Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol
... 2.2. Apparatus and stimuli The stimuli were presented on a Macintosh computer. There were four locations on the screen where the target Žo. or the distractor Žq. could appear. The four positions were placed on the corners of an imaginary square. The visual angle between the horizontal or the vertica ...
... 2.2. Apparatus and stimuli The stimuli were presented on a Macintosh computer. There were four locations on the screen where the target Žo. or the distractor Žq. could appear. The four positions were placed on the corners of an imaginary square. The visual angle between the horizontal or the vertica ...
ATTENTIONAL CONTROL AND ASYMMETRIC PRIMING by Shelly Janine Winward
... In contrast, retrospective semantic matching does not require participants to maintain expected targets in memory, but rather, involves a memory search following target onset. Thus, participants may rely on a semantic matching strategy because it does not require continual effort and is less demandi ...
... In contrast, retrospective semantic matching does not require participants to maintain expected targets in memory, but rather, involves a memory search following target onset. Thus, participants may rely on a semantic matching strategy because it does not require continual effort and is less demandi ...
Specific Visual Transfer in Word Identification
... training phase. The results of these experiments provide evidence that visual details are likely to be remembered and influence transfer when those details produce distinctive configurations and are encountered in areas in which people have little expertise, circumstances that encourage extensive pr ...
... training phase. The results of these experiments provide evidence that visual details are likely to be remembered and influence transfer when those details produce distinctive configurations and are encountered in areas in which people have little expertise, circumstances that encourage extensive pr ...
Reading therapy strengthens top–down
... There have been many case studies of rehabilitation in pure alexia (Moyer, 1979; Tuomainen and Laine, 1991; Daniel et al., 1992; Arguin and Bub, 1994; Lott et al., 1994, 2010; Behrmann and McLeod, 1995; Seki et al., 1995; Beeson, 1998; Maher et al., 1998; Rothi et al., 1998; Friedman and Lott, 2000; ...
... There have been many case studies of rehabilitation in pure alexia (Moyer, 1979; Tuomainen and Laine, 1991; Daniel et al., 1992; Arguin and Bub, 1994; Lott et al., 1994, 2010; Behrmann and McLeod, 1995; Seki et al., 1995; Beeson, 1998; Maher et al., 1998; Rothi et al., 1998; Friedman and Lott, 2000; ...
Visually Induced Ocular Torsion
... visual scene enriched with spatial clues important for maintaining posture was found to induce significantly more torsion compared to a scene without spatial clues. The degree of stimuli tilt had no significant effect, nor the stimuli periphery. In the second study, torsional response was shown to d ...
... visual scene enriched with spatial clues important for maintaining posture was found to induce significantly more torsion compared to a scene without spatial clues. The degree of stimuli tilt had no significant effect, nor the stimuli periphery. In the second study, torsional response was shown to d ...
Neural coding of behavioral relevance in parietal cortex
... effects of attention Spatial attention confers a variety of behavioral advantages, such as decreased reaction time in visual detection tasks [24–26]. A challenging issue has been to understand how attentional modulation of neural activity could give rise to the behavioral effects of attention. Cook ...
... effects of attention Spatial attention confers a variety of behavioral advantages, such as decreased reaction time in visual detection tasks [24–26]. A challenging issue has been to understand how attentional modulation of neural activity could give rise to the behavioral effects of attention. Cook ...
Responses to Rare Visual Target and Distractor Stimuli Using Event
... significant trend in distractor response amplitude across successive distractor repetitions. ¦Z¦ ⬎ 4.0; ROI, P ⬍ 0.005. D: medial frontal gyrus ROI for successive distractor repetitions. ¦Z¦ ⬎ 4.0; ROI, P ⬍ 0.005. Plotted in sagittal, coronal, and axial orientations. E: superior frontal gyrus ROI fo ...
... significant trend in distractor response amplitude across successive distractor repetitions. ¦Z¦ ⬎ 4.0; ROI, P ⬍ 0.005. D: medial frontal gyrus ROI for successive distractor repetitions. ¦Z¦ ⬎ 4.0; ROI, P ⬍ 0.005. Plotted in sagittal, coronal, and axial orientations. E: superior frontal gyrus ROI fo ...
Knowledge, Performance, and Task: Décalage and Dynamics in Young Children’s
... 1999), may not be appropriate for all nominal categories, however. For instance, it is not clear that children should attend to shape when naming things made from deformable materials such as paper, blankets and towels because, while these typically have characteristic shapes, they are organized int ...
... 1999), may not be appropriate for all nominal categories, however. For instance, it is not clear that children should attend to shape when naming things made from deformable materials such as paper, blankets and towels because, while these typically have characteristic shapes, they are organized int ...
