Behavior, physiology and the niche of depth
... delivers nutrients to the photic zone through mixing and upwelling, leading to enhanced productivity (Yentsch 1980; Kiørboe 1993). There are limits, however: deep vertical mixing reduces mean irradiance for surface-layer phytoplankton, thereby diminishing primary productivity (Sverdrup 1953); in oth ...
... delivers nutrients to the photic zone through mixing and upwelling, leading to enhanced productivity (Yentsch 1980; Kiørboe 1993). There are limits, however: deep vertical mixing reduces mean irradiance for surface-layer phytoplankton, thereby diminishing primary productivity (Sverdrup 1953); in oth ...
Behavior, physiology and the niche of depth
... delivers nutrients to the photic zone through mixing and upwelling, leading to enhanced productivity (Yentsch 1980; Kiørboe 1993). There are limits, however: deep vertical mixing reduces mean irradiance for surface-layer phytoplankton, thereby diminishing primary productivity (Sverdrup 1953); in oth ...
... delivers nutrients to the photic zone through mixing and upwelling, leading to enhanced productivity (Yentsch 1980; Kiørboe 1993). There are limits, however: deep vertical mixing reduces mean irradiance for surface-layer phytoplankton, thereby diminishing primary productivity (Sverdrup 1953); in oth ...
Report on Climate Change and Carrying Capacity of the North
... U.S. GLOBEC Program The U.S. GLOBal Ocean ECosystems Dynamics (U.S. GLOBEC) program has a goal of understanding how physical processes influence marine ecosystem dynamics in order to predict the response of the ecosystem and the stability of its food web to climate change. The program proposes to ac ...
... U.S. GLOBEC Program The U.S. GLOBal Ocean ECosystems Dynamics (U.S. GLOBEC) program has a goal of understanding how physical processes influence marine ecosystem dynamics in order to predict the response of the ecosystem and the stability of its food web to climate change. The program proposes to ac ...
Marine Algal Toxins: Origins, Health Effects, and
... low levels of algal toxins are only poorly documented and are an emerging issue (2-5). The origins of marine algal toxins are unicellular algae that, in response to favorable conditions in their environment, may proliferate and/or aggregate to form dense concentrations of cells or "blooms." In many ...
... low levels of algal toxins are only poorly documented and are an emerging issue (2-5). The origins of marine algal toxins are unicellular algae that, in response to favorable conditions in their environment, may proliferate and/or aggregate to form dense concentrations of cells or "blooms." In many ...
Survival and settling of larval Macoma balthica in
... balthica (L.), is experiencing variable conditions throughout its lifecycle. During the larval phase, it is exposed to large pelagic diel pH fluctuations (Jansson et al., 2013; Almén et al., 2014) followed by the harsh reducing conditions of the sedimentary system when settling into the benthic envi ...
... balthica (L.), is experiencing variable conditions throughout its lifecycle. During the larval phase, it is exposed to large pelagic diel pH fluctuations (Jansson et al., 2013; Almén et al., 2014) followed by the harsh reducing conditions of the sedimentary system when settling into the benthic envi ...
Marine-Policy 74:245-259 - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
... mining? 2. What are the key factors or parameters to measure to inform the decision about whether an impact constitutes serious harm or not? 3. What are the special features of the deep-sea habitats targeted by mining companies that affect the significance of impacts? In this paper, which is based on ...
... mining? 2. What are the key factors or parameters to measure to inform the decision about whether an impact constitutes serious harm or not? 3. What are the special features of the deep-sea habitats targeted by mining companies that affect the significance of impacts? In this paper, which is based on ...
SCRS/2014/176
... western Gulf of Mexico. This survey was limited in the area of the Bahamas and did not extend eastward beyond 78° W. McGowan and Richards (1989) reported only 14 bluefin larvae from this survey, but as they note, in 1984 and 1986 the average catch in the Gulf of Mexico was less than 24 total larvae ...
... western Gulf of Mexico. This survey was limited in the area of the Bahamas and did not extend eastward beyond 78° W. McGowan and Richards (1989) reported only 14 bluefin larvae from this survey, but as they note, in 1984 and 1986 the average catch in the Gulf of Mexico was less than 24 total larvae ...
Frontline Observations on Climate Change and
... In the Humboldt Current LME, the authors Serra, Akester, Bouchon and Gutierrez focus on climate forcing and how it is changing abundance levels of two small, but extremely abundant pelagic fish species - the anchovy and sardine. The annual production of these species is equal to 20 percent of the wo ...
... In the Humboldt Current LME, the authors Serra, Akester, Bouchon and Gutierrez focus on climate forcing and how it is changing abundance levels of two small, but extremely abundant pelagic fish species - the anchovy and sardine. The annual production of these species is equal to 20 percent of the wo ...
