Coral reef crisis in deep and shallow reefs: 30 years of
... Although, the direct physical effect of hurricane waves is limited to depths shallower than 10–15 m and coral debris is deposited not much deeper at the slope, fine sediment is transported over larger distances and will be deposited at the reef deeper than 30 m. Sediment rejection mechanisms are not v ...
... Although, the direct physical effect of hurricane waves is limited to depths shallower than 10–15 m and coral debris is deposited not much deeper at the slope, fine sediment is transported over larger distances and will be deposited at the reef deeper than 30 m. Sediment rejection mechanisms are not v ...
Quality Status Report 2000 - QSR 2010
... marine environment and of its development, for the maritime area covered by the Convention. These assessments should also evaluate the effectiveness of measures taken or planned for the protection of the marine environment, and identify priorities for action (Article 6 of and Annex IV to the OSPAR C ...
... marine environment and of its development, for the maritime area covered by the Convention. These assessments should also evaluate the effectiveness of measures taken or planned for the protection of the marine environment, and identify priorities for action (Article 6 of and Annex IV to the OSPAR C ...
deep-water reefs off the southeastern us: recent discoveries and
... extensive damage from apparent shrimp trawling on the Oculina reefs. After trawlers were banned from the Oculina MPA, there was concern that trawlers might move to deeper habitats in search of valuable fisheries, such as royal red shrimp or benthic finfish. Removal by fisheries of apex predators suc ...
... extensive damage from apparent shrimp trawling on the Oculina reefs. After trawlers were banned from the Oculina MPA, there was concern that trawlers might move to deeper habitats in search of valuable fisheries, such as royal red shrimp or benthic finfish. Removal by fisheries of apex predators suc ...
Oceanography 1 Workbook Instructor: Katryn Wiese - FOG
... Community – This class is a community. We all have the same objective: to learn. Learning happens more fully when you have to explain the new things you learn with others, when you discuss the new content with others. To make that happen, be sure to engage with your fellow students and bring with yo ...
... Community – This class is a community. We all have the same objective: to learn. Learning happens more fully when you have to explain the new things you learn with others, when you discuss the new content with others. To make that happen, be sure to engage with your fellow students and bring with yo ...
O ceanography THE OffICIAL MAGAzINE Of THE OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
... Figure 2. A simple model depicting how the interaction between larval biology and currents may affect dispersal among hydrothermal vent communities. Larval physiology, development, and behavior influence the vertical distance above the vent that a larva may travel, as well as the amount of time it s ...
... Figure 2. A simple model depicting how the interaction between larval biology and currents may affect dispersal among hydrothermal vent communities. Larval physiology, development, and behavior influence the vertical distance above the vent that a larva may travel, as well as the amount of time it s ...
Microplastics in the ocean
... Plastics are discarded and enter the ocean as a result of many different land- and sea-based activities, but there are no reliable estimates of the quantities involved, at a regional or global scale. Microplastics are distributed throughout the ocean, occurring on shorelines, in surface waters and s ...
... Plastics are discarded and enter the ocean as a result of many different land- and sea-based activities, but there are no reliable estimates of the quantities involved, at a regional or global scale. Microplastics are distributed throughout the ocean, occurring on shorelines, in surface waters and s ...
01 WGMS - Report of the Working Group on Marine Sediments in
... the standard for marine environmental monitoring, since the water matrix is still proposed as the default monitoring matrix, albeit that alternatives can be proposed if motivated, accepted and agreed upon. EQS-values are not always adopted to the marine environment. MCWG also discussed on a pilot ex ...
... the standard for marine environmental monitoring, since the water matrix is still proposed as the default monitoring matrix, albeit that alternatives can be proposed if motivated, accepted and agreed upon. EQS-values are not always adopted to the marine environment. MCWG also discussed on a pilot ex ...
Evidence for strong sediment redistribution by bottom currents along
... estimates of past changes in Southern Ocean productivity are still uncertain. Indeed, although there is a large choice in the paleoproductivity tools, they lead to ambiguous interpretations originating in the signi"cant uncertainties related to the precise meaning of each tool, and to various proces ...
... estimates of past changes in Southern Ocean productivity are still uncertain. Indeed, although there is a large choice in the paleoproductivity tools, they lead to ambiguous interpretations originating in the signi"cant uncertainties related to the precise meaning of each tool, and to various proces ...
QUESTION: Review
... • Microscopic phytoplankton constitute the base of the marine food chain in the pelagic zone - Algae, protists, and cyanobacteria • These organisms feed zooplankton - Which then feeds fish, jellyfish, whales, etc. • Predators at higher trophic levels include larger fish, sea turtles, sharks, and fis ...
