Natural Occurrence and Industrial Applications of d
... invertebrates [21 – 26] [64], amphibians [15 – 19] [65], and mammals [8] [20] [66], both in free and/or in complex form. d-Aspartic acid has also been detected in several proteins in different tissues from elderly humans [8] (e.g., phosphophoryn, osteocalcin, type-I collagen C-terminal tellopeptide, ...
... invertebrates [21 – 26] [64], amphibians [15 – 19] [65], and mammals [8] [20] [66], both in free and/or in complex form. d-Aspartic acid has also been detected in several proteins in different tissues from elderly humans [8] (e.g., phosphophoryn, osteocalcin, type-I collagen C-terminal tellopeptide, ...
22. pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
... nder aerobic conditions, the cells obtain energy from ATP, produced as a result of breakdown of glucose. However, most plant and animal cells are aerobic and hence oxidize their organic fuels (carbohydrates etc.) completely to CO2 and H2O. Under these conditions, the pyruvate formed during glycolysi ...
... nder aerobic conditions, the cells obtain energy from ATP, produced as a result of breakdown of glucose. However, most plant and animal cells are aerobic and hence oxidize their organic fuels (carbohydrates etc.) completely to CO2 and H2O. Under these conditions, the pyruvate formed during glycolysi ...
Ethanol-soluble Intermediates and Products of
... as a descending solvent. The paper was cut in the form of a symmetrical trapezoid, with solvent applied to the shorter of the two parallel edges. This geometry gave more compact spots, with less 'tailing', than the conventional rectangular geometry. The total distance of solvent flow was just under ...
... as a descending solvent. The paper was cut in the form of a symmetrical trapezoid, with solvent applied to the shorter of the two parallel edges. This geometry gave more compact spots, with less 'tailing', than the conventional rectangular geometry. The total distance of solvent flow was just under ...
Decreased expression of plastidial adenylate kinase in potato tubers
... using the Bio-Rad Protein Assay Reagent (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Munich). Mitochondrial respiration was measured as oxygen consumption using a Clark-type electrode using 300 mg protein in 1 ml reaction buffer (Sweetlove et al., 2002) with the addition of succinate (10 mM), NADH (1 mM), KCN (1 mM), ADP ...
... using the Bio-Rad Protein Assay Reagent (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Munich). Mitochondrial respiration was measured as oxygen consumption using a Clark-type electrode using 300 mg protein in 1 ml reaction buffer (Sweetlove et al., 2002) with the addition of succinate (10 mM), NADH (1 mM), KCN (1 mM), ADP ...
Role of changes in cardiac metabolism in development - AJP
... and accounts for ⬃70% of ATP generated in an aerobic heart. FA metabolism includes multiple steps and can be regulated by both acute and chronic mechanisms, with or without modulation of gene expression (Fig. 2). Lipoprotein lipase. Because the heart has limited capacity to synthesize and store FA, ...
... and accounts for ⬃70% of ATP generated in an aerobic heart. FA metabolism includes multiple steps and can be regulated by both acute and chronic mechanisms, with or without modulation of gene expression (Fig. 2). Lipoprotein lipase. Because the heart has limited capacity to synthesize and store FA, ...
Exploring Yeast as a Cell Factory for the Production of Carboxylic
... extensively studied biopolymer naturally accumulated in some bacteria and archaea species through the formation of carbon granules. Its bio-based origin, biodegradability and applications in several industries makes it one of the most interesting biopolymers. In the present study, aerobic production ...
... extensively studied biopolymer naturally accumulated in some bacteria and archaea species through the formation of carbon granules. Its bio-based origin, biodegradability and applications in several industries makes it one of the most interesting biopolymers. In the present study, aerobic production ...
Regulation of thiamine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for
... in sterile water and then inoculated into a 250 ml flask containing 50 ml fermentation medium. The inoculum size was 5% v/v. Cultures were incubated in a shaker set at 200 rpm for 96 h at 30 C. All experiments were carried out in triplicate. ...