DEEP SEA. WASTE DISPOSAL
... and be closely related to, work being done abroad to the same general end. The United Kingdom is on^ of a small group of nations with the expertise an^ equipment to work effectively at sea. All will have to play their part if work on the many problems is to progress satisfactorily. Some types of res ...
... and be closely related to, work being done abroad to the same general end. The United Kingdom is on^ of a small group of nations with the expertise an^ equipment to work effectively at sea. All will have to play their part if work on the many problems is to progress satisfactorily. Some types of res ...
A review of community ecology of mesophotic coral reef ecosystems
... extends from 30 to *60 m where the slope steepens to a near vertical deep fore-reef escarpment from *60 to 120–130 m. The escarpment consists of an irregular wall incised by sediment chutes and interrupted by ledges. Near the bottom of the deep fore-reef escarpment, the slope decreases until the dee ...
... extends from 30 to *60 m where the slope steepens to a near vertical deep fore-reef escarpment from *60 to 120–130 m. The escarpment consists of an irregular wall incised by sediment chutes and interrupted by ledges. Near the bottom of the deep fore-reef escarpment, the slope decreases until the dee ...
C085.08 Report Definitief Biodiversity of the High Seas
... Wageningen IMARES is a knowledge and research partner for governmental authorities, private industry and social organisations for which marine habitat and resources are of interest. Wageningen IMARES provides strategic and applied ecological investigation related to ecological and economic developme ...
... Wageningen IMARES is a knowledge and research partner for governmental authorities, private industry and social organisations for which marine habitat and resources are of interest. Wageningen IMARES provides strategic and applied ecological investigation related to ecological and economic developme ...
Here - Centre for Ocean Life
... from first principles, has formed a solid platform for the identification of key traits and associated trade-offs for the major life forms in the ocean. Further work has focused on pelagic bacteria, phyto- and zooplankton, and fish. Main discoveries include a mechanisms to explain why most dissolved ...
... from first principles, has formed a solid platform for the identification of key traits and associated trade-offs for the major life forms in the ocean. Further work has focused on pelagic bacteria, phyto- and zooplankton, and fish. Main discoveries include a mechanisms to explain why most dissolved ...
GLOBAL OCEAN ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS GLOBEC Special
... Research (SCOR) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The primary goal for GLOBEC is: “To advance our understanding of the structure and functioning of the global ocean ecosystem, its major subsystems, and its response to physical forcing so that a capability can be dev ...
... Research (SCOR) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The primary goal for GLOBEC is: “To advance our understanding of the structure and functioning of the global ocean ecosystem, its major subsystems, and its response to physical forcing so that a capability can be dev ...
PHYTOPLANKTON, ZOOPLANKTON, MICRONEKTON, AND
... coastal ecosystems generally, and specifically, to provide integrated assessments of the effect of environmental variability and climate change on coastal marine ecosystems within the NEP. The data sets assembled and collected within the GLOBEC NEP program--including historical data, and newly colle ...
... coastal ecosystems generally, and specifically, to provide integrated assessments of the effect of environmental variability and climate change on coastal marine ecosystems within the NEP. The data sets assembled and collected within the GLOBEC NEP program--including historical data, and newly colle ...
Angus Mackenzie - Water Column Effects Harmful Algae Blooms
... Sea, Northern Adriatic and Black Sea all have regions where increases in HABs have been coincident with increases in nutrient loading from urban, industrial and agricultural sources. Comparable situations are not known in New Zealand and it is unlikely that eutrophication is an important factor in t ...
... Sea, Northern Adriatic and Black Sea all have regions where increases in HABs have been coincident with increases in nutrient loading from urban, industrial and agricultural sources. Comparable situations are not known in New Zealand and it is unlikely that eutrophication is an important factor in t ...
Report of the Working Group on Deep
... strands of evidence for the presence of cold-water coral on the Rockall Bank, three options for boundaries of appropriate areas to close were derived. The choice between these boundaries extends beyond science into the weight that society wishes to give to each of the three strands of evidence. An e ...
... strands of evidence for the presence of cold-water coral on the Rockall Bank, three options for boundaries of appropriate areas to close were derived. The choice between these boundaries extends beyond science into the weight that society wishes to give to each of the three strands of evidence. An e ...
Marine sciences: People`s Republic of Mozambique
... Salinity is slightly higher along the north coast and off Inhambane than in September. It is significantly reduced off Quelimare and Beira, but the tongue-like surface layer is missing. The maximum southward flow was at distances from 50 to 130 km seaward, with indications of an inshore northward co ...
... Salinity is slightly higher along the north coast and off Inhambane than in September. It is significantly reduced off Quelimare and Beira, but the tongue-like surface layer is missing. The maximum southward flow was at distances from 50 to 130 km seaward, with indications of an inshore northward co ...
