BIOLOGY 311C - Brand Spring 2009
... Before beginning, check to be sure that this exam contains 7 pages (including front and back) numbered consecutively, and that you have been provided with a clean Answer Sheet. Then immediately print your name and UT-EID legibly at the top of this page. Also print and bubble in your name and your UT ...
... Before beginning, check to be sure that this exam contains 7 pages (including front and back) numbered consecutively, and that you have been provided with a clean Answer Sheet. Then immediately print your name and UT-EID legibly at the top of this page. Also print and bubble in your name and your UT ...
Chapter 5: Interactions: Environments and Organisms
... 3) Different from C and N cycles in one important respect: P is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. The ultimate source is rock, from which P is released by erosion and dissolves in water. Plants use dissolved P to construct the molecules they need. Animals obtain P by eating plants or other ...
... 3) Different from C and N cycles in one important respect: P is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. The ultimate source is rock, from which P is released by erosion and dissolves in water. Plants use dissolved P to construct the molecules they need. Animals obtain P by eating plants or other ...
7 CellRespiration
... adenine dinucleotide (FAD+) and how they can be oxidized and reduced. How are these two molecules written when they are reduced? Exactly how do they carry electrons? 4. Name the three parts of cellular respiration and write a general chemical equation for part. Where in a prokaryotic cell is each pr ...
... adenine dinucleotide (FAD+) and how they can be oxidized and reduced. How are these two molecules written when they are reduced? Exactly how do they carry electrons? 4. Name the three parts of cellular respiration and write a general chemical equation for part. Where in a prokaryotic cell is each pr ...
Document
... 1. EXPLAIN how nitrogen gas enters the food chains in ecosystems. Nitrogen fixing bacteria that live symbiotically with the roots of legumes (peas, alfalfa, soybeans. . .) have enzymes to change N2 gas into ammonia in soil. Other soil bacteria can change ammonia into nitrates/nitrites. 2. How do hum ...
... 1. EXPLAIN how nitrogen gas enters the food chains in ecosystems. Nitrogen fixing bacteria that live symbiotically with the roots of legumes (peas, alfalfa, soybeans. . .) have enzymes to change N2 gas into ammonia in soil. Other soil bacteria can change ammonia into nitrates/nitrites. 2. How do hum ...
Principles of Ecology
... process of death and decay by bacteria. Lightning and certain bacteria convert the nitrogen in the air into more usable ...
... process of death and decay by bacteria. Lightning and certain bacteria convert the nitrogen in the air into more usable ...
Cellular Metabolism
... “picked up” during glycolysis (NAD+ only) and Kreb's cycle (both NAD+ and FAD). – The electrons “power” the movement of H+ (protons) across the inner membrane space creating a proton motive gradient – This gradient is utilized along with oxygen that has entered the mitochondrial matrix to power a ro ...
... “picked up” during glycolysis (NAD+ only) and Kreb's cycle (both NAD+ and FAD). – The electrons “power” the movement of H+ (protons) across the inner membrane space creating a proton motive gradient – This gradient is utilized along with oxygen that has entered the mitochondrial matrix to power a ro ...
Ecology
... Affected by Biotic and Abiotic factors Abiotic factors: non-living, includes: temperature, humidity, pH, availability of sunlight, etc Biotic factors: all living things ...
... Affected by Biotic and Abiotic factors Abiotic factors: non-living, includes: temperature, humidity, pH, availability of sunlight, etc Biotic factors: all living things ...
Food web
... the intestines by parasitic roundworms that usually cause no symptoms, but can be very serious. ...
... the intestines by parasitic roundworms that usually cause no symptoms, but can be very serious. ...
ecotoxicology - Isis Tassinari
... is a study of the effect of toxic chemicals on biological organisms. It’s interdisciplinary field between ecology and toxicology. • The Organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD) has guidelines to the specific tests which measure toxicity levels in organisms. • The most important ac ...
... is a study of the effect of toxic chemicals on biological organisms. It’s interdisciplinary field between ecology and toxicology. • The Organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD) has guidelines to the specific tests which measure toxicity levels in organisms. • The most important ac ...
Lecture 8
... Each pyruvate molecule produced by glycolysis is actively transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and into the matrix where it is oxidized and combined with coenzyme A to form CO2, acetyl-CoA, and NADH The acetyl-CoA is the primary substrate to enter the citric acid cycle, also known as ...