... • Microscopic phytoplankton constitute the base of the marine food chain in the pelagic zone - Algae, protists, and cyanobacteria • These organisms feed zooplankton - Which then feeds fish, jellyfish, whales, etc. • Predators at higher trophic levels include larger fish, sea turtles, sharks, and fis ...
Understanding harmful algae in stratified systems
... great abundance and maturity. Retentive regions can act as incubators for phytoplankton blooms, including HABs, and can favor the establishment of thin layers (Jessup et al., 2009; McManus et al., 2008; Ryan et al., 2010). These locales also provide seed populations for subsequent blooms (Ryan et al ...
... great abundance and maturity. Retentive regions can act as incubators for phytoplankton blooms, including HABs, and can favor the establishment of thin layers (Jessup et al., 2009; McManus et al., 2008; Ryan et al., 2010). These locales also provide seed populations for subsequent blooms (Ryan et al ...
Cenozoic mass extinctions in the deep sea
... Present deep-ocean biota live perpetually in the dark, over most of the present ocean floor at temperatures close to freezing, under high pressures, at constant salinities, and in a world where very little food arrives, mainly derived from surface primary productivity hundreds to thousand of meters ...
... Present deep-ocean biota live perpetually in the dark, over most of the present ocean floor at temperatures close to freezing, under high pressures, at constant salinities, and in a world where very little food arrives, mainly derived from surface primary productivity hundreds to thousand of meters ...
No more detectable fishing effect on Northern Gulf of St Lawrence
... taxa are able to recolonize a towed area, and that the taxa composition will be different after trawling. Only species that are quick colonizers would re-settle quickly on the entire disturbed surface. We also predict that some taxa will be able to restore their biomass on the long term, but only if ...
... taxa are able to recolonize a towed area, and that the taxa composition will be different after trawling. Only species that are quick colonizers would re-settle quickly on the entire disturbed surface. We also predict that some taxa will be able to restore their biomass on the long term, but only if ...
Internal report - The Marine Life Information Network
... with activities that have the potential to modify hydrological energy flows, e.g. Tidal energy generation devices remove (convert) energy and such pressures could be manifested leeward of the device, capital dredging may deepen and widen a channel and therefore decrease the water flow, canalisation ...
... with activities that have the potential to modify hydrological energy flows, e.g. Tidal energy generation devices remove (convert) energy and such pressures could be manifested leeward of the device, capital dredging may deepen and widen a channel and therefore decrease the water flow, canalisation ...
Sensitivity of euphotic zone properties to CDOM variations in marine
... phytoplankton biomass (kp P, where P is the phytoplankton concentration and kp the specific attenuation coefficient), and to other particulate and dissolved matter (Kx ). Bricaud and Stramski (1990) noted that models of primary production could be refined by using archives of geographical observations ...
... phytoplankton biomass (kp P, where P is the phytoplankton concentration and kp the specific attenuation coefficient), and to other particulate and dissolved matter (Kx ). Bricaud and Stramski (1990) noted that models of primary production could be refined by using archives of geographical observations ...
Key Issues on the Commercial Development of Deep Seabed
... infiltrating under the seabed and are turned into hydrothermal water in reaction to high temperatures and pressure by volcanic rocks under the plate rift and spreading center axis which gushing up to the seabed along the rift and spreading center axis. The main components of polymetallic sulfides ar ...
... infiltrating under the seabed and are turned into hydrothermal water in reaction to high temperatures and pressure by volcanic rocks under the plate rift and spreading center axis which gushing up to the seabed along the rift and spreading center axis. The main components of polymetallic sulfides ar ...
Circulation at the western boundary of the South and Equatorial
... Atlantic mainly rests on local studies, most of which used geostrophic computations, and a few were based on direct measurements.2 Although these regional studies progressively build up an ensemble view of the boundary !ow system, their gathering also reveals a scatter of the transport estimates at ...
... Atlantic mainly rests on local studies, most of which used geostrophic computations, and a few were based on direct measurements.2 Although these regional studies progressively build up an ensemble view of the boundary !ow system, their gathering also reveals a scatter of the transport estimates at ...
Circulation at the western boundary of the South and Equatorial
... Atlantic mainly rests on local studies, most of which used geostrophic computations, and a few were based on direct measurements.2 Although these regional studies progressively build up an ensemble view of the boundary ow system, their gathering also reveals a scatter of the transport estimates at ...
... Atlantic mainly rests on local studies, most of which used geostrophic computations, and a few were based on direct measurements.2 Although these regional studies progressively build up an ensemble view of the boundary ow system, their gathering also reveals a scatter of the transport estimates at ...
The Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle
... occurs when the input of excess nutrients into a water body stimulates excessive growth (algal bloom), which then reduces the dissolved oxygen in the water when the organic material decomposes. This reduction in oxygen levels (hypoxia) can result in the death of other organisms in the ecosystem. Ind ...
