1-2 mark recall questions from exam papers: Topic 1: Classification
... Hormones: Glucose and water regulation Excess glucose is converted into glycogen in the …liver. Explain why, on a hot day, less water is lost from the body as urine. On a hot day you will sweat meaning your water levels decrease. The kidneys make little concentrated urine to conserve water in the bl ...
... Hormones: Glucose and water regulation Excess glucose is converted into glycogen in the …liver. Explain why, on a hot day, less water is lost from the body as urine. On a hot day you will sweat meaning your water levels decrease. The kidneys make little concentrated urine to conserve water in the bl ...
k28 The hydrogen hypothesis for the first eukaryote - e
... Eubacteria, archaeabacteria, and eukaryotes (singular: eubacterium, archaeabacterium, and eukaryote) are three domains of life if no one of them evolved from the other. The same are referred to by Carl R. Woese, beginning in the 1970s, as bacteria, archaea, and eucarya (singular: bacterium, archaeon ...
... Eubacteria, archaeabacteria, and eukaryotes (singular: eubacterium, archaeabacterium, and eukaryote) are three domains of life if no one of them evolved from the other. The same are referred to by Carl R. Woese, beginning in the 1970s, as bacteria, archaea, and eucarya (singular: bacterium, archaeon ...
MAXIMUM MARK: 80 www.XtremePapers.com Cambridge International Examinations 0610/03
... more combustion / use of fossil fuels (for heat / power); allow: refs. to homes, factories, electricity production more use of (fossil fuels for) vehicles; allow: for vehicles / any named type, e.g. cars larger human population respiring; allow: refs. to increased human population deforestation / ow ...
... more combustion / use of fossil fuels (for heat / power); allow: refs. to homes, factories, electricity production more use of (fossil fuels for) vehicles; allow: for vehicles / any named type, e.g. cars larger human population respiring; allow: refs. to increased human population deforestation / ow ...
Organic Review Worksheet and Problem Set
... carbon atom in methane loses hydrogen atoms but gains oxygen atoms. By gaining oxygen atoms, the carbon is oxidized. Meanwhile, the oxygen molecule (O2) loses an oxygen atom but gains hydrogen atoms. By losing oxygen atoms, the O2 molecule is reduced. Thus, one common definition of oxidation is “the ...
... carbon atom in methane loses hydrogen atoms but gains oxygen atoms. By gaining oxygen atoms, the carbon is oxidized. Meanwhile, the oxygen molecule (O2) loses an oxygen atom but gains hydrogen atoms. By losing oxygen atoms, the O2 molecule is reduced. Thus, one common definition of oxidation is “the ...
Testing for Carbohydrates Fats Proteins
... are not made in the body and must be consumed. Therefore, a no fat diet is not acceptable. 2. Depending upon how much hydrogen is found in a fatty acid determines whether it is saturated or polyunsaturated. When the molecule is completely full of hydrogen, it is called a saturated fatty acid. Satu ...
... are not made in the body and must be consumed. Therefore, a no fat diet is not acceptable. 2. Depending upon how much hydrogen is found in a fatty acid determines whether it is saturated or polyunsaturated. When the molecule is completely full of hydrogen, it is called a saturated fatty acid. Satu ...
Plant Organs
... All leaves are responsible for: • absorbing the sun's rays the majority of photosynthetic production (which can take place in any green part of a plant) • taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen and water vapor (breathing) • removing waste products from the plant • using osmotic pressure to dr ...
... All leaves are responsible for: • absorbing the sun's rays the majority of photosynthetic production (which can take place in any green part of a plant) • taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen and water vapor (breathing) • removing waste products from the plant • using osmotic pressure to dr ...
ATP
... •Food molecules are the $1000 dollar bills of energy storage •Food molecules function as fuel molecules, storing large quantities of energy in a stable form over long periods of time! They are the long-term energy currency of the cell. •For “pocket change”, cells require a molecule that stores much ...
... •Food molecules are the $1000 dollar bills of energy storage •Food molecules function as fuel molecules, storing large quantities of energy in a stable form over long periods of time! They are the long-term energy currency of the cell. •For “pocket change”, cells require a molecule that stores much ...
Seed Plants
... Root Structure • The root cap is a structure that covers and protects the tip of the root as it grows. Just behind the root cap is a region that contains growth tissue, where new cells are formed. ...
... Root Structure • The root cap is a structure that covers and protects the tip of the root as it grows. Just behind the root cap is a region that contains growth tissue, where new cells are formed. ...
Smallholder farms
... increases annually by about 10 per cent Player’s are many (e.g. 12.2 mill. Smallholders in Ethiopia) Carbon offsets are to be understood as export article from forestry, like exporting atanas to Sudan A new export article is added to Ethiopian international trade ...
... increases annually by about 10 per cent Player’s are many (e.g. 12.2 mill. Smallholders in Ethiopia) Carbon offsets are to be understood as export article from forestry, like exporting atanas to Sudan A new export article is added to Ethiopian international trade ...
16 - Nutrition
... 1. place the moistened cotton balls inside before recapping the bottle. 2. Insert tubing so that it runs into the bottom of the bottle. (the other end of the tip protrudes from the top) 3. insert one cigarette into the protruding tip end of tubing (you may have to scrunch the cigarette a bit). Light ...
... 1. place the moistened cotton balls inside before recapping the bottle. 2. Insert tubing so that it runs into the bottom of the bottle. (the other end of the tip protrudes from the top) 3. insert one cigarette into the protruding tip end of tubing (you may have to scrunch the cigarette a bit). Light ...