Multimodal functional and structural neuroimaging investigation of major depressive
... Background: Longitudinal neuroimaging studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) have most commonly assessed the effects of antidepressants from the serotonin reuptake inhibitor class and usually reporting a single measure. Multimodal neuroimaging assessments were acquired from MDD patients during a ...
... Background: Longitudinal neuroimaging studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) have most commonly assessed the effects of antidepressants from the serotonin reuptake inhibitor class and usually reporting a single measure. Multimodal neuroimaging assessments were acquired from MDD patients during a ...
Almost Reason Enough for Having Eyes
... creatures with dichromatic color vision. Wavelengths in which the relative absorption by the S cones is highest are shown as appearing blue to the animal (by analogy to the human blue-yellow system) and wavelengths in which the relative absorption by the other cone type (L in the dog) is highest are ...
... creatures with dichromatic color vision. Wavelengths in which the relative absorption by the S cones is highest are shown as appearing blue to the animal (by analogy to the human blue-yellow system) and wavelengths in which the relative absorption by the other cone type (L in the dog) is highest are ...
Divided attention reduces resistance to distraction at encoding but
... Older but not younger adults have been shown to transfer knowledge of previous distraction to new tasks. The presumed mechanism for these transfer effects is reduced attentional control, potentially resulting from an inhibitory deficit that is characteristic of older adults (Hasher & Zacks, 1988), b ...
... Older but not younger adults have been shown to transfer knowledge of previous distraction to new tasks. The presumed mechanism for these transfer effects is reduced attentional control, potentially resulting from an inhibitory deficit that is characteristic of older adults (Hasher & Zacks, 1988), b ...
color vision - UCSD Psychology
... are not only distinct in their functional and chromatic properties, but also project from retina to visual cortex via three mostly independent anatomical pathways. First, cells in the magnocellular (M-) layers of the LGN receive input from retinal M-cells (not to be confused with the M-cones), which ...
... are not only distinct in their functional and chromatic properties, but also project from retina to visual cortex via three mostly independent anatomical pathways. First, cells in the magnocellular (M-) layers of the LGN receive input from retinal M-cells (not to be confused with the M-cones), which ...
A PDP Model for Capturing N400 Effects in Early L2... Word Reading Tasks
... characteristics: neurons can either be excitatory or inhibitory, but not both, and inhibitory connections can only occur within layers, but not between (as the range of inhibitory connections in the brain is shorter than that of excitatory connections). Given these two constraints, the model generat ...
... characteristics: neurons can either be excitatory or inhibitory, but not both, and inhibitory connections can only occur within layers, but not between (as the range of inhibitory connections in the brain is shorter than that of excitatory connections). Given these two constraints, the model generat ...
Dual Processes Mediate Discrimination and Generalization in Humans
... cognitive strategy. However, it could still be claimed that in situations where rule-based learning is restricted, one should observe a pattern of behavior based on elementary associative processes. Evidence in support of this view comes from two-choice discrimination experiments where attempts have ...
... cognitive strategy. However, it could still be claimed that in situations where rule-based learning is restricted, one should observe a pattern of behavior based on elementary associative processes. Evidence in support of this view comes from two-choice discrimination experiments where attempts have ...
PDF
... primary visual cortex (V1) of dichromatic mammals is relatively unknown compared to the trichromatic primates. In this study, we investigated the functional organization of color processing in mouse V1. The mouse retina has a graded expression pattern of two opsins along its dorsoventral axis. Howev ...
... primary visual cortex (V1) of dichromatic mammals is relatively unknown compared to the trichromatic primates. In this study, we investigated the functional organization of color processing in mouse V1. The mouse retina has a graded expression pattern of two opsins along its dorsoventral axis. Howev ...
Slide 1
... May be that attentional mechanisms can modulate the responses of MT neurons more effectively with reference to a combination of direction and space (Treue and Maunsell) than to space alone (this study) • Feature-based attentional mechanisms (direction of motion as feature) may contribute to the a ...
... May be that attentional mechanisms can modulate the responses of MT neurons more effectively with reference to a combination of direction and space (Treue and Maunsell) than to space alone (this study) • Feature-based attentional mechanisms (direction of motion as feature) may contribute to the a ...
Is anterior cingulate cortex necessary for cognitive control?Brain, 128
... experienced in image analysis, using MRIcro software (Rorden and Brett, 2000). MRIcro software was also used to generate the lesion overlap images. ...
... experienced in image analysis, using MRIcro software (Rorden and Brett, 2000). MRIcro software was also used to generate the lesion overlap images. ...
Report
... systems can be found in birds, many of which are tetrachromatic, including jungle fowls (Osorio et al., 1999; Kelber et al., 2003). Some birds, notably pigeons, have been hypothesized to enjoy pentachromacy (Palacios and Varela, 1992; Thompson et al., 1992) which was also reported in butterflies (Ar ...