... occurs when the input of excess nutrients into a water body stimulates excessive growth (algal bloom), which then reduces the dissolved oxygen in the water when the organic material decomposes. This reduction in oxygen levels (hypoxia) can result in the death of other organisms in the ecosystem. Ind ...
Unexpected prevalence of parasite 18S rDNA sequences in winter
... model are thought to be particularly important outside of the productive, and well-studied, spring bloom period (Ducklow et al., 2007). The microbial loop is now known to play an important role in carbon cycling and food web dynamics in the region, with bacterioplankton converting dissolved organic ...
... model are thought to be particularly important outside of the productive, and well-studied, spring bloom period (Ducklow et al., 2007). The microbial loop is now known to play an important role in carbon cycling and food web dynamics in the region, with bacterioplankton converting dissolved organic ...
an exceptional coastal upwelling fish assemblage in the caribbean
... the Orinoco River (Diaz de Gamero, 1996), and the AmazonOrinoco systems (Lundberg et al., 1998). This resulted in progressive oceanographic and environmental changes in the Caribbean during the Tertiary. The paleoecology, diversity, and composition of Caribbean Neogene fish faunal assemblages reveal ...
... the Orinoco River (Diaz de Gamero, 1996), and the AmazonOrinoco systems (Lundberg et al., 1998). This resulted in progressive oceanographic and environmental changes in the Caribbean during the Tertiary. The paleoecology, diversity, and composition of Caribbean Neogene fish faunal assemblages reveal ...
The Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle - Center for Microbial Oceanography
... occurs when the input of excess nutrients into a water body stimulates excessive growth (algal bloom), which then reduces the dissolved oxygen in the water when the organic material decomposes. This reduction in oxygen levels (hypoxia) can result in the death of other organisms in the ecosystem. Ind ...
... occurs when the input of excess nutrients into a water body stimulates excessive growth (algal bloom), which then reduces the dissolved oxygen in the water when the organic material decomposes. This reduction in oxygen levels (hypoxia) can result in the death of other organisms in the ecosystem. Ind ...
The impact of deep-sea fisheries and implementation of the UNGA
... the mortality and injury occurring in the net were having powerful effects even on species that were not ultimately landed. The deep-water environment is generally thermally stable and most deep-sea fish do not normally experience the large fluctuations in water temperature that occur during hauling ...
... the mortality and injury occurring in the net were having powerful effects even on species that were not ultimately landed. The deep-water environment is generally thermally stable and most deep-sea fish do not normally experience the large fluctuations in water temperature that occur during hauling ...
Trace metal composition of suspended particulate matter in
... thickness is due to variability in physical processes, especially mixing associated with cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (Oğuz et al., 2001a,b; Oğuz, 2002). In the southwest corner of the Black Sea the suboxic zone can be absent due to intrusions from the Bosporus Plume (Konovalov et al., 2003). B ...
... thickness is due to variability in physical processes, especially mixing associated with cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (Oğuz et al., 2001a,b; Oğuz, 2002). In the southwest corner of the Black Sea the suboxic zone can be absent due to intrusions from the Bosporus Plume (Konovalov et al., 2003). B ...
Deep sea fish
Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish. Other deep sea fish include the flashlight fish, cookiecutter shark, bristlemouths, anglerfish, and viperfish.Only about 2% of known marine species inhabit the pelagic environment. This means that they live in the water column as opposed to the benthic organisms that live in or on the sea floor. Deep-sea organisms generally inhabit bathypelagic (1000m-4000m deep) and abyssopelagic (4000m-6000m deep) zones. However, characteristics of deep-sea organisms, such as bioluminescence can be seen in the mesopelagic (200m-1000m deep) zone as well. The mesopelagic zone is the disphotic zone, meaning light there is minimal but still measurable. The oxygen minimum layer exists somewhere between a depth of 700m and 1000m deep depending on the place in the ocean. This area is also where nutrients are most abundant. The bathypelagic and abyssopelagic zones are aphotic, meaning that no light penetrates this area of the ocean. These zones make up about 75% of the inhabitable ocean space.The epipelagic zone (0m-200m) is the area where light penetrates the water and photosynthesis occurs. This is also known as the photic zone. Because this typically extends only a few hundred meters below the water, the deep sea, about 90% of the ocean volume, is in darkness. The deep sea is also an extremely hostile environment, with temperatures that rarely exceed 3 °C and fall as low as -1.8 °C (with the exception of hydrothermal vent ecosystems that can exceed 350 °C), low oxygen levels, and pressures between 20 and 1,000 atmospheres (between 2 and 100 megapascals).