Microbiology - Chapter 7 & 8
... Glucose is oxidized and the carrier NAD is reduced. For every glucose, two Carriers are produced 2 NADH (what happens to them, they have to be regenerated – oxidized back to NAD) Aerobes eventually produce CO2 and H2O Thus oxygen is the final electron acceptor( producing Water). Anaerobes use a diff ...
... Glucose is oxidized and the carrier NAD is reduced. For every glucose, two Carriers are produced 2 NADH (what happens to them, they have to be regenerated – oxidized back to NAD) Aerobes eventually produce CO2 and H2O Thus oxygen is the final electron acceptor( producing Water). Anaerobes use a diff ...
Botany for the herbalist
... nutrients, and the sensory / hormonal adaptation processes. But before we can enter into plant physiology, we will need to quickly discuss the concept of osmosis. Osmosis is a simple physical phenomenon that involves water and ions or molecules (collectively called solutes) that are dissolved in the ...
... nutrients, and the sensory / hormonal adaptation processes. But before we can enter into plant physiology, we will need to quickly discuss the concept of osmosis. Osmosis is a simple physical phenomenon that involves water and ions or molecules (collectively called solutes) that are dissolved in the ...
10B Plant Systems Guided Practice
... The climate is wet or humid like a rain forest. 26. Would plants in a dry, desert climate have more or less stomata than your sample. Why? Plants in a dry desert climate would have less stomata than the sample under the microscope. Less stomata are found in plants living in dryer climates to prevent ...
... The climate is wet or humid like a rain forest. 26. Would plants in a dry, desert climate have more or less stomata than your sample. Why? Plants in a dry desert climate would have less stomata than the sample under the microscope. Less stomata are found in plants living in dryer climates to prevent ...
coupling membrane
... Living organisms need this energy for biosynthesis, reproduction and movement. The ultimate source of energy for nearly all living organisms is sunlight, which is turned into chemical energy by photosynthesis in phototrophs. This chemical energy is then utilised by heterotrophic organisms such as ou ...
... Living organisms need this energy for biosynthesis, reproduction and movement. The ultimate source of energy for nearly all living organisms is sunlight, which is turned into chemical energy by photosynthesis in phototrophs. This chemical energy is then utilised by heterotrophic organisms such as ou ...
Chapter 12 Notes
... A. Most plants share common characteristics B. Photosynthesis 1. Plant cells contain a chemical pigment called chlorophyll 2. They may also contain other pigments called carotenes (colors like orange, yellow and red) 3. Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts- organelles in a plant cell 4. Formula for ...
... A. Most plants share common characteristics B. Photosynthesis 1. Plant cells contain a chemical pigment called chlorophyll 2. They may also contain other pigments called carotenes (colors like orange, yellow and red) 3. Chlorophyll is found in chloroplasts- organelles in a plant cell 4. Formula for ...
Fermentation EnBio
... In aerobic respiration, the nal electron acceptor is an oxygen molecule, O2 . If aerobic respiration occurs, then ATP will be produced using the energy of the high-energy electrons carried by NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain. Some living systems use an organic molecule as the nal elec ...
... In aerobic respiration, the nal electron acceptor is an oxygen molecule, O2 . If aerobic respiration occurs, then ATP will be produced using the energy of the high-energy electrons carried by NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain. Some living systems use an organic molecule as the nal elec ...
Chapter 3
... ● The term fermentation refers to the breakdown of a sugar (such as glucose or maltose) to pyruvic acid and then, usually, to lactic acid. ● Fermentation is also called the glycolytic cycle, and this is the process by which facultative bacteria generate ATP in the absence of oxygen. ● If oxygen is p ...
... ● The term fermentation refers to the breakdown of a sugar (such as glucose or maltose) to pyruvic acid and then, usually, to lactic acid. ● Fermentation is also called the glycolytic cycle, and this is the process by which facultative bacteria generate ATP in the absence of oxygen. ● If oxygen is p ...
File
... Vascular Plants These plants are also known as tracheophytes. Vascular plants have vascular tissues that make it possible to move fluids through their bodies against the force of gravity. Tracheids are hollow tubelike water-conducting cells with thick cell walls strengthened by lignin. Tracheids a ...
... Vascular Plants These plants are also known as tracheophytes. Vascular plants have vascular tissues that make it possible to move fluids through their bodies against the force of gravity. Tracheids are hollow tubelike water-conducting cells with thick cell walls strengthened by lignin. Tracheids a ...
Bio 110 S.I. chapters 6 & 7
... pyruvate reduction citric acid cycle electron transport chain fermentation ...
... pyruvate reduction citric acid cycle electron transport chain fermentation ...
Chapter 2: Plant Structures and Functions
... or have a vegetable garden in your backyard. You might find ferns and other potted plants in your house or classroom. What do all of these plants have in common? They are all vascular plants. Vascular plants have specialized cells and tissues that form vessels. These vessels work together to transpo ...
... or have a vegetable garden in your backyard. You might find ferns and other potted plants in your house or classroom. What do all of these plants have in common? They are all vascular plants. Vascular plants have specialized cells and tissues that form vessels. These vessels work together to transpo ...
Cellular Respiration
... is water. A cell can therefore obtain energy from sugar molecules (or amino acids or fatty acids) by allowing the carbon and hydrogen atoms in these molecules to combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. This oxidation occurs through a series of steps called aerobic respiration Ove ...
... is water. A cell can therefore obtain energy from sugar molecules (or amino acids or fatty acids) by allowing the carbon and hydrogen atoms in these molecules to combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. This oxidation occurs through a series of steps called aerobic respiration Ove ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.