Schematic of key mitochondrial metabolic pathways
... generated through the TCA cycle are next oxidised in a process coupled to ATP synthesis. Electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen via enzyme complexes located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Three of the electron carriers (complexes I, III and IV) are proton pumps, and couple the ...
... generated through the TCA cycle are next oxidised in a process coupled to ATP synthesis. Electrons are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen via enzyme complexes located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Three of the electron carriers (complexes I, III and IV) are proton pumps, and couple the ...
Program of Agricultural Microbiology (pdf version)
... nutrition and growth Nutritional requirements of microorganisms and metabolic options to obtain energy. Lab culture of microorganisms. Aerobic, facultative, microaerophilic, strictly anaerobic bacteria. Oxygen tolerance. Microbial growth: definition, measurements, continuous culture; environmental c ...
... nutrition and growth Nutritional requirements of microorganisms and metabolic options to obtain energy. Lab culture of microorganisms. Aerobic, facultative, microaerophilic, strictly anaerobic bacteria. Oxygen tolerance. Microbial growth: definition, measurements, continuous culture; environmental c ...
Organization of Life: Organisms: Populations: Communities
... The total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next is only about ___________ % The ___________ has the most available energy. The ___________ consumer has the least amount of available energy. Explaining the need for cycling of major nutrients (C, O, H, N, P). ...
... The total energy transfer from one trophic level to the next is only about ___________ % The ___________ has the most available energy. The ___________ consumer has the least amount of available energy. Explaining the need for cycling of major nutrients (C, O, H, N, P). ...
What four areas does population size depend on?
... 19 What 2 important uses is carbon dioxide needed for to help humans? • -Food carbohydrates • -Living tissue and skeleton ...
... 19 What 2 important uses is carbon dioxide needed for to help humans? • -Food carbohydrates • -Living tissue and skeleton ...
Document
... It is a series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD+,allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP ...
... It is a series of reactions that convert NADH (from glycolysis) back into NAD+,allowing glycolysis to keep producing a small amount of ATP ...
Basic chemistry – information from periodic table, isotopes, proteins
... 4. Photosynthesis eventually evolved and as a by-product released oxygen 5. Allowed more evolution – all occurred under the pressure of natural selection – organisms change to be most reproductively successful. 6. MOST SIGNIFICANT EVIDENCE OF LIFE IN ANY SETTING IS THE PRESENCE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS. Fou ...
... 4. Photosynthesis eventually evolved and as a by-product released oxygen 5. Allowed more evolution – all occurred under the pressure of natural selection – organisms change to be most reproductively successful. 6. MOST SIGNIFICANT EVIDENCE OF LIFE IN ANY SETTING IS THE PRESENCE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS. Fou ...
Cellular Respiration
... The Krebs Cycle if there in no O2 around it will not go through the E.T.C. The first type of fermentation produces a chemical called Lactic Acid. Humans go through this type of fermentation when their O2 level is depleted. When you exercise you’re forcing your body to work beyond the amount of O2 an ...
... The Krebs Cycle if there in no O2 around it will not go through the E.T.C. The first type of fermentation produces a chemical called Lactic Acid. Humans go through this type of fermentation when their O2 level is depleted. When you exercise you’re forcing your body to work beyond the amount of O2 an ...
Ecological Concepts
... • Processes that move chemicals (CHNOPS) through the biological (biotic) & geological (abiotic) parts of Earth. ...
... • Processes that move chemicals (CHNOPS) through the biological (biotic) & geological (abiotic) parts of Earth. ...
Cellular Respiration
... Organisms cannot use glucose directly, it must be broken down into smaller units. This process in living things begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain – This is called Cellular Respiration ...
... Organisms cannot use glucose directly, it must be broken down into smaller units. This process in living things begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain – This is called Cellular Respiration ...
