Osmo- and thermo-adaptation in hyperthermophilic Archaea
... belong to genera that are placed near the root of the Tree of Life, in short phylogenetic branches within the domains Bacteria or Archaea. Although hyperthermophiles have been isolated from a variety of hot environments, most species originate from marine geothermal areas, hence they are slightly ha ...
... belong to genera that are placed near the root of the Tree of Life, in short phylogenetic branches within the domains Bacteria or Archaea. Although hyperthermophiles have been isolated from a variety of hot environments, most species originate from marine geothermal areas, hence they are slightly ha ...
Li_uta_2502D_12817
... catalyzes the O2-dependent oxidation of L-cysteine (Cys) to produce cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA). CDO controls cysteine levels in cells and is a potential drug target for some diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzhermer’s. Several crystal structures of CDO have been determined and they reveal a ferro ...
... catalyzes the O2-dependent oxidation of L-cysteine (Cys) to produce cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA). CDO controls cysteine levels in cells and is a potential drug target for some diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzhermer’s. Several crystal structures of CDO have been determined and they reveal a ferro ...
Advances in Environmental Biology
... Nevertheless, Melaleuca honey showed to contain the highest level of phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds that can be found in honey including caffeic acid chlorogenic acid, chrysin, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, herperetin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, p-coumaric acid and querc ...
... Nevertheless, Melaleuca honey showed to contain the highest level of phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds that can be found in honey including caffeic acid chlorogenic acid, chrysin, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, herperetin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, p-coumaric acid and querc ...
Different lipid A types in lipopolysaccharides of phototrophic and
... between the phototrophic Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsulatus and the non-phototrophic Thiobacillus versutus and Paracoccus denitrificans by the 16S rRNA catalogues [15,16]. They all possess a diphosphorylated D-glucosamine backbone in their lipid A. [14]. Significantly, esterbound 3-OH-1 ...
... between the phototrophic Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter capsulatus and the non-phototrophic Thiobacillus versutus and Paracoccus denitrificans by the 16S rRNA catalogues [15,16]. They all possess a diphosphorylated D-glucosamine backbone in their lipid A. [14]. Significantly, esterbound 3-OH-1 ...
Jeopardy
... that conserve most of the energy from the citric acid cycle that can be used to make ...
... that conserve most of the energy from the citric acid cycle that can be used to make ...
SCH3U: Final Exam Review Note: These questions a
... ____ iv. Decreasing the pressure in a rigid closed container will result in a cooler temperature. ____ v. There is the same quantity of matter before and after a chemical reaction. 64. What is molar volume? State the molar volume (including the units) of any gas at STP. 65. Calculate the volume that ...
... ____ iv. Decreasing the pressure in a rigid closed container will result in a cooler temperature. ____ v. There is the same quantity of matter before and after a chemical reaction. 64. What is molar volume? State the molar volume (including the units) of any gas at STP. 65. Calculate the volume that ...
Microbiology
... kidneys, and modest endogenous synthesis (Rebouche & Seim, 1998). Carnitine and acylcarnitines are primarily absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine, where they are actively transported into enterocytes and diffuse past the serosal membrane into the circulatory system so they can then be tran ...
... kidneys, and modest endogenous synthesis (Rebouche & Seim, 1998). Carnitine and acylcarnitines are primarily absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine, where they are actively transported into enterocytes and diffuse past the serosal membrane into the circulatory system so they can then be tran ...
Physiological Strategies During Animal Diapause: Lessons from
... annual killifish ranges from a few weeks to a few months (the duration of pond inundation), while diapausing embryos may remain embedded in dried mud for several months or perhaps several years. Thus, any given individual may spend most of its life as a diapausing embryo encased in the pond sediment ...
... annual killifish ranges from a few weeks to a few months (the duration of pond inundation), while diapausing embryos may remain embedded in dried mud for several months or perhaps several years. Thus, any given individual may spend most of its life as a diapausing embryo encased in the pond sediment ...
Unit 9 Stoichiometry Notes
... 5. A reaction between hydrazine, N2H4 , and dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4 , has been used to launch rockets into space. The reaction produces nitrogen gas and water vapor. a. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. 2 N2H4 + N2O4 → 3 N2 + 4 H2O ...
... 5. A reaction between hydrazine, N2H4 , and dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4 , has been used to launch rockets into space. The reaction produces nitrogen gas and water vapor. a. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. 2 N2H4 + N2O4 → 3 N2 + 4 H2O ...