... systems can be found in birds, many of which are tetrachromatic, including jungle fowls (Osorio et al., 1999; Kelber et al., 2003). Some birds, notably pigeons, have been hypothesized to enjoy pentachromacy (Palacios and Varela, 1992; Thompson et al., 1992) which was also reported in butterflies (Ar ...
BioCapture™ : Acquiring EEG data Quick Notes
... lectroencephalography (EEG) is a recording used to measure the synaptic electrical activity of the brain. The BioCapture system uses electrodes on the scalp and forehead to monitor the average behavior of millions of brain cells or neurons. There are several practiced ways of acquiring an EEG signal ...
... lectroencephalography (EEG) is a recording used to measure the synaptic electrical activity of the brain. The BioCapture system uses electrodes on the scalp and forehead to monitor the average behavior of millions of brain cells or neurons. There are several practiced ways of acquiring an EEG signal ...
Vision - HallquistCPHS.com
... the stimulus energy is transmitted through the eye and interpreted in the brain. It also covers problems in acuity. The module concludes with a discussion of the major theories proposed to explain color vision. In this module there are many terms to learn. Many of the terms are related to the struct ...
... the stimulus energy is transmitted through the eye and interpreted in the brain. It also covers problems in acuity. The module concludes with a discussion of the major theories proposed to explain color vision. In this module there are many terms to learn. Many of the terms are related to the struct ...
Processing Semantic Ambiguity: Different Loci for Meanings and Senses
... Related meanings on the other hand have semantic representations that are located close to each other in semantic space. In fact, most of these representations are overlapping, and have developed broad attractor basins. This means that for a word with many senses there is a large area of semantic s ...
... Related meanings on the other hand have semantic representations that are located close to each other in semantic space. In fact, most of these representations are overlapping, and have developed broad attractor basins. This means that for a word with many senses there is a large area of semantic s ...
Finding a face in the crowd: parallel and serial neural mechanisms
... stimulus outside the RF. More specifically, the response to an unselected RF stimulus with the neuron’s preferred or nonpreferred color was compared on trials during which the cue was of the preferred or nonpreferred color for the neuron (Fig. 2A). When a stimulus of the preferred color was in the RF ...
... stimulus outside the RF. More specifically, the response to an unselected RF stimulus with the neuron’s preferred or nonpreferred color was compared on trials during which the cue was of the preferred or nonpreferred color for the neuron (Fig. 2A). When a stimulus of the preferred color was in the RF ...
Modeling the Visual Word Form Area Using a Deep Convolutional
... 9500 Gilman Dr 0404, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Abstract The visual word form area (VWFA) is a region of the cortex located in the left fusiform gyrus, that appears to be a waystation in the reading pathway. The discovery of the VWFA occurred in the late twentieth century with the advancement of functio ...
... 9500 Gilman Dr 0404, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Abstract The visual word form area (VWFA) is a region of the cortex located in the left fusiform gyrus, that appears to be a waystation in the reading pathway. The discovery of the VWFA occurred in the late twentieth century with the advancement of functio ...
Activation of phonological codes during reading: Evidence
... has been taken as evidence for phonology playing an early and dominant role in accessing word meanings. In addition, a number of recent eye movement studies are consistent with the idea that phonological codes are used early in identifying a word during reading. Inhoff & Topolski (1994) examined fix ...
... has been taken as evidence for phonology playing an early and dominant role in accessing word meanings. In addition, a number of recent eye movement studies are consistent with the idea that phonological codes are used early in identifying a word during reading. Inhoff & Topolski (1994) examined fix ...
Does Deeper Processing Lead to a Better Recall Result?
... a phrase or a sentence is very important for remembering the words. Therefore, we add one written task for semantic processing task to examine whether writing down a sentence would influence the recall results. To reduce the wordlength effect, and to examine if there would be a modality effect, the ...
... a phrase or a sentence is very important for remembering the words. Therefore, we add one written task for semantic processing task to examine whether writing down a sentence would influence the recall results. To reduce the wordlength effect, and to examine if there would be a modality effect, the ...
Stroop effect
In psychology, the Stroop effect is a demonstration of interference in the reaction time of a task. When the name of a color (e.g., ""blue"", ""green"", or ""red"") is printed in a color not denoted by the name (e.g., the word ""red"" printed in blue ink instead of red ink), naming the color of the word takes longer and is more prone to errors than when the color of the ink matches the name of the color. The effect is named after John Ridley Stroop, who first published the effect in English in 1935. The effect had previously been published in Germany in 1929. The original paper has been one of the most cited papers in the history of experimental psychology, leading to more than 701 replications. The effect has been used to create a psychological test (Stroop test) that is widely used in clinical practice and investigation.