NAD Malic Enzyme and the Control of
... Potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants were transformed with a cDNA encoding the 59-kD subunit of the potato tuber NAD-dependent malic enzyme (NADME) in the antisense orientation. Measurements of the maximum catalytic activity of NADME in tubers revealed a range of reductions in the activity of this enzy ...
... Potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants were transformed with a cDNA encoding the 59-kD subunit of the potato tuber NAD-dependent malic enzyme (NADME) in the antisense orientation. Measurements of the maximum catalytic activity of NADME in tubers revealed a range of reductions in the activity of this enzy ...
Energy Calculations for 4-Hydroxy-3
... Part III Discussion: Comparison of Steric Energy Terms before and After Energy Minimization of the Hetero compound All of the calculated energy terms for the hetero compound, 4-Hydroxy-3-MethylButyl Diphosphate, changed when a MM2 energy minimization was performed on the hetero compound. Not only do ...
... Part III Discussion: Comparison of Steric Energy Terms before and After Energy Minimization of the Hetero compound All of the calculated energy terms for the hetero compound, 4-Hydroxy-3-MethylButyl Diphosphate, changed when a MM2 energy minimization was performed on the hetero compound. Not only do ...
Biochemical Thermodynamics
... Living organisms consist of collections of molecules much more highly organized as well as synthesized into polymers or assembled into compartments of water soluble and water insoluble mediums than the surrounding materials from which they are constructed, and organisms maintain and produce order, s ...
... Living organisms consist of collections of molecules much more highly organized as well as synthesized into polymers or assembled into compartments of water soluble and water insoluble mediums than the surrounding materials from which they are constructed, and organisms maintain and produce order, s ...
regulation of fatty acid synthesis
... signals to cross organellar boundaries. Because fatty acids are produced in the plastid, but are principally esterified outside this organelle, a system for communicating between the source and the sinks for fatty acid utilization is essential. The nature of this communication and the signal molecul ...
... signals to cross organellar boundaries. Because fatty acids are produced in the plastid, but are principally esterified outside this organelle, a system for communicating between the source and the sinks for fatty acid utilization is essential. The nature of this communication and the signal molecul ...
Bile-Acid Sequestrants: Glucose-Lowering Mechanisms - HAL
... pancreas. T2D pathogenesis includes genetic as well as environmental factors, but despite extensive research in this field the detailed mechanisms are yet incompletely known. The development of T2D is commonly associated with obesity and often with hypertension and dyslipidemia. These latter complic ...
... pancreas. T2D pathogenesis includes genetic as well as environmental factors, but despite extensive research in this field the detailed mechanisms are yet incompletely known. The development of T2D is commonly associated with obesity and often with hypertension and dyslipidemia. These latter complic ...
MOL WS 2016 Handout T3 Metabolism RNA world
... Prebiotic variants of the reductive citric acid (Krebs/tricarboxylic acid) cycle TCA/Krebs cycle is central for metabolism in aerobic forms of life. The reverse citric acid cycle is used by some bacteria to produce complex carbon compounds from CO2 and H2O ...
... Prebiotic variants of the reductive citric acid (Krebs/tricarboxylic acid) cycle TCA/Krebs cycle is central for metabolism in aerobic forms of life. The reverse citric acid cycle is used by some bacteria to produce complex carbon compounds from CO2 and H2O ...
Thermodynamic constraints shape the structure of carbon fixation
... energetic profiles. If indeed the reaction Gibbs energy is determined mostly by its type, the thermodynamically limiting reactions in a pathway could be identified through a quick survey of the reaction types involved. To analyze whether a reaction's type is the major determinant of its energetics we ...
... energetic profiles. If indeed the reaction Gibbs energy is determined mostly by its type, the thermodynamically limiting reactions in a pathway could be identified through a quick survey of the reaction types involved. To analyze whether a reaction's type is the major determinant of its energetics we ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
... succinate instead of 2CO2 (as occurs in the Citric acid cycle). •Succinate can be transported to mitochondria and enter the Citric acid cycle, or it can be transported to the cytosol where it is trans-formed to oxaloacetate and enters the gluconeogenesis pathway. •Overall: 2Acetyl-CoA+2NAD++FAD---> ...
... succinate instead of 2CO2 (as occurs in the Citric acid cycle). •Succinate can be transported to mitochondria and enter the Citric acid cycle, or it can be transported to the cytosol where it is trans-formed to oxaloacetate and enters the gluconeogenesis pathway. •Overall: 2Acetyl-CoA+2NAD++FAD---> ...
Threonine Metabolism via Two-carbon Compounds
... had been grown initially on threonine medium. Good growth occurred on acetate alone. Growth on an equimolar mixture of acetate plus glycine took place without lag as rapidly as growth on threonine. No growth occurred on 2-oxobutyrate medium. Washed suspensions of Pse udomonas oxalaticus grown on L-t ...
... had been grown initially on threonine medium. Good growth occurred on acetate alone. Growth on an equimolar mixture of acetate plus glycine took place without lag as rapidly as growth on threonine. No growth occurred on 2-oxobutyrate medium. Washed suspensions of Pse udomonas oxalaticus grown on L-t ...