2,3-Butanedione. - Brewing and Distilling Analytical Services
... As with brewing diacetyl is produced during fermentation. However, while it is formed by yeasts within the valine biosynthetic pathway most of the diacetyl in wine is associated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Wines rarely contain excessive concentrations of diacetyl at the end of primary fermentat ...
... As with brewing diacetyl is produced during fermentation. However, while it is formed by yeasts within the valine biosynthetic pathway most of the diacetyl in wine is associated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Wines rarely contain excessive concentrations of diacetyl at the end of primary fermentat ...
Acid-Base 2013 - UMF IASI 2015
... •the law of mass action - the velocity of a reaction is proportional to the product of the reactant concentrations ……………………………………………. the addition of H+ or bicarbonate (HCO3 -) drives this reaction to the left ...
... •the law of mass action - the velocity of a reaction is proportional to the product of the reactant concentrations ……………………………………………. the addition of H+ or bicarbonate (HCO3 -) drives this reaction to the left ...
Chapter 1 - York University
... so it is evident that hydrogen transfer cannot occur without electron transfer. The movement of electrons in Equation 1.2 is less obvious. It occurs because oxygen is an element which attracts electrons more strongly than carbon and accordingly the electrons in CO2 are displaced, to some extent, tow ...
... so it is evident that hydrogen transfer cannot occur without electron transfer. The movement of electrons in Equation 1.2 is less obvious. It occurs because oxygen is an element which attracts electrons more strongly than carbon and accordingly the electrons in CO2 are displaced, to some extent, tow ...
Flux analysis in central carbon metabolism in plants
... experiments that employ U-13C (uniformly 13C-labeled) substrates. It was shown that the enumeration of feasible bondomers in a metabolic network reduced the number of bondomer balances 3-fold. This resulted in a simplified system that offers the advantages of faster computation, and easier flux iden ...
... experiments that employ U-13C (uniformly 13C-labeled) substrates. It was shown that the enumeration of feasible bondomers in a metabolic network reduced the number of bondomer balances 3-fold. This resulted in a simplified system that offers the advantages of faster computation, and easier flux iden ...
Rate at which glutamine enters TCA cycle influences carbon atom
... values for maximal rate (Vmax ) and the glutamine concentration needed to achieve the half-maximal rate of CO2 production from either [U-14C]glutamine or [1-14C]glutamine (Kox ). The objective of experiment 4 was to determine whether reducing entry of glutamine carbon into the TCA cycle with a trans ...
... values for maximal rate (Vmax ) and the glutamine concentration needed to achieve the half-maximal rate of CO2 production from either [U-14C]glutamine or [1-14C]glutamine (Kox ). The objective of experiment 4 was to determine whether reducing entry of glutamine carbon into the TCA cycle with a trans ...
Propionate stimulates pyruvate oxidation in the - AJP
... appearance probably reflect a complex interaction between substrate concentrations and direct effects on PDH (4). Propionate, a physiological short chain fatty acid, also influences PDH flux. The interaction of propionate with pyruvate metabolism in the heart has been extensively studied using 14C t ...
... appearance probably reflect a complex interaction between substrate concentrations and direct effects on PDH (4). Propionate, a physiological short chain fatty acid, also influences PDH flux. The interaction of propionate with pyruvate metabolism in the heart has been extensively studied using 14C t ...
Ecological aspects of marine Vibrio bacteria
... organisms. Vibrio abundances are strongly coupled to water temperature and salinity but abundance dynamics occur even where these hydrographical parameters are stable. In this thesis, I have studied Vibrio dynamics in relation to other organisms such as phytoplankton (papers I, II and III) and a biv ...
... organisms. Vibrio abundances are strongly coupled to water temperature and salinity but abundance dynamics occur even where these hydrographical parameters are stable. In this thesis, I have studied Vibrio dynamics in relation to other organisms such as phytoplankton (papers I, II and III) and a biv ...
PDF - Circulation Research
... acid catabolism is fully oxidized via the Krebs cycle, whereas carbon from amino acid metabolism may also enter or exit the Krebs cycle at several intermediary points. Reducing equivalents feed into the mitochondrial electron transport chain, in which a series of redox reactions transfer electrons f ...
... acid catabolism is fully oxidized via the Krebs cycle, whereas carbon from amino acid metabolism may also enter or exit the Krebs cycle at several intermediary points. Reducing equivalents feed into the mitochondrial electron transport chain, in which a series of redox reactions transfer electrons f ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)