Activity of Neurons in Anterior Inferior Temporal Cortex during a
... retention interval, during which no visual stimuli are presented. Outside the laboratory, however, memories frequently must be retained while new information is being processed. It is not understood how IT neurons can participate in memory storage during times when they are concurrently responding t ...
... retention interval, during which no visual stimuli are presented. Outside the laboratory, however, memories frequently must be retained while new information is being processed. It is not understood how IT neurons can participate in memory storage during times when they are concurrently responding t ...
Effects of Age and a Divided Attention Task Presented During
... elderly on the detection task. This finding does provide support for the notion that older subjects find retrieval somewhat more effortful than young adults, but because of the low demands of the retrieval task, does not provide a clear assessment of the effects of divided attention on recall. In a ...
... elderly on the detection task. This finding does provide support for the notion that older subjects find retrieval somewhat more effortful than young adults, but because of the low demands of the retrieval task, does not provide a clear assessment of the effects of divided attention on recall. In a ...
Sensitivity of Prefrontal Cortex to Changes in Target Probability: A
... responses as in the go/no-go task [Kawashima et al., 1996; Casey et al., 1997; Konishi et al., 1999]. Few imaging studies have examined the effects of manipulating target probability on these presumed prefrontal functions. One example of such an attempt is a recent study by McCarthy and colleagues [ ...
... responses as in the go/no-go task [Kawashima et al., 1996; Casey et al., 1997; Konishi et al., 1999]. Few imaging studies have examined the effects of manipulating target probability on these presumed prefrontal functions. One example of such an attempt is a recent study by McCarthy and colleagues [ ...
Selective amplification of the S
... et al., 1999), subjects continuously performed a two-interval forcedchoice contrast-discrimination task, in which a given presentation consisted of two intervals, both displaying stimuli from the same condition but with a small near-threshold contrast difference between them. The subject indicated w ...
... et al., 1999), subjects continuously performed a two-interval forcedchoice contrast-discrimination task, in which a given presentation consisted of two intervals, both displaying stimuli from the same condition but with a small near-threshold contrast difference between them. The subject indicated w ...
Lorazepam dose-dependently decreases risk-taking
... risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to the experienced outcome: (1) selecting a risky response (40 or 80), which resulted in reward; and (2) selecting a risky response, which resulted in punishment (−40 or −80). These regressors ...
... risk-taking behavior with gains and losses, respectively, were used to evaluate the neural systems response to the experienced outcome: (1) selecting a risky response (40 or 80), which resulted in reward; and (2) selecting a risky response, which resulted in punishment (−40 or −80). These regressors ...
5655.full - Journal of Neuroscience
... Emotions can be aroused by various kinds of stimulus modalities. Recent neuroimaging studies indicate that several brain regions represent emotions at an abstract level, i.e., independently from the sensory cues from which they are perceived (e.g., face, body, or voice stimuli). If emotions are inde ...
... Emotions can be aroused by various kinds of stimulus modalities. Recent neuroimaging studies indicate that several brain regions represent emotions at an abstract level, i.e., independently from the sensory cues from which they are perceived (e.g., face, body, or voice stimuli). If emotions are inde ...
Color responses of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: selective
... et al., 1999), subjects continuously performed a two-interval forcedchoice contrast-discrimination task, in which a given presentation consisted of two intervals, both displaying stimuli from the same condition but with a small near-threshold contrast difference between them. The subject indicated w ...
... et al., 1999), subjects continuously performed a two-interval forcedchoice contrast-discrimination task, in which a given presentation consisted of two intervals, both displaying stimuli from the same condition but with a small near-threshold contrast difference between them. The subject indicated w ...
www.rmwillems.nl
... Therefore, understanding language often implies combining streams of information from different modalities. For instance, consider a biology teacher describing the properties of an animal while at the same time showing a slide with a picture of the animal. In such a case, auditory and visual informa ...
... Therefore, understanding language often implies combining streams of information from different modalities. For instance, consider a biology teacher describing the properties of an animal while at the same time showing a slide with a picture of the animal. In such a case, auditory and visual informa ...
Differential recall of derived and inflected word forms in working
... factors in LTM (Tehan and Humphreys, 1988; Hulme et al., 1991). Lexical representations are thought to provide a means of patching up partly damaged, or incorrectly encoded, representations at recall. In Baddeley’s (2000) framework, the more recently introduced episodic buffer component is responsib ...