... in sterile water and then inoculated into a 250 ml flask containing 50 ml fermentation medium. The inoculum size was 5% v/v. Cultures were incubated in a shaker set at 200 rpm for 96 h at 30 C. All experiments were carried out in triplicate. ...
Slide 1
... bacteria in colon ferment to lactic acid, methane and H gas Bloated/ gas and diarrhea Can also hinder absorption of other nutrients ...
... bacteria in colon ferment to lactic acid, methane and H gas Bloated/ gas and diarrhea Can also hinder absorption of other nutrients ...
AMINO ACID METABOLISM
... • Pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells of the stomach, parietal cells secrete HCl. The acid environment alters the conformation of pepsinogen so that it can cleave itself to yield pepsin. • Pepsin acts as an endopeptidase to cleave dietary proteins with a broad spectrum of specificity, although it ...
... • Pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells of the stomach, parietal cells secrete HCl. The acid environment alters the conformation of pepsinogen so that it can cleave itself to yield pepsin. • Pepsin acts as an endopeptidase to cleave dietary proteins with a broad spectrum of specificity, although it ...
Renal physiology
... All substances in the plasma undergo a form of filtration ,reabsorbtion & secretion. Filtration , reabsorbtion & secretion are regulated according body needs. o e.g. when [Na+] is high : - its filtration rate is increased - reabsorbtion rate is decreased - excretion rate is increased Although ...
... All substances in the plasma undergo a form of filtration ,reabsorbtion & secretion. Filtration , reabsorbtion & secretion are regulated according body needs. o e.g. when [Na+] is high : - its filtration rate is increased - reabsorbtion rate is decreased - excretion rate is increased Although ...
Biochemistry 304 2014 Student Edition Amino Acid Metabolism
... • Understand the relationship of nitrogen to carbon intermediary metabolism. • Learn the Urea Cycle sequence, reactions, and products. • Have an understanding of an overview of amino acid catabolism resulting in 7 basic products and the difference between ketogenic and glucogenic catabolism. • Have ...
... • Understand the relationship of nitrogen to carbon intermediary metabolism. • Learn the Urea Cycle sequence, reactions, and products. • Have an understanding of an overview of amino acid catabolism resulting in 7 basic products and the difference between ketogenic and glucogenic catabolism. • Have ...
Essential Calculations in Renal Physiology
... secretion processes in the epithelial cells that line the nephron. With reabsorption, a substance that was previously filtered is transported from the lumen of the nephron into the peritubular capillary blood. Many substances are reabsorbed, including Na +, Cl-, HCO3-, amino acids, and water. With s ...
... secretion processes in the epithelial cells that line the nephron. With reabsorption, a substance that was previously filtered is transported from the lumen of the nephron into the peritubular capillary blood. Many substances are reabsorbed, including Na +, Cl-, HCO3-, amino acids, and water. With s ...
ATP regulation in bioproduction
... ATP supply in prokaryotic cell factories, because a lower external pH confers the advantage of generating a protonmotive force between the inner and outer surfaces of the cytoplasmic membrane, which drives FoF1-ATP synthase in the respiratory chain. For example, the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio is in ...
... ATP supply in prokaryotic cell factories, because a lower external pH confers the advantage of generating a protonmotive force between the inner and outer surfaces of the cytoplasmic membrane, which drives FoF1-ATP synthase in the respiratory chain. For example, the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio is in ...
lecture6
... appropriately balanced. The reason is that the entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of oxaloacetate for the formation of citrate, but the concentration of oxaloacetate is lowered if carbohydrate is unavailable or improperly utilized. Recall that oxaloacetate is ...
... appropriately balanced. The reason is that the entry of acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle depends on the availability of oxaloacetate for the formation of citrate, but the concentration of oxaloacetate is lowered if carbohydrate is unavailable or improperly utilized. Recall that oxaloacetate is ...
ATP regulation in bioproduction
... ATP supply in prokaryotic cell factories, because a lower external pH confers the advantage of generating a protonmotive force between the inner and outer surfaces of the cytoplasmic membrane, which drives FoF1-ATP synthase in the respiratory chain. For example, the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio is in ...
