making Ideas Work
... Our scientific knowledge, too, has grown apace. It has become more diverse and multi- ...
... Our scientific knowledge, too, has grown apace. It has become more diverse and multi- ...
Status of US Harmful Algal Blooms
... microscopic algae at the base of the marine food chain are a few dozen that produce toxins. Algal species make their presence known sometimes as a massive “bloom” of cells that may discolor the water (Figure 1). Other species, in dilute, inconspicuous concentrations of cells, are noticed because the ...
... microscopic algae at the base of the marine food chain are a few dozen that produce toxins. Algal species make their presence known sometimes as a massive “bloom” of cells that may discolor the water (Figure 1). Other species, in dilute, inconspicuous concentrations of cells, are noticed because the ...
Chapter 11 - Census of Marine Life Maps and Visualization
... et al. 2006). Thus, it is mainly the temperature difference that allows only very few species to survive at both sides of the Antarctic Convergence, rather than the front acting as a hydrodynamic barrier. The comparison between the surface and near-seabed temperature shows more obviously than ever b ...
... et al. 2006). Thus, it is mainly the temperature difference that allows only very few species to survive at both sides of the Antarctic Convergence, rather than the front acting as a hydrodynamic barrier. The comparison between the surface and near-seabed temperature shows more obviously than ever b ...
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current The ACC is the world`s only
... Multicellular animals in the water column are generally divided by size and swimming ability. This distinction is not always clear, however; some active swimmers may be quite small, whereas some large animals may be such poor swimmers that they are little more than drifters. Zooplankton species rang ...
... Multicellular animals in the water column are generally divided by size and swimming ability. This distinction is not always clear, however; some active swimmers may be quite small, whereas some large animals may be such poor swimmers that they are little more than drifters. Zooplankton species rang ...
Chapter 42 Cold-Water Corals
... because they have been the focus of the most extensive research in this developing field. However, other types of cold-water corals can also form highly significant structural habitat and these are also discussed. The most representative cold-water, framework-building, scleractinian corals are Enall ...
... because they have been the focus of the most extensive research in this developing field. However, other types of cold-water corals can also form highly significant structural habitat and these are also discussed. The most representative cold-water, framework-building, scleractinian corals are Enall ...
Technologies for Exploring the Exclusive Economic Zone
... largest piece of “real estate” to come under the jurisdiction of the United States since acquisitions of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and the purchase of Alaska in 1867. The EEZ remains largely unexplored, both in the Lewis and Clark sense of gaining general knowledge of a vast new territory and i ...
... largest piece of “real estate” to come under the jurisdiction of the United States since acquisitions of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and the purchase of Alaska in 1867. The EEZ remains largely unexplored, both in the Lewis and Clark sense of gaining general knowledge of a vast new territory and i ...
Renewable Energies from the Ocean.pdf
... Air–sea interaction is, according to Geer (1), the interchange of energy (e.g., heat and kinetic energy) and mass (e.g., moisture and particles) that takes place across the active surface interface between the top layer of the ocean and the layer of air in contact with it and vice versa. The fluxes ...
... Air–sea interaction is, according to Geer (1), the interchange of energy (e.g., heat and kinetic energy) and mass (e.g., moisture and particles) that takes place across the active surface interface between the top layer of the ocean and the layer of air in contact with it and vice versa. The fluxes ...
Sensors for observing ecosystem status
... the cycles of carbon, nutrients and oxygen mediated by biotic and abiotic processes and how our activities modulate these flows. Obviously impact assessments are not limited to anthropogenic impacts, but also cover natural events and the line between these two may be fluid. When are shifting ocean c ...
... the cycles of carbon, nutrients and oxygen mediated by biotic and abiotic processes and how our activities modulate these flows. Obviously impact assessments are not limited to anthropogenic impacts, but also cover natural events and the line between these two may be fluid. When are shifting ocean c ...
Photosynthesis in the Ocean as a Function of Light Intensity
... Photosynthesis was measured in 14 species of marine plankton algae in relation to light intensites within the entire range to which natural phytoplankton populations may be exposed. A mean curve was constructed showing relative photosynthesis in marine phytoplankton as related to light intensity. Fr ...
... Photosynthesis was measured in 14 species of marine plankton algae in relation to light intensites within the entire range to which natural phytoplankton populations may be exposed. A mean curve was constructed showing relative photosynthesis in marine phytoplankton as related to light intensity. Fr ...
Deep sea fish
Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish. Other deep sea fish include the flashlight fish, cookiecutter shark, bristlemouths, anglerfish, and viperfish.Only about 2% of known marine species inhabit the pelagic environment. This means that they live in the water column as opposed to the benthic organisms that live in or on the sea floor. Deep-sea organisms generally inhabit bathypelagic (1000m-4000m deep) and abyssopelagic (4000m-6000m deep) zones. However, characteristics of deep-sea organisms, such as bioluminescence can be seen in the mesopelagic (200m-1000m deep) zone as well. The mesopelagic zone is the disphotic zone, meaning light there is minimal but still measurable. The oxygen minimum layer exists somewhere between a depth of 700m and 1000m deep depending on the place in the ocean. This area is also where nutrients are most abundant. The bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones are aphotic, meaning that no light penetrates this area of the ocean. These zones make up about 75% of the inhabitable ocean space.The epipelagic zone (0m-200m) is the area where light penetrates the water and photosynthesis occurs. This is also known as the photic zone. Because this typically extends only a few hundred meters below the water, the deep sea, about 90% of the ocean volume, is in darkness. The deep sea is also an extremely hostile environment, with temperatures that rarely exceed 3 °C and fall as low as -1.8 °C (with the exception of hydrothermal vent ecosystems that can exceed 350 °C), low oxygen levels, and pressures between 20 and 1,000 atmospheres (between 2 and 100 megapascals).