... factors in LTM (Tehan and Humphreys, 1988; Hulme et al., 1991). Lexical representations are thought to provide a means of patching up partly damaged, or incorrectly encoded, representations at recall. In Baddeley’s (2000) framework, the more recently introduced episodic buffer component is responsib ...
PET Imaging of Differential Cortical Activation to
... classical regions have also been identified for speech processing (Peterson & Fiez, 1993; Binder et al., 1997). Based on several recent imaging studies in speech processing, a widely distributed neural network has been hypothesized that links frontal and temporo-parietal language regions (for review ...
... classical regions have also been identified for speech processing (Peterson & Fiez, 1993; Binder et al., 1997). Based on several recent imaging studies in speech processing, a widely distributed neural network has been hypothesized that links frontal and temporo-parietal language regions (for review ...
Callous–Unemotional Traits, Impulsivity, and Emotional Processing
... there was no difference between the ratings of psychopathic and nonpsychopathic participants. The distinction between performance on the lexical decision task and self-report ratings of emotional responsiveness can be explained by a distinction between automatic versus effortful appraisal processes. ...
... there was no difference between the ratings of psychopathic and nonpsychopathic participants. The distinction between performance on the lexical decision task and self-report ratings of emotional responsiveness can be explained by a distinction between automatic versus effortful appraisal processes. ...
Can the meaning of multiple words be integrated unconsciously?
... Mounting evidence suggests that unconscious cognition is very powerful. Brainimaging studies have revealed subliminal information processing in many different brain areas, from low-level perceptual regions up to ‘executive’ areas in the prefrontal cortex [1,2]. To illustrate, recently, we have teste ...
... Mounting evidence suggests that unconscious cognition is very powerful. Brainimaging studies have revealed subliminal information processing in many different brain areas, from low-level perceptual regions up to ‘executive’ areas in the prefrontal cortex [1,2]. To illustrate, recently, we have teste ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... within which to study rule-based behaviors. In addition, the role of the parietal cortex is unclear. Although it is a component of the ‘‘global workspace’’ (Dehaene et al. 1998), hierarchical models have often overlooked it. This is not a necessary limitation and one might predict parallel hierarchi ...
... within which to study rule-based behaviors. In addition, the role of the parietal cortex is unclear. Although it is a component of the ‘‘global workspace’’ (Dehaene et al. 1998), hierarchical models have often overlooked it. This is not a necessary limitation and one might predict parallel hierarchi ...
Reciprocal Connectivity of Identified Color
... AIT color area (AITC) in this paper. Neuronal properties of the color-selective cells in this region were examined in detail. It has been shown that these cells can change their activity depending on the tasks monkeys are performing (Koida and Komatsu 2007) and that the activity of these cells and t ...
... AIT color area (AITC) in this paper. Neuronal properties of the color-selective cells in this region were examined in detail. It has been shown that these cells can change their activity depending on the tasks monkeys are performing (Koida and Komatsu 2007) and that the activity of these cells and t ...
Do distractors interfere with memory for study pairs in associative
... repeatedly perform a recognition test patterned as indicated in Table 1, do rearranged pairs influence the accuracy and the speed of responses to the intact pairs? Assuming a positive response, a second question was, Is this effect limited to or, at least, particularly marked for those of the distra ...
... repeatedly perform a recognition test patterned as indicated in Table 1, do rearranged pairs influence the accuracy and the speed of responses to the intact pairs? Assuming a positive response, a second question was, Is this effect limited to or, at least, particularly marked for those of the distra ...
Between-Task Competition and Cognitive Control in Task Switching
... Cognitive control is required to guide thought and action in accordance with current goals and intentions (Norman and Shallice, 1986; Desimone and Duncan, 1995; Miller and Cohen, 2001). This control is particularly important when multiple tasks are possible and behavioral demands are continually shi ...
... Cognitive control is required to guide thought and action in accordance with current goals and intentions (Norman and Shallice, 1986; Desimone and Duncan, 1995; Miller and Cohen, 2001). This control is particularly important when multiple tasks are possible and behavioral demands are continually shi ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
... temporal sulcus and the inferior temporal gyrus of macaque monkeys respond to faces. These neurons provided a consistently identifiable substrate with which studies of the storage of visual information were performed. To determine whether face responsive neurons change how much they respond to diffe ...
