a higher-order conditioning experiment
... Results: Data showed that the geometrical figure that was paired with smoking stimuli elicited significantly larger P2 and P3 waves than the geometrical figure that was paired with neutral stimuli. During the first half of the experiment this effect was only present in smokers whereas non-smokers di ...
... Results: Data showed that the geometrical figure that was paired with smoking stimuli elicited significantly larger P2 and P3 waves than the geometrical figure that was paired with neutral stimuli. During the first half of the experiment this effect was only present in smokers whereas non-smokers di ...
Seana Coulson, Jonathan W. King and Marta Kutas
... Although the positive-going component did not have a peak, it was labelled the P600 because its midpoint was about 600 msec after word onset. Other investigators have since reported late positivities in the ERP which are sensitive to the well-formedness of linguistic stimuli. In particular, Hagoort ...
... Although the positive-going component did not have a peak, it was labelled the P600 because its midpoint was about 600 msec after word onset. Other investigators have since reported late positivities in the ERP which are sensitive to the well-formedness of linguistic stimuli. In particular, Hagoort ...
An Integrative Theory on Prefrontal Cortex Function
... functions of either selective attention, behavioral inhibition, working memory, or rule-based or goal-directed behavior. In this article, we argue that all these functions depend on the representation of goals and rules in the form of patterns of activity in the PFC, which configure processing in ot ...
... functions of either selective attention, behavioral inhibition, working memory, or rule-based or goal-directed behavior. In this article, we argue that all these functions depend on the representation of goals and rules in the form of patterns of activity in the PFC, which configure processing in ot ...
Recalling taboo and nontaboo words
... to enhance memories for negative nonarousing words. If a divided attention task overburdens attentional resources used for elaboration, then negative nonarousing words no longer evidence memory enhancement. In contrast, arousing words, which use the amygdalar network, do not suffer from a divided at ...
... to enhance memories for negative nonarousing words. If a divided attention task overburdens attentional resources used for elaboration, then negative nonarousing words no longer evidence memory enhancement. In contrast, arousing words, which use the amygdalar network, do not suffer from a divided at ...
Document
... inserted between fixation offset and target onset. In the distractor paradigm, a distractor is shown at central fixation at the time of target onset. Consistent with the idea that the distractor effect originates in the superior colliculus, it has been demonstrated that isoluminant blue stimuli do n ...
... inserted between fixation offset and target onset. In the distractor paradigm, a distractor is shown at central fixation at the time of target onset. Consistent with the idea that the distractor effect originates in the superior colliculus, it has been demonstrated that isoluminant blue stimuli do n ...
Representation of Umami Taste in the Human Brain
... the experiment were ⫺0.75 ⫾ 0.38 for IMP (mean ⫾ SE), 0.46 ⫾ 0.36 for MSG, 0.92 ⫾ 0.35 for MSG⫹IMP (MSGIMP), and 1.5 ⫾ 0.50 for glucose. Statistically it was shown that the intensity of the taste of umami produced by the mixture of MSG and IMP was greater than that produced by the MSG alone (even if ...
... the experiment were ⫺0.75 ⫾ 0.38 for IMP (mean ⫾ SE), 0.46 ⫾ 0.36 for MSG, 0.92 ⫾ 0.35 for MSG⫹IMP (MSGIMP), and 1.5 ⫾ 0.50 for glucose. Statistically it was shown that the intensity of the taste of umami produced by the mixture of MSG and IMP was greater than that produced by the MSG alone (even if ...
a full bladder is sometimes a boon
... and affective responses has a common origin in the same neurological areas. A by-product of this inhibitory network is that inhibitory signals intentionally directed towards one response, unintentionally spill over to unrelated domains, resulting in increasing inhibitory signals in these domains as ...
... and affective responses has a common origin in the same neurological areas. A by-product of this inhibitory network is that inhibitory signals intentionally directed towards one response, unintentionally spill over to unrelated domains, resulting in increasing inhibitory signals in these domains as ...
Neurophysiology of synesthesia. - Hal-CEA
... space such as a three-dimensional view of a year as a map [5-7]. “Colored hearing” which includes auditory word → color and music → color synesthesia [8-10] involve linkages that are truly cross-modal, and are often considered the paradigmatic examples of synesthesia, despite being less common than ...