... Each pyruvate molecule produced by glycolysis is actively transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane, and into the matrix where it is oxidized and combined with coenzyme A to form CO2, acetyl-CoA, and NADH The acetyl-CoA is the primary substrate to enter the citric acid cycle, also known as ...
Recap: structure of ATP
... molecules of pyruvate (3C), with a net gain of 2 ATP molecules. • Occurs in the cytoplasm • Glycolysis does not require oxygen ...
... molecules of pyruvate (3C), with a net gain of 2 ATP molecules. • Occurs in the cytoplasm • Glycolysis does not require oxygen ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... phosphorylation (remember this requires oxygen). ...
... phosphorylation (remember this requires oxygen). ...
Chapter 2
... (non-living, physical) factors. • An organism’s habitat is where it lives, and its niche is the role the organism plays in its community. ...
... (non-living, physical) factors. • An organism’s habitat is where it lives, and its niche is the role the organism plays in its community. ...
Cell Respiration
... If no O2 is available, the pyruvate is converted into waste products that are later removed from the cell. In humans the waste product is LACTATE (lactic acid). In yeast the waste products are ETHANOL and CARBON DIOXIDE. No further ATP is made. ...
... If no O2 is available, the pyruvate is converted into waste products that are later removed from the cell. In humans the waste product is LACTATE (lactic acid). In yeast the waste products are ETHANOL and CARBON DIOXIDE. No further ATP is made. ...
Classification of Living Things
... Classification is the process of sorting things into groups, based on how they are alike and different. Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups. Living things that are classified together have similar characteristics. This makes them easier to identify and study. As scien ...
... Classification is the process of sorting things into groups, based on how they are alike and different. Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups. Living things that are classified together have similar characteristics. This makes them easier to identify and study. As scien ...
Chapter 2 Study Guide
... 1. In modern blimps, the gas of choice is helium rather than hydrogen. Hydrogen would be lighter, but helium is much safer. What characteristics of the atomic structure of helium make is so much less reactive than hydrogen? ...
... 1. In modern blimps, the gas of choice is helium rather than hydrogen. Hydrogen would be lighter, but helium is much safer. What characteristics of the atomic structure of helium make is so much less reactive than hydrogen? ...
Name
... b) On treatment with hydrofluoric acid, silicon dioxide forms silicon tetrafluoride and water ...
... b) On treatment with hydrofluoric acid, silicon dioxide forms silicon tetrafluoride and water ...
Must-Knows: Unit 4 (Cellular Respiration) Ms. Ottolini, AP Biology
... 10. Define “proton motive force.” How is this used during the electron transport chain? The proton motive force is the electrochemical / concentration gradient created by pumping H+ ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space. As a result of this force, H+ “wants” to flow back down its gradient ...
... 10. Define “proton motive force.” How is this used during the electron transport chain? The proton motive force is the electrochemical / concentration gradient created by pumping H+ ions from the matrix to the intermembrane space. As a result of this force, H+ “wants” to flow back down its gradient ...
Section 2
... Tip: Air is made up of several gases, but the two most important gases are oxygen and carbon dioxide. Without oxygen, animals will die, and without carbon dioxide, plants cannot survive. 2. D. Does not respond to stimuli. Tip: Response to stimuli is an important characteristic of life. Anything that ...
... Tip: Air is made up of several gases, but the two most important gases are oxygen and carbon dioxide. Without oxygen, animals will die, and without carbon dioxide, plants cannot survive. 2. D. Does not respond to stimuli. Tip: Response to stimuli is an important characteristic of life. Anything that ...
Biology Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration Notes Glycolysis: “Glucose splits”
... The purpose of fermentation is to regenerate the electron acceptor NAD+. Without it, glycolysis can not continue because there is no place to put its electrons. It is NOT the purpose of fermentation to produce alcohol or lactic acid. These are simply byproducts. ...
... The purpose of fermentation is to regenerate the electron acceptor NAD+. Without it, glycolysis can not continue because there is no place to put its electrons. It is NOT the purpose of fermentation to produce alcohol or lactic acid. These are simply byproducts. ...
Metabolism PPT File
... • ATP = adenosine triphosphate • Energy from the Krebs cycle is used to convert adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to the energyrich compound, ATP. • Energy is stored in cells as ATP. ...
... • ATP = adenosine triphosphate • Energy from the Krebs cycle is used to convert adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to the energyrich compound, ATP. • Energy is stored in cells as ATP. ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)