... temporal sulcus and the inferior temporal gyrus of macaque monkeys respond to faces. These neurons provided a consistently identifiable substrate with which studies of the storage of visual information were performed. To determine whether face responsive neurons change how much they respond to diffe ...
Direct comparison of the neural substrates of
... process for retrieving information. It has been shown to vary depending on the retention interval between the initial exposure to the stimulus and its recognition (McIntosh et al., 1996) and on the level of familiarity, reflecting the degree to which the stimulus was learned before recognition (Raic ...
... process for retrieving information. It has been shown to vary depending on the retention interval between the initial exposure to the stimulus and its recognition (McIntosh et al., 1996) and on the level of familiarity, reflecting the degree to which the stimulus was learned before recognition (Raic ...
Synchronous Oscillatory Neural Ensembles for Rules in the
... A critical cognitive ability is the flexibility to change one’s behavior based on context. Day-to-day life is full of such situations. For example, one often answers their phone when it rings but mutes it in a lecture. These context-dependent stimulus-response mappings are called “rules”. By allowin ...
... A critical cognitive ability is the flexibility to change one’s behavior based on context. Day-to-day life is full of such situations. For example, one often answers their phone when it rings but mutes it in a lecture. These context-dependent stimulus-response mappings are called “rules”. By allowin ...
Electrophysiological evidence for a natural/artifactual dissociation
... stimuli were associated with less negativity in the occipitotemporal and centro-parietal locations of the right hemisphere, whereas artifactual stimuli led to diminished N400 in the frontal area of the left hemisphere. He concluded that these domains are processed, at least partially, in different a ...
... stimuli were associated with less negativity in the occipitotemporal and centro-parietal locations of the right hemisphere, whereas artifactual stimuli led to diminished N400 in the frontal area of the left hemisphere. He concluded that these domains are processed, at least partially, in different a ...
pdf - Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center
... increased relative to the Go stimulus. Similarly, interpretation of the findings of Braver et al (2001), who also employed a task in which Go and NoGo trials were equally probable, is complicated by the inclusion of multiple Go stimulus variants (i.e., any letter that was not an ‘X’) versus only a s ...
... increased relative to the Go stimulus. Similarly, interpretation of the findings of Braver et al (2001), who also employed a task in which Go and NoGo trials were equally probable, is complicated by the inclusion of multiple Go stimulus variants (i.e., any letter that was not an ‘X’) versus only a s ...
The behavioral domains of attention, memory, and language
... participants found the static-like white noise sound annoying and it actually became an incentive to hurry and make a selection so that the noise would stop. Resource allocation theory would suggest that the participants decided the ambient words were not important and therefore did not allocate any ...
... participants found the static-like white noise sound annoying and it actually became an incentive to hurry and make a selection so that the noise would stop. Resource allocation theory would suggest that the participants decided the ambient words were not important and therefore did not allocate any ...
V1 mechanisms underlying chromatic contrast detection
... (Graham 1977; Sachs et al. 1971). We asked whether signals measured in V1 at a psychophysical detection threshold (PT) are consistent with the cardinal mechanisms model. Although V1 neurons are not tuned to the cardinal color directions when tested with high-contrast stimuli (Horwitz et al. 2007; Jo ...
... (Graham 1977; Sachs et al. 1971). We asked whether signals measured in V1 at a psychophysical detection threshold (PT) are consistent with the cardinal mechanisms model. Although V1 neurons are not tuned to the cardinal color directions when tested with high-contrast stimuli (Horwitz et al. 2007; Jo ...
Representing the Hyphen in Action–Effect
... This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. ...
... This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly. ...
Stroop effect
In psychology, the Stroop effect is a demonstration of interference in the reaction time of a task. When the name of a color (e.g., ""blue"", ""green"", or ""red"") is printed in a color not denoted by the name (e.g., the word ""red"" printed in blue ink instead of red ink), naming the color of the word takes longer and is more prone to errors than when the color of the ink matches the name of the color. The effect is named after John Ridley Stroop, who first published the effect in English in 1935. The effect had previously been published in Germany in 1929. The original paper has been one of the most cited papers in the history of experimental psychology, leading to more than 701 replications. The effect has been used to create a psychological test (Stroop test) that is widely used in clinical practice and investigation.