... space such as a three-dimensional view of a year as a map [5-7]. “Colored hearing” which includes auditory word → color and music → color synesthesia [8-10] involve linkages that are truly cross-modal, and are often considered the paradigmatic examples of synesthesia, despite being less common than ...
A Subjective Distance Between Stimuli: Quantifying the Metric
... definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 i ...
... definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 i ...
Affect and action - Bernhard Hommel`s Website
... be enabled by the current task goal. As indicated earlier, one may argue that the stimulus material used up to now does not provide a fair test of the automaticity hypothesis, but there are a number of preliminary indications that the fast route from affect to action is modulated by goals. A good ex ...
... be enabled by the current task goal. As indicated earlier, one may argue that the stimulus material used up to now does not provide a fair test of the automaticity hypothesis, but there are a number of preliminary indications that the fast route from affect to action is modulated by goals. A good ex ...
Individual differences in working memory capacity and divided
... Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey The controlled attention theory of working memory suggests that individuals with greater working memory capacity (WMC) are better able to control or focus their attention than individuals with lesser WMC. This relationship has been observed in a number of ...
... Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey The controlled attention theory of working memory suggests that individuals with greater working memory capacity (WMC) are better able to control or focus their attention than individuals with lesser WMC. This relationship has been observed in a number of ...
This article was originally published in the
... reflect the consequences of an action rather than its planning or initiation. Moreover, since the ERN is generated independently of the modality of the motor response, it likely reflects abstract cognitive processing rather than movement-specific computations. Subsequent studies have shown that an E ...
... reflect the consequences of an action rather than its planning or initiation. Moreover, since the ERN is generated independently of the modality of the motor response, it likely reflects abstract cognitive processing rather than movement-specific computations. Subsequent studies have shown that an E ...
Symmetrical hemispheric priming in spatial neglect: A
... primes, foils and backward masks were all centered at 2.7 left or right of the fixation, whereas their overall visual length was 2.5 . Each target, subtending with a visual angle of 4.7 , was displayed for 1200 msec on the center of the screen. Each target was presented eight times throughout the ...
... primes, foils and backward masks were all centered at 2.7 left or right of the fixation, whereas their overall visual length was 2.5 . Each target, subtending with a visual angle of 4.7 , was displayed for 1200 msec on the center of the screen. Each target was presented eight times throughout the ...
Warm pleasant feelings in the brain
... mechanisms of emotion and indeed of decision-making (Cabanac, 2002; Rolls, 1999, 2005, 2008b). The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigation was to determine whether there are special brain areas that process and make explicit in the representation the affective attribut ...
... mechanisms of emotion and indeed of decision-making (Cabanac, 2002; Rolls, 1999, 2005, 2008b). The aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigation was to determine whether there are special brain areas that process and make explicit in the representation the affective attribut ...
Subgraphs of functional brain networks identify dynamical
... responses. Current theory suggests that cooperative and competitive interactions between brain areas may mediate processes of network reorganization that support transitions between dynamical states. In this study, we used a quantitative approach to identify distinct topological states of functional ...
... responses. Current theory suggests that cooperative and competitive interactions between brain areas may mediate processes of network reorganization that support transitions between dynamical states. In this study, we used a quantitative approach to identify distinct topological states of functional ...
Modulation of early cortical processing during divided attention to
... experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent and received a modest fee. Experimental stimuli and paradigm The stimulus con ...
... experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided written informed consent and received a modest fee. Experimental stimuli and paradigm The stimulus con ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... in which they are written. To perform this task, subjects must selectively attend to one attribute. This is especially so when naming the color of a conflict stimulus (e.g., the word GREEN displayed in red), because there is a strong prepotent tendency to read the word (“green”) which competes with ...
... in which they are written. To perform this task, subjects must selectively attend to one attribute. This is especially so when naming the color of a conflict stimulus (e.g., the word GREEN displayed in red), because there is a strong prepotent tendency to read the word (“green”) which competes with ...