Study Guide for Cellular Respiration Answers
... 3. catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler compounds often with the release of energy. An example would be the breaking down or catabolism of glucose into pyruvate. 4. anabolism is the biosynthesis or making of a molecule. An example would be making a monosaccharide into a disa ...
... 3. catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler compounds often with the release of energy. An example would be the breaking down or catabolism of glucose into pyruvate. 4. anabolism is the biosynthesis or making of a molecule. An example would be making a monosaccharide into a disa ...
Organic Chemistry - Goshen Community Schools
... Organic Chemistry Recognizing the 4 main classes of organic compounds. ...
... Organic Chemistry Recognizing the 4 main classes of organic compounds. ...
Describe and discuss the process of chemiosmosis in eukaryotic
... C. The absence of O2 is problematic to the process of cellular respiration. Describe how a muscle cell may attempt to compensate during strenuous exercise. (3 pt maximum) __glycolysis may continue ...
... C. The absence of O2 is problematic to the process of cellular respiration. Describe how a muscle cell may attempt to compensate during strenuous exercise. (3 pt maximum) __glycolysis may continue ...
living
... fungus from the shark by feeding on it..... • That is Mutualism because both benefit • A tick sucks the blood from a deer... • That is Parasitism because the deer is harmed • A bird that lives in a hole in a tree is... • Commensalism (the tree is neither harmed nor helped, but the bird gets shelter) ...
... fungus from the shark by feeding on it..... • That is Mutualism because both benefit • A tick sucks the blood from a deer... • That is Parasitism because the deer is harmed • A bird that lives in a hole in a tree is... • Commensalism (the tree is neither harmed nor helped, but the bird gets shelter) ...
BIO 101
... 26. What is the most common lipid consumed by humans? 27. Before energy can be obtained from a fat molecule, what must first happen to it? 28. What metabolic pathways are involved in the complete oxidation of a free fatty acid? ...
... 26. What is the most common lipid consumed by humans? 27. Before energy can be obtained from a fat molecule, what must first happen to it? 28. What metabolic pathways are involved in the complete oxidation of a free fatty acid? ...
Intro to Ecology Flow of Energy Vocabulary Review
... ____ 14. What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web? a. energy path b. food chain c. trophic level d. food pyramid ____ 15. A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which ecological terms describe the bird? a. herbivore, decomp ...
... ____ 14. What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web? a. energy path b. food chain c. trophic level d. food pyramid ____ 15. A bird stalks, kills, and then eats an insect. Based on its behavior, which ecological terms describe the bird? a. herbivore, decomp ...
Respiration
... Fermentation Is Anaerobic Respiration • In the absence of oxygen or if a cell lacks mitochondria, fermentation will occur. • the pyruvate, formed during glycolysis, will be converted into lactic acid or ethyl alcohol. • In the process NADH will be recycled back to NAD+ • NAD+ is essential for the g ...
... Fermentation Is Anaerobic Respiration • In the absence of oxygen or if a cell lacks mitochondria, fermentation will occur. • the pyruvate, formed during glycolysis, will be converted into lactic acid or ethyl alcohol. • In the process NADH will be recycled back to NAD+ • NAD+ is essential for the g ...
Aim: What is fermentation?
... either fermentation or respiration. •At a cellular level, human muscle cells can behave as facultative anaerobes, but nerve cells cannot. •For facultative anaerobes, pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road that leads to two alternative routes. ...
... either fermentation or respiration. •At a cellular level, human muscle cells can behave as facultative anaerobes, but nerve cells cannot. •For facultative anaerobes, pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road that leads to two alternative routes. ...
7th Grade Science Notes Chapter 2
... Nitrogen Fixation - the process that changes atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that are usable by living things. This can be done by: lightning, bacteria in the soil, or animal wastes like manure. Bacteria - a group of microscopic unicellular organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus. O ...
... Nitrogen Fixation - the process that changes atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that are usable by living things. This can be done by: lightning, bacteria in the soil, or animal wastes like manure. Bacteria - a group of microscopic unicellular organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus. O ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)