... ATP supply in prokaryotic cell factories, because a lower external pH confers the advantage of generating a protonmotive force between the inner and outer surfaces of the cytoplasmic membrane, which drives FoF1-ATP synthase in the respiratory chain. For example, the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio is in ...
Lesson Overview
... formed in this pathway contains 4 carbon atoms. •They can capture even very low levels of carbon dioxide and pass it to the Calvin cycle (where carbohydrates are formed). •Require extra ATP to function. •C4 organisms include crop plants like corn, sugar cane, and sorghum. ...
... formed in this pathway contains 4 carbon atoms. •They can capture even very low levels of carbon dioxide and pass it to the Calvin cycle (where carbohydrates are formed). •Require extra ATP to function. •C4 organisms include crop plants like corn, sugar cane, and sorghum. ...
metabolism - Garland Science
... metabolites are synthesized only in specialized organs or particular cell types, and only at certain developmental stages or under particular conditions of growth. These substances play roles in a plant’s adaptation to changing environmental conditions and in defense against disease and predation. T ...
... metabolites are synthesized only in specialized organs or particular cell types, and only at certain developmental stages or under particular conditions of growth. These substances play roles in a plant’s adaptation to changing environmental conditions and in defense against disease and predation. T ...
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Background - Rose
... Most species have two isozymes of isocitrate dehydrogenase. The NAD-dependent isozyme is normally considered to be the TCA cycle enzyme, while the NADPdependent enzyme is largely found in the cytoplasm, and is involved in production of NADPH for biosynthetic reactions. 4. a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogena ...
... Most species have two isozymes of isocitrate dehydrogenase. The NAD-dependent isozyme is normally considered to be the TCA cycle enzyme, while the NADPdependent enzyme is largely found in the cytoplasm, and is involved in production of NADPH for biosynthetic reactions. 4. a-Ketoglutarate dehydrogena ...
26. oxidation of amino acids
... mino acids are the final class of biomolecules whose oxidation makes a significant contribution towards generation of metabolic energy. The fraction of metabolic energy derived from amino acids varies greatly with the type of organism and with the metabolic situation in which an organism finds itsel ...
... mino acids are the final class of biomolecules whose oxidation makes a significant contribution towards generation of metabolic energy. The fraction of metabolic energy derived from amino acids varies greatly with the type of organism and with the metabolic situation in which an organism finds itsel ...
Genetic Disorders of Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Fatty Acid
... Most tissues are able to degrade fatty acids to carbon dioxide and water, but in addition, some organs—notably the liver—have the capacity to convert the acetyl-CoA units produced during |3 oxidation into the ketone bodies acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate. These are important fuels for certain org ...
... Most tissues are able to degrade fatty acids to carbon dioxide and water, but in addition, some organs—notably the liver—have the capacity to convert the acetyl-CoA units produced during |3 oxidation into the ketone bodies acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate. These are important fuels for certain org ...
Physiology of the thermophilic acetogen Moorella - The Keep
... acetogenesis yields more ATPSLP per hexose than any other fermentative metabolism (e.g., ethanol and butyrate fermentations yield 2 and 3 ATPSLP per hexose, respectively). Although the acetyl-‐CoA pathway (i.e., ...
... acetogenesis yields more ATPSLP per hexose than any other fermentative metabolism (e.g., ethanol and butyrate fermentations yield 2 and 3 ATPSLP per hexose, respectively). Although the acetyl-‐CoA pathway (i.e., ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Encounters with oxygen
... the presence of oxygen causes a lower biomass yield due to early growth stagnation. We show however that oxygen can also be beneficial to this organism as it relieves the requirement for acetate and CO2 during growth. Both on agar- and liquid-media, anaerobic growth of L. johnsonii NCC 533 requires ...
... the presence of oxygen causes a lower biomass yield due to early growth stagnation. We show however that oxygen can also be beneficial to this organism as it relieves the requirement for acetate and CO2 during growth. Both on agar- and liquid-media, anaerobic growth of L. johnsonii NCC 533 requires ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.