ICES assessment of the impact of fisheries on the marine
... multiannual and strategic context. While the transition towards a full ecosystem approach to fisheries management should be progressive and concomitant with the enhancement of scientific knowledge…”, “…the current state of scientific knowledge, coupled with a sound application of the precautionary p ...
... multiannual and strategic context. While the transition towards a full ecosystem approach to fisheries management should be progressive and concomitant with the enhancement of scientific knowledge…”, “…the current state of scientific knowledge, coupled with a sound application of the precautionary p ...
LESSON PLANS - hiddencorner.us
... 1. Organize the class into six groups, each with a team leader. Walk around the room and have each team leader choose from a container a piece of paper that has the name of an early ocean scientist on it. 2. WRITE THE AIM: What do we know about the early scientific exploration of the ocean? Students ...
... 1. Organize the class into six groups, each with a team leader. Walk around the room and have each team leader choose from a container a piece of paper that has the name of an early ocean scientist on it. 2. WRITE THE AIM: What do we know about the early scientific exploration of the ocean? Students ...
DFO. 2006. Assessing Habitat Risks Associated with Bivalve
... warranted. Localized bio-deposition due to enhanced sedimentation of feces and pseudofeces from suspended or off-bottom bivalve culture may focus organic loading, potentially leading to hypoxic and anoxic sediments that alter local infaunal communities. Because the absolute and relative scales of le ...
... warranted. Localized bio-deposition due to enhanced sedimentation of feces and pseudofeces from suspended or off-bottom bivalve culture may focus organic loading, potentially leading to hypoxic and anoxic sediments that alter local infaunal communities. Because the absolute and relative scales of le ...
Changes in Marine Prokaryote Composition with Season and Depth
... Ocean is the shallowest of the five major oceanic divisions, still its average depth is >1000 m deep. These aphotic zones are characterized by higher pressures, lower temperatures and higher inorganic nutrient concentrations than the photic surface waters above (Arístegui et al., 2009; Orcutt et al. ...
... Ocean is the shallowest of the five major oceanic divisions, still its average depth is >1000 m deep. These aphotic zones are characterized by higher pressures, lower temperatures and higher inorganic nutrient concentrations than the photic surface waters above (Arístegui et al., 2009; Orcutt et al. ...
Report 6512 – The effects on wind power on marine life – A
... to re-suspension of sediment, since it occurs naturally in their environment. The sediment dispersal at the construction of a wind farm is often confined to a short period. The effects are also relatively small due to the fact that the bottom sediment is usually coarse-grained. The overall assessmen ...
... to re-suspension of sediment, since it occurs naturally in their environment. The sediment dispersal at the construction of a wind farm is often confined to a short period. The effects are also relatively small due to the fact that the bottom sediment is usually coarse-grained. The overall assessmen ...
Unit 6
... How can we save our oceans? Treatment of sewage In 1989, the Environmental Protection Department completed the Sewage Strategy Study which developed an overall strategy for the management of sewage. A major part of the strategy was the Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme which would collect sewage in t ...
... How can we save our oceans? Treatment of sewage In 1989, the Environmental Protection Department completed the Sewage Strategy Study which developed an overall strategy for the management of sewage. A major part of the strategy was the Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme which would collect sewage in t ...
Ch. 16 Marine and Coastal Systems
... - Populations stabilize at 10% of their former levels • Marine communities may have been very different ...
... - Populations stabilize at 10% of their former levels • Marine communities may have been very different ...
Deep sea fish
Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish. Other deep sea fish include the flashlight fish, cookiecutter shark, bristlemouths, anglerfish, and viperfish.Only about 2% of known marine species inhabit the pelagic environment. This means that they live in the water column as opposed to the benthic organisms that live in or on the sea floor. Deep-sea organisms generally inhabit bathypelagic (1000m-4000m deep) and abyssopelagic (4000m-6000m deep) zones. However, characteristics of deep-sea organisms, such as bioluminescence can be seen in the mesopelagic (200m-1000m deep) zone as well. The mesopelagic zone is the disphotic zone, meaning light there is minimal but still measurable. The oxygen minimum layer exists somewhere between a depth of 700m and 1000m deep depending on the place in the ocean. This area is also where nutrients are most abundant. The bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones are aphotic, meaning that no light penetrates this area of the ocean. These zones make up about 75% of the inhabitable ocean space.The epipelagic zone (0m-200m) is the area where light penetrates the water and photosynthesis occurs. This is also known as the photic zone. Because this typically extends only a few hundred meters below the water, the deep sea, about 90% of the ocean volume, is in darkness. The deep sea is also an extremely hostile environment, with temperatures that rarely exceed 3 °C and fall as low as -1.8 °C (with the exception of hydrothermal vent ecosystems that can exceed 350 °C), low oxygen levels, and pressures between 20 and 1,000 atmospheres (between 2 and 100 megapascals).