Kinetics and mechanisms of reactions catalyzed by
... added value products, and 2) their catalytic efficiency (resulting from much lower activation energies, and concomitant requirements for milder reaction conditions of temperature and pH), which reduces energy requirements and thermal damage to the reaction products. Industrial applications of lipase ...
... added value products, and 2) their catalytic efficiency (resulting from much lower activation energies, and concomitant requirements for milder reaction conditions of temperature and pH), which reduces energy requirements and thermal damage to the reaction products. Industrial applications of lipase ...
Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism During and After Exercise
... metabolism during and after exercise and nutrition. Muscle contains a large proportion of the total protein in the adult body (40%) and accounts for between one third and one half of all protein turnover in the body. Its total mass and cellular and subcellular composition are markedly affected by th ...
... metabolism during and after exercise and nutrition. Muscle contains a large proportion of the total protein in the adult body (40%) and accounts for between one third and one half of all protein turnover in the body. Its total mass and cellular and subcellular composition are markedly affected by th ...
ELEMENTARY STEPS IN ENZYME CATALYSIS AND REGULATION
... The approaches to understanding enzyme catalysis stressed here are thermodynamics and kinetics. Basically this means that the chemical processes are studied as a function of concentrations and time. It is important that the accessible time range be as broad as possible in order that all of the indiv ...
... The approaches to understanding enzyme catalysis stressed here are thermodynamics and kinetics. Basically this means that the chemical processes are studied as a function of concentrations and time. It is important that the accessible time range be as broad as possible in order that all of the indiv ...
The Proposed Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD
... indicating that the muscles involved in flight for insects depend on aerobic metabolism for energy production. The study concerns insect flight muscles but the premise is the same, in order for aerobic metabolism to continue at a high rate these enzymes and substrates involved (i. e. NAD) need to be ...
... indicating that the muscles involved in flight for insects depend on aerobic metabolism for energy production. The study concerns insect flight muscles but the premise is the same, in order for aerobic metabolism to continue at a high rate these enzymes and substrates involved (i. e. NAD) need to be ...
Chylomicron Remnants and Nonesterified Fatty Involved in Lipogenesis in Rats
... Primary hepatocytes treated with nonesterified PUFA have been used as a model for analyzing the inhibitory effects of dietary polyunsaturated fats on lipogenic gene expression. Although nonesterified fatty acids play an important signaling role in starvation, they do not completely recapitulate the ...
... Primary hepatocytes treated with nonesterified PUFA have been used as a model for analyzing the inhibitory effects of dietary polyunsaturated fats on lipogenic gene expression. Although nonesterified fatty acids play an important signaling role in starvation, they do not completely recapitulate the ...
Cellular respiration
... Glycolysis Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
... Glycolysis Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
Know Your Vitamin: Vitamin B3
... Vitamin B3 has its own place not just within the B group of vitamins but also among all essential vitamins. For instance, if you compare RDA level of Vitamin B3 with all the other 13 essential fat and water soluble vitamins, you will see that vitamin B3 has the second highest RDA after Vitamin C (DR ...
... Vitamin B3 has its own place not just within the B group of vitamins but also among all essential vitamins. For instance, if you compare RDA level of Vitamin B3 with all the other 13 essential fat and water soluble vitamins, you will see that vitamin B3 has the second highest RDA after Vitamin C (DR ...
Cellular respiration
... Glycolysis Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
... Glycolysis Glucose breakdown starts with glycolysis, that occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Pyruvate is the final product of the glycolysis and it can follow two pathways: 1.Cellular respiration (aerobic pathway) 1.Fermentation (anaerobic pathway) ...
Slide 1
... In the well-fed state glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate, which is the precursor for the glycogen synthesis. The glucose-6-phosphate derived from the breakdown of glycogen ...
... In the well-fed state glucose is converted to glucose-6-phosphate, which is the precursor for the glycogen synthesis. The glucose-6-phosphate derived from the breakdown of glycogen ...
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation alterations in heart failure
... O2 consumed is greater with when glucose is oxidized compared to fatty acids, fatty acids are a less efficient energy substrate than glucose. Six O2 are consumed and 31 ATP are produced from the full oxidation of one glucose molecule. Oxidation of one palmitate consumes 23 O2 while only producing 10 ...
... O2 consumed is greater with when glucose is oxidized compared to fatty acids, fatty acids are a less efficient energy substrate than glucose. Six O2 are consumed and 31 ATP are produced from the full oxidation of one glucose molecule. Oxidation of one palmitate consumes 23 O2 while only producing 10 ...
Pharmaceutical Faculty 3- d course Module 1 General principles of
... E. All of the above ANSWER: E 3. Anaerobic metabolism refers to the generation of ATP: A. Without the involvement of ADP B. Without the use of glycogen C. In the absence of available oxygen D. By the conversion of pyruvate to lactate E. Without the use of oxygen ANSWER: E 4. Phospholipase A2 is an e ...
... E. All of the above ANSWER: E 3. Anaerobic metabolism refers to the generation of ATP: A. Without the involvement of ADP B. Without the use of glycogen C. In the absence of available oxygen D. By the conversion of pyruvate to lactate E. Without the use of oxygen ANSWER: E 4. Phospholipase A2 is an e ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.