Dissociable Functions in the Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex
... circumstances in which a particular region will be activated. However, for the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the situation is far less clear cut. It is a region that has been activated, and indeed deactivated, in disparate paradigms, suggesting that diverse functions may be subsumed. In this review, w ...
... circumstances in which a particular region will be activated. However, for the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), the situation is far less clear cut. It is a region that has been activated, and indeed deactivated, in disparate paradigms, suggesting that diverse functions may be subsumed. In this review, w ...
Vocabulary Acquisition to Long
... The origins of word association theory are commenced with the word association theory given by John Broadus Watson (1878–1958), an American Psychologist, the theory’s two key claims are; the relationship of sounds and words recognition and the second is relationship of words with their associated me ...
... The origins of word association theory are commenced with the word association theory given by John Broadus Watson (1878–1958), an American Psychologist, the theory’s two key claims are; the relationship of sounds and words recognition and the second is relationship of words with their associated me ...
The Effects of Aging and Divided Attention on Memory for Item and
... participate in either the full- or divided-attention condition, such that 32 students participated in each condition. Thirty-two older adults (19 women and 13 men, mean age ⫽ 70.3 years, mean number of years of education ⫽ 14.3) also participated in the study and were paid $10 (Canadian funds; appro ...
... participate in either the full- or divided-attention condition, such that 32 students participated in each condition. Thirty-two older adults (19 women and 13 men, mean age ⫽ 70.3 years, mean number of years of education ⫽ 14.3) also participated in the study and were paid $10 (Canadian funds; appro ...
Prefrontal and parietal cortex mediate the interference
... anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent (BOLD) signal in the primary visual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), supplementary motor area (SMA), right middle frontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis in humans [4,5]. It has also ...
... anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent (BOLD) signal in the primary visual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), supplementary motor area (SMA), right middle frontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis in humans [4,5]. It has also ...
PRIMING EFFECTS IN A LETTER-BY
... (W.L.P.) who, despite impaired semantic processing of words was nevertheless able to read aloud both regular and irregular words. The fact that W.L.P. could read irregular words (e.g. cough, blood) in the absence of comprehension is particularly important, because it indicates that she was able to g ...
... (W.L.P.) who, despite impaired semantic processing of words was nevertheless able to read aloud both regular and irregular words. The fact that W.L.P. could read irregular words (e.g. cough, blood) in the absence of comprehension is particularly important, because it indicates that she was able to g ...
Hedonic Hotspots Regulate Cingulate-driven
... All trials were presented against a black background (1024 × 768 pix). Each mini-block started with a funny or neutral cartoons (500 × 500 pix; presented in a quasi-random order) for 6 s. Each cartoon was only presented once during the task. Following each cartoon, a fixation cross ( jittered duratio ...
... All trials were presented against a black background (1024 × 768 pix). Each mini-block started with a funny or neutral cartoons (500 × 500 pix; presented in a quasi-random order) for 6 s. Each cartoon was only presented once during the task. Following each cartoon, a fixation cross ( jittered duratio ...
Can the negative deflections found with EEG on frontocentral
... Electroencephalography (EEG) is an non-invasive method to measure brain activity in healthy subjects. By measuring the electric field on the subjects scalp, researchers are trying to identify different processes, brain states, brain oscillations or find markers of mental diseases. An event-related p ...
... Electroencephalography (EEG) is an non-invasive method to measure brain activity in healthy subjects. By measuring the electric field on the subjects scalp, researchers are trying to identify different processes, brain states, brain oscillations or find markers of mental diseases. An event-related p ...
Stroop effect
In psychology, the Stroop effect is a demonstration of interference in the reaction time of a task. When the name of a color (e.g., ""blue"", ""green"", or ""red"") is printed in a color not denoted by the name (e.g., the word ""red"" printed in blue ink instead of red ink), naming the color of the word takes longer and is more prone to errors than when the color of the ink matches the name of the color. The effect is named after John Ridley Stroop, who first published the effect in English in 1935. The effect had previously been published in Germany in 1929. The original paper has been one of the most cited papers in the history of experimental psychology, leading to more than 701 replications. The effect has been used to create a psychological test (Stroop test) that is widely used in clinical practice and investigation.